scholarly journals Muonic x-ray laser assisted by catalyzed fusion of deuterium and tritium

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tajima ◽  
S. Eliezer
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Photon Energy ◽  
Ground State ◽  
X Ray

The possibility of an X-ray laser by irradiation of muon beams on a thin rod of deuterium-tritium mixture is discussed. The excited state of dtμ-mesomolecules (J, v) = (1, 0) can be induced to make radiative chain transitions with photon energy of 90 eV to the ground state (0, 0), evacuated by fusion.

Modeling the X-ray emissions from the geo-space environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianran Sun
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Excited State ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Charge State ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Neutral Component ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Solar Wind Charge Exchange

<p>The Earth's magnetosheath is luminous in the soft X-ray band, due to the solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) process. SWCX occurs when a heavy solar wind ion with a high charge state encounters with a neutral component. The heavy ion obtains an electron and gets into an excited state. It then decays to the ground state and emits a photon in the soft X-ray band. Considering that the X-ray emission from the magnetosheath is higher compared to that from the magnetosphere, information about the boundary positions can be derived from an X-ray image of the magnetosheath.</p><p> </p><p>The solar wind - magnetosphere - ionosphere link explorer (SMILE) is a mission jointly supported by ESA and CAS, which aims at exploring the dynamics in the whole system. Soft X-ray Imager (SXI) is expected to provide X-ray images of the magnetosphere. The Modeling Working Group (MWG) is one of the four working groups of SMILE. Studies about the modeling of X-ray emissions as well as the method to derive the boundary positions are two main topics of the MWG. The main progress of MWG will be summarized here. </p>

Inversion of 4f-states in CeB6 thermally excited at 430 K

2007 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoko Makita ◽  
Kiyoaki Tanaka ◽  
Yoshichika Ōnuki ◽  
Hiroshi Tatewaki
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Electron Density Distribution ◽  
Atomic Orbital ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Small Furnace ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Orbital Analysis

The 4f states of Ce in a typical Kondo crystal, CeB6, are split into an excited state Γ7 and the ground state Γ8, with an excitation energy at 560 K. The electron-density distribution of the thermally excited state was measured at 430 K using a four-circle diffractometer equipped with a small furnace. In contrast to the previous results at lower temperature, electrons are transferred from B6 to Ce at 430 K. X-ray atomic-orbital analysis revealed that the 5d-Γ8 orbitals (the energy level of which is similar to that of the B-2p orbitals) are fully occupied and the 4f-Γ7 orbitals are more populated than the 4f-Γ8 orbitals. Fully occupied 5d-Γ8 makes the 4f-Γ8 states unstable and the energy levels of 4f-Γ7 and 4f-Γ8 are inverted.

Effects of Rapid Thermal Annealing on the Intersubband Energy Spacing of Self-Assembled InAs/Gaas Quantum Dots

1999 ◽  
Vol 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. C. Wang ◽  
S. J. Chua ◽  
S. J. Xu ◽  
Z. H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Excited State ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Infrared Detectors ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Self Assembled

AbstractIn this paper, we showed the significant reduction of the energy spacing between ground state and excited state emissions from InAs/GaAs quantum dots due to interface interdiffusion induced by thermal treatment. In addition, the strong narrowing of the luminescence linewidth of the ground state and excited state emissions from the InAs dot layers for the annealed samples indicates an improvement of the size-distribution of the QDs. Large blue-shift of the energy positions of both emissions was also observed. High resolution X-Ray diffraction experiments give strong evidence of the interface atom interdiffusion in the annealed samples. This work shows ability to tune the wavelength for applications like infrared detectors and lasers based on intrasubband transitions of self-assembled QDs.

Observation and analysis (synthesis) of X-ray spectrum originated from electron capture of low-energy, highly charged Xeq+ (q = 26–43) ions in single collisions with Ar atom

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Vasilyev ◽  
H Tawara ◽  
P Richard ◽  
U I Safronova
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Electron Capture ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Direct Transition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Ionization Limit ◽  
Production Mechanisms

X-rays have been observed in collisions of low-energy (keV/u), highly charged Xeq+ (q = 26–43) ions with neutral Ar atoms. These X-rays are understood to be produced through electron capture by highly charged projectile ions from target atoms, the electrons then cascade down to the ground state. It is clearly noted that the most intense X-ray peaks correspond to M-shell – N-shell transitions with different numbers of M-shell vacancies and that X-ray intensities decrease significantly toward high energies near the ionization limit. This observation indicates that the direct transition of an electron captured in a highly excited state to M-shell vacancies is negligibly small. To obtain a better understanding of X-ray production mechanisms, we tried to synthesize the expected X-ray spectrum and compare that with the observed spectrum. The synthesized spectra were found to reproduce the observed spectra reasonably well. PACS Nos: 32.30Rj, 32.70Cs, 32.80Rm, 34.70+e

The 5515 Å electronic transition and the geometric structure of s -tetrazine

1968 ◽  
Vol 302 (1469) ◽  
pp. 271-284 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Excited State ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Electronic Excitation ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Electron Theory ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Isotopic Species

The electronic absorption spectrum of gaseous s -tetrazine (H 2 C 2 N 4 ) in the visible region has been examined under high resolution, and rotational analyses of the J -structure have been performed for bands of six isotopic species. The results have permitted the determination of the molecular structure of s -tetrazine, both in the 1 A g ground state and in the A ~ 1 B 3 u excited state. The s -tetrazine molecule in its ground state is not as distorted from the hexagonal con­formation as previous X-ray data suggest: the principal parameters are NĈN = 124°.6; r(C—N) = 1.338Å; r (N—N) = 1.330Å; r (C—H) = 1.07 ± 0-02 Å.. On electronic excitation the N—N bond lengths are reduced by 0.11A and the separation of the carbon atoms increases by 0.10Å. It does not seem possible to understand the con­siderable change of geometry on excitation on the basis of simple Hiickel π-electron theory.

scholarly journals A strong steric hindrance effect on ground state, excited state, and charge separated state properties of a CuI-diimine complex captured by X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (47) ◽  
pp. 17615-17623 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Huang ◽  
M. W. Mara ◽  
A. B. Stickrath ◽  
O. Kokhan ◽  
M. R. Harpham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Excited State ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Steric Hindrance ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Transient Absorption ◽  
Transient Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Interfacial Electron Transfer ◽  
X Ray

Steady-state and transient structures of a copper diimine dye sensitizer on TiO2 nanoparticles undergoing photoinduced interfacial electron transfer are determined.

Renilla Bioluminescence: A Morphologic Approach to the Location of Photocytes

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
Ben O. Spurlock ◽  
Milton J. Cormier
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Chemical Basis ◽  
Electronic Excited State ◽  
Colonial Form ◽  
The Common ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Catalyzed Oxidation

The phenomenon of bioluminescence has fascinated layman and scientist alike for many centuries. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries a number of observations were reported on the physiology of bioluminescence in Renilla, the common sea pansy. More recently biochemists have directed their attention to the molecular basis of luminosity in this colonial form. These studies have centered primarily on defining the chemical basis for bioluminescence and its control. It is now established that bioluminescence in Renilla arises due to the luciferase-catalyzed oxidation of luciferin. This results in the creation of a product (oxyluciferin) in an electronic excited state. The transition of oxyluciferin from its excited state to the ground state leads to light emission.

Ground State and Excited State H-Atom Temperatures in a Microwave Plasma Diamond Deposition Reactor

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1167-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gicquel ◽  
M. Chenevier ◽  
Y. Breton ◽  
M. Petiau ◽  
J. P. Booth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Diamond Deposition
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