General Didactic Principles About University Education in Music in the Midst of a Pandemic

This article discusses some of the most important prerequisites for building and organizing the didactic structure of music education at the university level in the midst of a pandemic. The emphasis is on the methodology in designing online learning. The principles of carrying out the preliminary preparation for the transition to the new synchronous1 and asynchronous2 training are described. The basic rules for building and organizing online lectures in the conditions of distance learning are systematized. Models for asynchronous lectures according to already established principles are presented. An analysis of the difficulties and dangers of constant home office work has been performed. The authors of this article share their pedagogical experience regarding the specifics of conducting individual and group music disciplines in the context of distance learning, giving basic recommendations on the structuring of the learning process, which can be used not only in a pandemic situation, but also in the future for more flexible, modern and effective education related to constantly improving technologies.

Мethodological Support for University Students’ Independent Work

The article reveals the relevance of the organization of independent work of students and the need for methodological support thereof, the quality of which determines the effectiveness of the educational process and professional training at university. The author of the article analyzes various views of domestic scholars on the essence and content of independent work at university. She considers various types and forms of classroom and extracurricular work of students, and defines the status of methodological support as a process and result. She also proposes specific types of educational and methodological support for various types of independent work of students.

Solving a Triangle in Teaching Primary School Mathematics

The paper studies solving a triangle in primary school mathematics education. It proposes a system of problems reflecting the classification of the concept of triangle according to the sides and the angles. Each subsystem of a given main system includes a basic problem with generalized formulation and a sample solution followed by problems illustrating the basic problem. The methodological analysis encompasses some didactic components – short description, construction/drawing, sample solution, necessary component concepts, component pieces of knowledge and component problems. All drawings in the study have been made by using the mathematical software GeoGebra in order to ensure dynamism and clarity, and subsequently to achieve easier understanding of a problem and finding out its solution.

Traditional Singing Games in English for Teaching Modules Developed According to the Interests of Primary School Students

The report discusses traditional singing games in English and the benefits of their use in teaching English as a foreign language, especially in teaching modules developed according to the interests of primary school students. A review of scholarly articles has been made and some conclusions about using singing games in teaching and learning English as a foreign language has been presented.

Explosive Leg Power and Flexibility in School Children Aged 6–8 Years

This pilot study has been carried out on a sample of 51 participants – children aged 6–8 years, pupils in grades 1 and 2 at Elementary School Dimkata Angelov-Gaberot in Vatasha, Kavadarci, Republic of North Macedonia. The main objectives were: 1) to assess explosive leg power and flexibility of lower back and hamstring muscles; 2) to compare these parameters by age and sex. Measurement of anthropometric characteristics (height, weight and BMI) and assessment of explosive leg power and flexibility of lower back and hamstring muscles were performed in the school. In order to examine whether data have a normal distribution, skewness and kurtosis values and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test were used. Basic mathematical and appropriate statistical methods were used to calculate descriptive statistical parameters. Student’s t-test was applied to test the difference between groups formed based on age and sex. Boys in grades 1 and 2 showed better results than girls in standing long jump (SLJ) test, while girls in Grade 1 performed better in flexibility test (FT). Second graders who have been involved in Physical Education classes longer than first graders, have shown better results in SLJ test than first graders. The reason for this outcome is that second graders have practiced more and have a better performance technique that influenced the jump distance.

Level of Health Competence of 14–19-Year-Old Students

Preventive healthcare is a top priority in modern health policy. As its main elements, the health education and health culture of the population are essential. Medical specialists bear almost little responsibility for their development and quality. Educators, the school as an institution, the family and society have a key role to play in this regard. In Bulgaria, health education is not present as an independent subject at school. It is embedded in various classroom and extracurricular forms of education. The purpose of this study is to establish the level of health knowledge among 14–19-year-old Bulgarian students achieved through the education system, family and social environment. It also explores the possibilities for enhancing the health competence of high school students.

The Art of Musical Pedagogy (A Treatise on the Fundamental Principles of Violin Playing by Leopold Mozart and the Origins of Violin Teaching Methodology in Bulgaria)

Learning and improvement are impossible without teaching. Pedagogy exists to impart knowledge and skills as directly and rigorously as possible, but it is rather an art than a science, since art creates rules, while science obeys them. The only rule of art is that there are no rules, no absolute truth. Pedagogy works with personalities and individuals, which science cannot do although scientific rules are vital to the teaching process: know the rules, when to obey them, and when to break them. Thus, all teaching is connected across all cultures and traditions. Violin pedagogy is no exception. The earliest documentation of violin teaching in Bulgaria is found in the curricula of general educational institutions. This study traces the complex interconnections of common teaching principles between national and European violin pedagogy, specifically Leopold Mozart’s A Treatise on the Fundamental Principles of Violin Playing (Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule, 1756), and late 19th- to early 20th-century Bulgarian teaching in the methods of Karel Machán, Dimitar Hadzhigeorgiev and Kamen Popdimitrov.

Pedagogical Characteristics of Learning Support

The study of learning support is carried out in the context of inclusive education and with a view to its purpose to respond to the diversity of student needs. As an act of pedagogical interaction, support has a key role in the formation of the complex autonomy of children and students. Defining pedagogical characteristics of learning support allows us to discover its meaning and power of action in pedagogical practice at school level, the learning space and the systematization of the responsibilities of those involved.

Projects in Computer Science Training – An Example with Numerical Series

When it comes to teaching computer science, working on software projects is a quite natural pedagogical approach. Its main advantage is the increased motivation for learning, which arises from the opportunity to immediately see the application of acquired knowledge. In this paper, the authors share their experience of creating a project in computer science for high school students, making a cross-curricular connection with mathematics. Emphasis is placed on interactive teaching methods in the classroom.

Taxonomic Analysis of the Levels of Understanding Bulgarian in Students with Intellectual Development Disorders

In the context of inclusive education, students with intellectual development disorders can be found very often at mainstream schools. Therefore, it is necessary to develop different models and didactic materials to help teachers deal with such students. The report attempts to compare the curriculum in Bulgarian language for Grade 4 to Bloom’s taxonomy. The ultimate goal is to achieve maximum facilitation of teachers and preparation of accessible teaching materials for students with intellectual development disorders.