Principles for code choice in the foreign language classroom: A focus on grammaring

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn S. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Language Pedagogy ◽  
Code Choice ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Effective Use

The social and cultural ‘turn’ in language education of recent years has helped move language teaching and curriculum design away from many of the more rigid dogmas of earlier generations, but the issue of the roles of the learners’ first language (L1) in language pedagogy and classroom interaction is far from settled. Some follow a strict ‘exclusive target language’ pedagogy, while others ‘resort to’ the use of the L1 for a variety of purposes (see ACTFL 2008). Underlying these competing views is the perspective of the L1 as an impediment to second language learning. Following sociocultural theory and ecological perspectives of language and learning and based on the findings of research on classroom code-switching and code choice, this paper lays out an approach to the language classroom as a multilingual social space in which learners and teacher study, negotiate, and co-construct code choice norms toward the dynamic, creative, and pedagogically effective use of both the target language and the learners’ L1(s). Learner use of the L1 for the purpose of grammatical or lexical learning is also considered, and some examples for instruction are offered.

MOOCs in the Language Classroom

2020 ◽  
pp. 194-211
Author(s):  
Barbara Conde Gafaro
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Language Courses

In this chapter, the author discusses the role of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in the field of foreign language education. It examines the relationship between MOOCs and self-regulated learning, and goes on to explore the repurposing of content-based MOOCs as complementary materials to foster students' self-regulated behaviour and practice of the target language inside and out the language classroom. A research project that has explored self-regulated language learning in a blended context with content-based MOOCs is also discussed here, with particular reference to the self-regulatory strategies employed by a group of language students at University level. A series of recommendations that supports the use of content-based MOOCs as part of face-to-face language courses are provided at the end of this chapter.

Analysis of EFL Learners’ Integrative and Instrumental Motivation Factor at English Language Education Undiksha

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Made Surya Mahendra ◽  
Ni Luh Putu Eka Sulistia Dewi ◽  
Ida Ayu Made Istri Utami
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Education Students ◽  
English Language Education ◽  
Motivation Factors ◽  
Integrative Motivation ◽  
Language Attitude ◽  
Learning English

This study aimed (1) to analyze motivation’s factor that affects English Language Education Students in achieving learning English both in instrumental and integrative motivation; (2) to analyze the major factor of motivation that affect students; and (3) to analyze how the major factor of motivation influence the students in achieving their goal in learning English. The survey was employed as a method of data collection through questionnaires and interviews. Both instruments consisted of instrumental and integrative motivation, which each dimension involves three factors of motivation. The results showed that English Language Education students were affected by six motivation factors. Those are academic, social, economic, attitude toward learning the target language, attitude toward the target language community, and desire to learn the target language. Among those motivation factors, the academic and attitude toward learning the target language were the major factor that affects students in achieving their goal in language learning.

Compelled digitalization of language education: challenges of foreign language learning in the electronic environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Liudmila Vladimirovna Guseva ◽  
Evgenii Vladimirovich Plisov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Foreign Language Education ◽  
Electronic Environment ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Effective Use

The article defnes the role of digital means in foreign language learning, establishes the reasons for the effective use of digital means and digital technologies, identifes challenges in mastering a foreign language in an electronic environment, as well as the prospects for the digitalization of foreign language education. When studying the issues of emergency off-campus learning organization, the results of surveys of teachers and students conducted in April 2020 at Minin University were used. image/svg+xml

Deployment of the formulaic utterance “how about∼” in task-based second language classroom discussions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-446
Author(s):  
David Aline ◽  
Yuri Hosoda
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Japanese Learners Of English ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Alternative Procedures ◽  
Japanese Learners

Abstract Formulaic speech has long been of interest in studies of second language learning and pragmatic use as production and comprehension of formulaic utterances requires less processing and production effort and, therefore, allows for greater fluency. This study scrutinizes the sequential positions and actions of one formulaic utterance “how about∼” from the participants’ perspective. This conversation analytic study offers a fine-grained microanalysis of student interaction during classroom peer discussion activities. The data consist of over 54 h of video-recorded classroom interaction. Analysis revealed several positions and actions of “how about∼” as it occurs during peer discussions by Japanese learners of English. Emerging from analysis was a focus on how learners deploy this formulaic utterance to achieve various actions within sequences of interaction. Analysis revealed that participants used “how about∼” for (a) explicitly selecting next speaker, (b) shifting topics, (c) proposing a solution, and (d) suggesting alternative procedures. Although the formula was deployed to perform these four different actions, consistent throughout all instances was the disclosure of learner orientation to the progressivity of the task interaction. The findings show how language learners deploy this formulaic utterance in discussion tasks designed for language learning and highlights the pragmatic functions of this phrase.

scholarly journals Friend or foe? First language (L1) in second/foreign language (L2/FL) instruction & Vygotsky

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Liaquat A. Channa ◽  
Daniel Gilhooly ◽  
Charles A. Lynn ◽  
Syed A. Manan ◽  
Niaz Hussain Soomro
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Bilingual Education ◽  
Sociocultural Theory ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
First Language ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Target Language

Abstract This theoretical review paper investigates the role of first language (L1) in the mainstream scholarship of second/foreign (L2/FL) language education in the context of language learning, teaching, and bilingual education. The term ‘mainstream’ refers here to the scholarship that is not informed by sociocultural theory in general and Vygotskian sociocultural theory in particular. The paper later explains a Vygotskian perspective on the use of L1 in L2/FL language education and discusses how the perspective may help content teachers in (a) employing L1 in teaching L2/FL content and (b) helping L2/FL students to become self-regulative users of the target language.

scholarly journals ELABORATING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN TEFL METHODOLOGY SUBJECT

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Yohanes Gatot Sutapa Yuliana
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Authentic Texts ◽  
Learning Agents ◽  
Language Courses ◽  
Effective Use

Elaborating Critical Thinking Skills in TEFL Methodology subject has become one of the 21st century trends, prioritized in the pedagogic process of language courses. Lecturers as facilitators, motivators, boosters, co-learners and inspirational model are the foundation of innovative creativity to adapt and modify comprehensively, and integrate them in their teaching projects contextually; while, the learners themselves play as the active target of learning agents. This modern TEFL Methodology critically makes use of either authentic texts or real texts that are also confronted by the need to approach texts critically. This was revealed in this research, focused on the learners’ activities that enthusiastically engage critical thinking skills in their learning process. It runs actively, innovatively, creatively, dialogically, democratically and in a critical and interactive atmosphere. The importance of applying critical thinking skills in language learning process can empower learners to maximize the objective of TEFL Methodology learning target both oral and written in accordance with their social context. Learners enter in any task using the target language which contains the elements such as identification, investigation, analysis and problem solving then they must think critically. These kinds of communicative task are commonplace for they engage the learners in authentic communication settings. This is impressive and meaningful for the learners. Thus, recommending success in TEFL Methodology subject – as in life - requires effective use of language practically along with some measure of critical thinking.

Didactics, methodology or post-method pedagogy. Terminological highlights in the conceptualisation of language leaning and teaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siylvia Velikova ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Language Pedagogy ◽  
Teaching Language ◽  
Key Terms

This article investigates the meanings of key terms used to describe the theory and practice of language learning and teaching as an academic discipline and as a field of enquiry. The study discusses various manifestations of terminological variability and analyses four of the most frequent terms (methodology of language teaching, language didactics, language pedagogy, language education) which reveal the nature of language learning and teaching and its conceptualisation in the current “post-method” era.

The Use of Weblogs in Language Education

2009 ◽  
pp. 274-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Raith
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Discourse Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores in how far Web 2.0, Weblogs in particular, has changed foreign language learning. It argues that Weblogs, along with Web 2.0, have created new genres for which users need new forms of literacy. A qualitative study on the relationship between the online audience of Web 2.0 and learners’ writing processes is presented and the findings are discussed. The study supports the assumption that learners are aware of the social interaction taking place through weblogs and that this awareness of audience influences the writing process. The author’s intention is to point out that Web 2.0 has created new communities of language practice and that foreign language learning is happening in these discourse communities through social interaction. The challenge in foreign language education is to integrate these communities of practice into the foreign language classroom.

Kommunikation und "Kommunikation" im Schulischen Fremdsprachen -Unterricht

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-149
Author(s):  
Henning Bolte
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Conversational Analysis ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Response Formats ◽  
Teaching Learning

The article deals with the relationship between verbal communication as a teaching objective and as a medium of teaching/learning. This relationship is of special interest for foreign language teaching/ learning aiming at ccmnunicative competence in spoken language. The article enters into the question in which ways teaching/learning ob-jects are constituted in the course of ongoing interaction, how acti-vities with regard to such objects are stimulated and steered, and what kinds of activities are defined by the participants themselves as LEARNING or count for them as such. Psycholinguistic input-(in-take) output models are being argued against, because classroom learning is not simply characterized by ready-made prestructured in-put and predetermined output, but both have first to be constituted through some strategic form of social interaction. Two examples of foreign language learning in the classroom are pre-sented: first of an EFL lesson, where the distortion of target langu-age function potential is demonstrated and the "staged" production of language prof iciency within a pedagogic interaction pattern is shown; and second of a German FL lesson, where a grammatical item is focussed and exercised. The sequence is an example of rigorous reali-zation of the I(nitiation)-R(esponse)-E(valuation) pattern as the ba-sic pattern of sequential organization in the classroom. It clearly shows how LEARNING is defined/executed as standardized response for-mats and "conditioned" chains of I-R-pairs. Many of the performed linguistic deviations(of the target language)seem due to interaction mechanisms rather than to general principles of language development. Conversational analysis of teaching-learning discourse shows that learning is not merely to be considered as a direct conventionalized consequence of ( initiating ) teaching ( acts ). On the one hand the inter-action pattern is merely a framework wherein "inner" mental processes are evoked and organized, which can manifest themselves in various forms. On the other hand there is a strong tendency for the teacher to control the entire learning process and to make expected outcomes collectively significant and thus for the learner a tendency mainly to adjust to prefabricated response formats, which at the same time serve as evidence for didactically intended cognitions. Hence, the stronger the predetermination and imposing of LEARNING by the teach-er, the more learning tends to become a mere guessing game and pure-ly mechanical. The restrictions of traditional classrooms are obvious from these examples: restrictions with regard to the experience of functional potential of the target language and with regard to the embedding of focussed learning-items into a functional perspective. These re-strictions have to be changed in order to enable learners to parti-cipate in problem-constitution, to bring in own perceptions of con-cepts/problems and to bring in own problem-solving strategies as systematic parts of language development and as systematic parts of official classroom discourse, i.e. as objects of active mutual indication and interpretation. Conversational analysis can be an important tool for the study of such "alternative" structuring of classroom interaction and its con-tribution to a more learner-centered and functionally oriented (foreign)language LEARNING.

Negotiating knowledge bases in pedagogical discourse: relevance of identities to language classroom interactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yo-An Lee
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Pedagogical Discourse ◽  
Language Classroom

AbstractIdentities are about how people position themselves in their social surroundings individually and collectively. Research in applied linguistics shows how identities seem multifaceted, emergent, and constantly changing. The present study finds its analytic resources in conversation analysis (CA) and describes how access to particular knowledge can make different identities relevant in the contingent choices during real-time classroom interaction. Based on transcribed questioning sequences taken from English as a Second Language (ESL) classroom, the analysis demonstrates the intricate negotiation between classroom teachers and their non-native students in determining what knowledge is relevant among multiple possibilities. What underlies these sequences is the work of managing asymmetries in the knowledge base between teachers and their students as they come to terms with various competing knowledge bases, whether about content knowledge, target language, or personal experience. The findings suggest that participants deploy a far greater variety of identities than the pre-set categories of native/non-native speakers and that the presence of multiple identities is a central analytic resource as it shows the process by which the participants establish the relevant knowledge bases for the task at hand.

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