scholarly journals Temporal distribution of the electrical energy on an exploding wire

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Rodríguez Prieto ◽  
Luis Bilbao ◽  
Malena Milanese
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Radial Expansion ◽  
Plasma Expansion ◽  
Metallic Wire ◽  
Plasma Dynamics ◽  
Exploding Wire ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
Wire System

AbstractAn exploding wire system has been experimentally studied by the observation of its plasma dynamics and the electrical energy delivered by the supporting circuit to the metallic wire. Plasma radial expansion has been obtained from visible light streak images, meanwhile electrical energy transfer dynamics was derived from the analysis of voltage and current traces of the exploding wire circuit. In these measurements, a significant portion of the electrical energy has been transferred to the exploding wire circuit during the plasma expansion, and lower limits for the resistivity during the plasma expansion confirm the existence of a central liquid or solid metallic core in addition to the expanding plasma.

scholarly journals Exploding wire energy absorption dynamics at slow current rates

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rodríguez Prieto ◽  
L. Bilbao ◽  
M. Milanese
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Initial Kinetic Energy ◽  
Metallic Wire ◽  
Exploding Wire ◽  
Initial Voltage ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Wire System

AbstractAbsorption of electrical energy provided to a metal wire in an exploding wire system is thought to be terminated or greatly diminished when the plasma is formed, after the joule heating of the metallic wire by the electrical current. Accordingly, it is common to account for the electrical energy delivered to the wire that the integration of current and voltage signals is halted when the voltage peak changes its slope. Usually, this moment is synchronized with the plasma appearance, as detected by optical sensors. In this work, experimental evidence of a two-step electrical energy absorption in an exploding wire surrounded by atmospheric air is presented. During the first step of the energy absorption the plasma is not formed, indicating that the delivered energy is not enough for ionizing the wire, giving place to a dark pause that lasts until a second energy absorption produces a plasma. The delay between the two steps can reach ≈2.2 µs for copper wires of 50 µm diameter charged at an initial voltage of 10 kV. Experimental investigation of variation of the delay between the two steps with different metals, charging voltages, and wire diameters are presented. A relation of the current density with the initial kinetic energy of the plasma and the electrical current rate is devised as a possible explanation of the observed phenomena.

scholarly journals A Sizing Method for PV–Battery–Generator Systems for Off-Grid Applications Based on the LCOE

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1988
Author(s):  
Ioannis E. Kosmadakis ◽  
Costas Elmasides
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Sufficient Power ◽  
Battery Energy

Electricity supply in nonelectrified areas can be covered by distributed renewable energy systems. The main disadvantage of these systems is the intermittent and often unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources. Moreover, the temporal distribution of renewable energy may not match that of energy demand. Systems that combine photovoltaic modules with electrical energy storage (EES) can eliminate the above disadvantages. However, the adoption of such solutions is often financially prohibitive. Therefore, all parameters that lead to a functionally reliable and self-sufficient power generation system should be carefully considered during the design phase of such systems. This study proposes a sizing method for off-grid electrification systems consisting of photovoltaics (PV), batteries, and a diesel generator set. The method is based on the optimal number of PV panels and battery energy capacity whilst minimizing the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for a period of 25 years. Validations against a synthesized load profile produced grid-independent systems backed by different accumulator technologies, with LCOEs ranging from 0.34 EUR/kWh to 0.46 EUR/kWh. The applied algorithm emphasizes a parameter of useful energy as a key output parameter for which the solar harvest is maximized in parallel with the minimization of the LCOE.

Efficiency of Energy Transfer in a Small Plasma Focus Device

2005 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
Dusit Ngamrungroj ◽  
Rattachat Mongkolnavin ◽  
Chiow San Wong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Plasma Focus ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Initial Energy ◽  
Energy Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Plasma Focus Device ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Plasma Dynamics ◽  
Plasma Energy ◽  
Basic Model

A study of energy transfer in a small plasma focus device has been carried out during its axial phase. The snow-plough model has been used in the simulation as a basic model for the calculation of plasma dynamics. The energy transferred to the plasma is calculated by considering the work done by the electromagnetic piston during the axial phase. It was found that the plasma energy calculated by this model agrees well with the experimental data within the pressure range of 1 mbar to 4 mbar if the mass shedding effect is included in the model. According to the present computation, the energy transferred into the plasma, in the case of a plasma focus with 2.3 kJ initial energy operated with nitrogen gas within the pressure range of 1 to 4 mbar, is between 224 J to 250 J. This corresponds to energy transfer efficiency of 9.6% to 10.7%. The mass shedding factor decreases from 0.23 to 0.069 with increasing pressure. Correspondingly, the energy transfer efficiency changes slightly at a higher pressure.

scholarly journals PERANCANGAN SISTEM TRANSFER ENERGI SECARA WIRELESS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK RESONANSI INDUKTIF MEDAN ELEKTROMAGNETIK

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berri M Panggabean ◽  
Herman Halomoan ◽  
Nining Purwasih
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Mutual Inductance ◽  
Receiver Coil ◽  
Power Cable ◽  
Wireless Energy Transfer

Abstrak  Energi listrik merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pokok yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan manusia saat ini, di mana sampai saat ini pengiriman energi listrik komersial tegangan rendah 220 volt masih mempergunakan kabel listrik. Salah satu cara pengiriman atau transfer energi listrik yang terus dikembangkan sampai saat ini adalah transfer energi listrik  wireless.  Transfer energi listrik  wireless  memiliki  beberapa  kelebihan  dibandingkan menggunakan kabel  yaitu  dapat  meningkatkan kenyamanan dalam penggunaan peralatan listrik  dan  dapat mengurangi jumlah sampah elektronik. Metode yang digunakan untuk  transfer energi wireless pada tugas akhir ini menggunakan  teknik  resonansi induktif medan elektromagnetik.  Pengguna membuat  dua buah  kumparan tembaga berbentuk selenoid yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan induktansi bersama. Rangkaian transfer energi listrik wireless terdiri dari dua yaitu rangkaian pengirim dan rangkaian penerima. Rangkaian pengirim terdiri dari rangkaian LC osilasi dan rangkaian penerima merupakan penggabungan beberapa komponen elektronika.  Realisasi alat bekerja dengan baik dengan pengaturan komponen yang sesuai. Namun pengaruh jarak dan sudut kemiringan antar kumparan sangat mempengaruhi nilai energi listrik yang mampu ditransfer. Semakin jauh jarak antar kumparan,  maka semakin kecil energi yang mampu ditrasfer, demikian juga dengan sudut kemiringan kumparan. Semakin miring sudut kumparan penerima, maka semakin kecil energi listrik yang dihasilkan. Kata kunci :  induktansi bersama,   kumparan tembaga, rangkaian pengirim, rangkaian penerima, transfer energi wireless. Abstract  Electrical energy is one of the basic needs that are essential in human life today,  where until today the delivery of electrical energy commercial low voltage 220 volts still using power cable. One way of delivery or transfer of electric energy are constantly being developed to date  is the transfer of electrical energy wireless. Transfer of electrical energy wireless has several advantages over using a cable that can increase comfort in the use of electrical equipment and can reduce the amount of electronic waste. The method used for  wireless energy transfer in this paper uses an resonance techniques inductive electromagnetic field. User create two shaped copper solenoid coils used to generate the mutual inductance. Wireless electrical energy transfer circuit consists of two circuits that the transmitter and receiver circuit. Transmitter circuit consists of a series LC oscillation andreceiver circuit is a merger several electronic components. Realization tool works well with setting the appropriate components. However, the effect of distance and tilt angle between the coil greatly affect the value of the electricity that is able to be transferred. The farther away the distance between the coils, the smaller energy capable to be transfer. as well as the slope angle the coil. The more sloping angle of the receiver coil, the smaller the electric energy is generated.  Key word : mutual inductance, copper coils, transmitter circuit, receiver circuit, wireless energy transfer 

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