scholarly journals A Sizing Method for PV–Battery–Generator Systems for Off-Grid Applications Based on the LCOE

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1988
Author(s):  
Ioannis E. Kosmadakis ◽  
Costas Elmasides
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Sufficient Power ◽  
Battery Energy

Electricity supply in nonelectrified areas can be covered by distributed renewable energy systems. The main disadvantage of these systems is the intermittent and often unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources. Moreover, the temporal distribution of renewable energy may not match that of energy demand. Systems that combine photovoltaic modules with electrical energy storage (EES) can eliminate the above disadvantages. However, the adoption of such solutions is often financially prohibitive. Therefore, all parameters that lead to a functionally reliable and self-sufficient power generation system should be carefully considered during the design phase of such systems. This study proposes a sizing method for off-grid electrification systems consisting of photovoltaics (PV), batteries, and a diesel generator set. The method is based on the optimal number of PV panels and battery energy capacity whilst minimizing the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for a period of 25 years. Validations against a synthesized load profile produced grid-independent systems backed by different accumulator technologies, with LCOEs ranging from 0.34 EUR/kWh to 0.46 EUR/kWh. The applied algorithm emphasizes a parameter of useful energy as a key output parameter for which the solar harvest is maximized in parallel with the minimization of the LCOE.

scholarly journals Future Challenges in Energy Management System for Hybrid Renewable Energy System

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-919
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy System ◽  
Renewable Energy System ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy

Taking into consideration of continuously increasing consumption of the electricity and perturb towards environmental issues, renewable energy sources have been broadly used for generation of electricity. A Hybrid Energy System can be elucidated as systems which consist of various energy sources such as wind, solar, fuel cell, diesel generator and storage systems such as batteries to store energy are integrated and interconnected to satisfy the load energy demand. This paper infers the generation of electricity by utilizing the Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES). This paper presents the modelling and future challenges of the HRES.

scholarly journals The Investigation of Savonius Type and Darrieus H Type Wind Turbine Simulation with Wind Speed Variable

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Wibby Aditya Putra Utama ◽  
Yohandri Bow ◽  
M. Syahirman Yusi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Fan Speed

The demand for electrical energy that continues to increase along with the advancement of civilization and also the increasing number of people as well as the reduced level of fulfillment and availability of non-renewable energy sources, it is necessary to have renewable energy resources that capable of fulfill these energy demand in a more environmental friendly. One of the natural energies that we can use is wind energy, which is easy to get and lasts continuously. This research examines the comparison of the power generated from the vertical axis wind turbine savonius type and darrieus H type. The wind that use in this research get from from the fan. The test is doing by varying the wind speed by adjusting the fan speed. The fan is directed to the wind turbine to rotate the wind turbine. To measure the wind speed produced by the fan, a digital anemometer is used. The result of this research is the relation data of voltage to rpm and voltage to wind speed of wind turbine.

scholarly journals The Evaluating of Wind Energy Potential of Osmaniye

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
C. Kurt ◽  
B. Yelmen ◽  
M. T. Çakir
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Effect ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Wind Potential

In parallel with the rapid increase in energy consumption today, it is known that conventional energy resources will be exhausted in the near future. Renewable energy sources are becoming more important today with decreasing available fossil resources and increasing energy needs. Wind energy is a clean and renewable energy source and has a remarkable importance. Wind energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources, whose technology and use have developed rapidly and their economy has become competitive with fossil energy sources. The systems that convert the energy in the wind into electrical energy are wind turbines. Wind turbines are classified according to their rotational axes, revolutions, powers, number of wings, wind effect, gear characteristics and installation locations. Energy has become one of the most important problems of the world countries today. Energy demand, as in many countries, is increasing with each passing day in Turkey. For this reason, solutions are sought to provide the energy needed in a timely, sufficient and reliable manner. The energy needed in these solution suggestions should be provided from domestic production opportunities and local energy sources as much as possible. In this study, usability of wind energy is tried to be revealed in Osmaniye province and its surroundings. When the wind map studies in Turkey are examined, in Osmaniye Province it has been found that the presence of wind potential, it is necessary to increase the number of WPP to benefit more from the potential of wind energy.

Renewable Energy for Federal Land Management Agencies in Southern Nevada

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd France ◽  
Eric Wiemers ◽  
Stephen E. Butterworth ◽  
Yahia Baghzouz ◽  
Robert F. Boehm
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Las Vegas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Southern Nevada ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Federal Land

The National Park Service, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the USDA Forest Service governmental agencies in southern Nevada have collaborated with the Center for Energy Research at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas to explore the feasibility of becoming energy neutral by 2010. The three federal agencies have set a goal to offset their combined annual energy demand (currently supplied by local utility companies) with an equal amount of power produced by renewable energy sources. The study results indicate that the three federal agencies above consume just over 3,000 megawatt-hours of electrical energy per year in and around the Las Vegas Valley. Upon researching various types of renewable energy, it was determined that wind, geothermal, and biomass technologies either failed to have sufficient resources available in southern Nevada or conflicted with the resource management philosophies of the federal agencies. Solar energy is the most abundant feasible source of renewable energy within the study area, and it was determined that a 1.5 megawatt fixed photovoltaic (PV) system is best suited for this project.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of a Novel Hydrogen-Based Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Both Grid-Tied and Off-Grid Power Supply in Japan: The Case of Fukushima Prefecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Takatsu ◽  
Hooman Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Integrated Simulation ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy System ◽  
Renewable Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy

After the Great East Japan Earthquake, energy security and vulnerability have become critical issues facing the Japanese energy system. The integration of renewable energy sources to meet specific regional energy demand is a promising scenario to overcome these challenges. To this aim, this paper proposes a novel hydrogen-based hybrid renewable energy system (HRES), in which hydrogen fuel can be produced using both the methods of solar electrolysis and supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of biomass feedstock. The produced hydrogen is considered to function as an energy storage medium by storing renewable energy until the fuel cell converts it to electricity. The proposed HRES is used to meet the electricity demand load requirements for a typical household in a selected residential area located in Shinchi-machi in Fukuoka prefecture, Japan. The techno-economic assessment of deploying the proposed systems was conducted, using an integrated simulation-optimization modeling framework, considering two scenarios: (1) minimization of the total cost of the system in an off-grid mode and (2) maximization of the total profit obtained from using renewable electricity and selling surplus solar electricity to the grid, considering the feed-in-tariff (FiT) scheme in a grid-tied mode. As indicated by the model results, the proposed HRES can generate about 47.3 MWh of electricity in all scenarios, which is needed to meet the external load requirement in the selected study area. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of the system in scenarios 1 and 2 was estimated at 55.92 JPY/kWh and 56.47 JPY/kWh, respectively.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of the Investments in Battery Energy Storage Systems: Review and Current Perspectives

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2503
Author(s):  
Paulo Rotella Junior ◽  
Luiz Célio Souza Rocha ◽  
Sandra Naomi Morioka ◽  
Ivan Bolis ◽  
Gianfranco Chicco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Battery Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Battery Energy

Sources such as solar and wind energy are intermittent, and this is seen as a barrier to their wide utilization. The increasing grid integration of intermittent renewable energy sources generation significantly changes the scenario of distribution grid operations. Such operational challenges are minimized by the incorporation of the energy storage system, which plays an important role in improving the stability and the reliability of the grid. This study provides the review of the state-of-the-art in the literature on the economic analysis of battery energy storage systems. The paper makes evident the growing interest of batteries as energy storage systems to improve techno-economic viability of renewable energy systems; provides a comprehensive overview of key methodological possibilities for researchers interested in economic analysis of battery energy storage systems; indicates the need to use adequate economic indicators for investment decisions; and identifies key research topics of the analyzed literature: (i) photovoltaic systems with battery energy storage systems for residential areas, (ii) comparison between energy storage technologies, (iii) power quality improvement. The last key contribution is the proposed research agenda.

scholarly journals Optimal Planning and Operation of a Residential Energy Community under Shared Electricity Incentives

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2045
Author(s):  
Pierpaolo Garavaso ◽  
Fabio Bignucolo ◽  
Jacopo Vivian ◽  
Giulia Alessio ◽  
Michele De Carli
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Optimal Planning

Energy communities (ECs) are becoming increasingly common entities in power distribution networks. To promote local consumption of renewable energy sources, governments are supporting members of ECs with strong incentives on shared electricity. This policy encourages investments in the residential sector for building retrofit interventions and technical equipment renovations. In this paper, a general EC is modeled as an energy hub, which is deemed as a multi-energy system where different energy carriers are converted or stored to meet the building energy needs. Following the standardized matrix modeling approach, this paper introduces a novel methodology that aims at jointly identifying both optimal investments (planning) and optimal management strategies (operation) to supply the EC’s energy demand in the most convenient way under the current economic framework and policies. Optimal planning and operating results of five refurbishment cases for a real multi-family building are found and discussed, both in terms of overall cost and environmental impact. Simulation results verify that investing in building thermal efficiency leads to progressive electrification of end uses. It is demonstrated that the combination of improvements on building envelope thermal performances, photovoltaic (PV) generation, and heat pump results to be the most convenient refurbishment investment, allowing a 28% overall cost reduction compared to the benchmark scenario. Furthermore, incentives on shared electricity prove to stimulate higher renewable energy source (RES) penetration, reaching a significant reduction of emissions due to decreased net energy import.

scholarly journals Lighting System Modernization as a Source of Green Energy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2771
Author(s):  
Leszek Kotulski ◽  
Artur Basiura ◽  
Igor Wojnicki ◽  
Sebastian Siuchta
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Lighting Retrofit

The use of formal methods and artificial intelligence has made it possible to automatically design outdoor lighting. Quick design for large cities, in a matter of hours instead of weeks, and analysis of various optimization criteria enables to save energy and tune profit stream from lighting retrofit. Since outdoor lighting is of a large scale, having luminaires on every street in urban areas, and since it needs to be retrofitted every 10 to 15 years, choosing proper parameters and light sources leads to significant energy savings. This paper presents the concept and calculations of Levelized Cost of Electricity for outdoor lighting retrofit. It is understood as cost of energy savings, it is in the range from 23.06 to 54.64 EUR/MWh, based on real-world cases. This makes street and road lighting modernization process the best green “energy source” if compared with the 2018 Fraunhofer Institute cost of electricity renewable energy technologies ranking. This indicates that investment in lighting retrofit is more economically and ecologically viable than investment in new renewable energy sources.

Power Cycles of Generation III and III+ Nuclear Power Plants

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Dragunov ◽  
Eugene Saltanov ◽  
Igor Pioro ◽  
Pavel Kirillov ◽  
Romney Duffey
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power Plants

It is well known that the electrical-power generation is the key factor for advances in any other industries, agriculture and level of living. In general, electrical energy can be generated by: 1) non-renewable-energy sources such as coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear; and 2) renewable-energy sources such as hydro, wind, solar, biomass, geothermal and marine. However, the main sources for electrical-energy generation are: 1) thermal - primary coal and secondary natural gas; 2) “large” hydro and 3) nuclear. The rest of the energy sources might have visible impact just in some countries. Modern advanced thermal power plants have reached very high thermal efficiencies (55–62%). In spite of that they are still the largest emitters of carbon dioxide into atmosphere. Due to that, reliable non-fossil-fuel energy generation, such as nuclear power, becomes more and more attractive. However, current Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) are way behind by thermal efficiency (30–42%) compared to that of advanced thermal power plants. Therefore, it is important to consider various ways to enhance thermal efficiency of NPPs. The paper presents comparison of thermodynamic cycles and layouts of modern NPPs and discusses ways to improve their thermal efficiencies.

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