scholarly journals Wire number breakthrough for high-power annular z pinches and some characteristics at high wire number

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.W.L. SANFORD
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
High Power ◽  
Wire Array ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Indirect Drive

Characteristics of annular wire array z pinches as a function of wire number and at high wire number are reviewed. The data, taken primarily using aluminum wires on Saturn, are comprehensive. The experiments have provided important insights into the features of wire-array dynamics critical for high X-ray power generation, and have initiated a renaissance in z pinches when high numbers of wires are used. In this regime, for example, radiation environments characteristic of those encountered during the early pulses required for indirect-drive ICF ignition on the NIF have been produced in hohlraums driven by X rays from a z pinch, and are commented on here.

X-Ray Emission from High-Temperature Laboratory, Plasmas

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
D. J. Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Fusion Power ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Temperature Plasma ◽  
Laboratory Plasmas

AbstractThe radiation from plasmas hotter than 106K falls in the x-ray region. Such plasmas are required for fusion power generation. They can also be used as x-ray sources. Measurements of x-ray emission from high temperature plasma yields (a) diagnostic information on the plasma conditions and (b) the characteristics of plasma x-ray sources which determine their applications. Hence, measurements of x-rays from plasmas are finding widespread use.

A New X-Ray Lens and its Applications

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 507-514
Author(s):  
Yan Yiming ◽  
Ding Xunliang ◽  
Wang Dachun
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Small Spot

In the late 1980s, a new X-ray focusing system, X-ray lens, capable of adjusting and controlling high power, white X-ray beams, has been created. This X-ray lens can collect X-rays in a large angle range, increasing the utilization efficiency of an Xray source. It can focus X-rays into a small spot, improving X-ray power density 104 to 106 times when compared to the same source at the same distance without the focusing system. It can also transfer diverging X-ray beam to a nearly parallel one. These properties make the focusing system potentially useful in many Xray applications.

scholarly journals Demonstration of symcaps to measure implosion symmetry in the foot of the NIF scale 0.7 hohlraums

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Seifter ◽  
G.A. Kyrala ◽  
S.R. Goldman ◽  
N.M. Hoffman ◽  
J.L. Kline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Confinement Fusion ◽  
Laser Facility ◽  
Drive Pulse ◽  
Indirect Drive ◽  
Omega Laser

AbstractImplosions using inertial confinement fusion must be highly symmetric to achieve ignition on the National Ignition Facility. This requires precise control of the drive symmetry from the radiation incident on the ignition capsule. For indirect drive implosions, low mode residual perturbations in the drive are generated by the laser-heated hohlraum geometry. To diagnose the drive symmetry, previous experiments used simulated capsules by which the self-emission X-rays from gas in the center of the capsule during the implosion are used to infer the shape of the drive. However, those experiments used hohlraum radiation temperatures higher than 200 eV (Hauer et al., 1995; Murphy et al., 1998a, 1998b) with small NOVA scale hohlraums under which conditions the symcaps produced large X-ray signals. At the foot of the NIF ignition pulse, where controlling the symmetry has been shown to be crucial for obtaining a symmetric implosion (Clark et al., 2008), the radiation drive is much smaller, reducing the X-ray emission from the imploded capsule. For the first time, the feasibility of using symcaps to diagnose the radiation drive for low radiation temperatures, <120 eV and large 0.7 linear scales NIF Rev3.1 (Haan et al., 2008) vacuum hohlraums is demonstrated. Here we used experiments at the Omega laser facility to demonstrate and develop the symcap technique for tuning the symmetry of the NIF ignition capsule in the foot of the drive pulse.

scholarly journals Very high brightness and power LCLS-II hard X-ray pulses

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliaksei Halavanau ◽  
Franz-Josef Decker ◽  
Claudio Emma ◽  
Jackson Sheppard ◽  
Claudio Pellegrini
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Seed Pulse ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Limited Bandwidth ◽  
Narrow Bandwidth ◽  
Small Bandwidth ◽  
Particle Imaging ◽  
Single Particle Imaging

The feasibility of generating X-ray pulses in the 4–8 keV fundamental photon energy range with 0.65 TW peak power, 15 fs pulse duration and 9 × 10−5 bandwidth using the LCLS-II copper linac and hard X-ray (HXR) undulator is shown. In addition, third-harmonic pulses with 8–12 GW peak power and narrow bandwidth are also generated. High-power and small-bandwidth X-rays are obtained using two electron bunches separated by about 1 ns, one to generate a high-power seed signal, the other to amplify it through the process of the HXR undulator tapering. The bunch delay is compensated by delaying the seed pulse with a four-crystal monochromator. The high-power seed leads to higher output power and better spectral properties, with more than 94% of the X-ray power within the near-transform-limited bandwidth. Some of the experiments made possible by X-ray pulses with these characteristics are discussed, such as single-particle imaging and high-field physics.

scholarly journals Z scaling of collisional Ne-like X-ray lasers using exploding foils: Refraction effects

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jacquemot ◽  
A. Decoster
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Emission ◽  
High Power ◽  
Amplified Spontaneous Emission ◽  
X Rays ◽  
High Power Lasers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Neonlike ions have long been recognized as candidates for producing soft-X-ray lasers along 1s22s22p53p → 1s22s22p53s transitions. A series of experiments using exploding-foil targets driven by high-power lasers was performed at CEL-V and LLNL, and demonstrated amplified spontaneous emission in germanium, selenium, strontium, and molybdenum. We present here simulations of these experiments and discuss the importance of refraction effects on the propagation of the lasing X-rays and on the scaling of this scheme to shorter wavelengths.

A Comparison of Nasal Cytology with Sinus X-Rays for the Diagnosis of Sinusitis

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevin W. Wilson ◽  
Alfredo A. Jalowayski ◽  
Robert N. Hamburger
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
X Rays ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Prospective Comparison ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Nasal Cytology ◽  
Fluid Levels ◽  
Cytology Report

A prospective comparison of nasal cytology with sinus x-rays in 55 patients (35 children and 20 adults) with suspected sinusitis was performed. A sample of the nasal mucosa from the inferior turbinate was obtained with a Rhinoprobe, fixed, and stained with modified Wright-Giemsa. The radiologist and the cytologist were unaware of each other's findings. The x-ray report was considered positive if there was mucoperiosteal thickening, asymmetry, opacification, or air-fluid levels. The cytology report was positive if there was greater than 1 neutrophil per high power field with bacteria present. There was a 79% correlation between the sinus x-rays and nasal cytology reports. Specificity was 0.79 and sensitivity 0.79. When the cytology report was positive with greater than 6 neutrophils per high power field, the x-ray was positive 90% of the time. Two sinus x-rays were uninterpretable by the radiologists. These data indicate that nasal cytology is a safe, noninvasive and useful adjunct in the diagnosis of sinusitis in both adults and children.

scholarly journals Current division between two paralleled X-pinches

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen Zhao ◽  
Xinlei Zhu ◽  
Ran Zhang ◽  
Haiyun Luo ◽  
Xiaobing Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wire Array ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Total Current ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pinch Plasma ◽  
Preset Time ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Z Pinch

AbstractIn order to use two paralleled X-pinches as X-ray sources for the time-resolved backlighting of wire-array Z-pinch plasma, it is necessary to make these two X-pinches emit X-rays at different but roughly preset time instants. The timing of the X-ray burst from an X-pinch independence of the current, and the wire mass of the X-pinch was investigated. The currents flowing through two paralleled X-pinches were measured and it was found that the total current is almost equally divided between these two X-pinches no matter how different the wires for these two X-pinches are. The reason for the equal current division between two paralleled X-pinches was given based on the inductance calculation of the X-pinch circuit.

TXRF with Various Excitation Sources

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (B) ◽  
pp. 925-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wobrauschek ◽  
Peter Kregsamer ◽  
Christina Streli ◽  
Robert Rieder ◽  
Hannes Aiginger
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
High Power ◽  
Spectral Distribution ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Exciting Radiation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Beam Path ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Excitation Conditions

AbstractImproving the detection limits in TXRF by optimizing the excitation conditions is the goal of this work. The properties of the exciting radiation due to spectral distribution, polarisation, intensity and energy are investigated and compared to find best conditions. Results are given from experiments performed with synchrotron radiation, Bragg polarized monoenergetic x-rays, high energy cut-off reflector in the primary beam path of a high power x-ray tube and several geometries for the sample reflector.

scholarly journals Wire array Z-pinch insights for high X-ray power generation

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.W.L. Sanford ◽  
R.C. Mock ◽  
B.M. Marder ◽  
M.P. Desjarlais ◽  
T.J. Nash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wire Array ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Z Pinch

scholarly journals Subpicosecond X-ray diffraction

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Wark ◽  
H. He
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
High Power ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Temporal Response ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Power Lasers ◽  
X Ray

With the advent of ultrashort (subpicosecond) high-power lasers it is now possible to create intense bursts of X-rays with subpicosecond durations. An analysis of the temporal response of diffraction of such X-rays by crystals in both the dynamical and kinematic regime is presented. It is also shown that under certain conditions the temporal resolution can be determined by the response of the crystal.

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