The Silurian myodocope ostracodeEntomozoefrom the Pentland Hills, Scotland: its taxonomic, ecological and phylogenetic significance and the affinity of the bolbozoid myodocopes

1990 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Siveter ◽  
Jean M. C. Vannier
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Soft Part ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Phylogenetic Significance ◽  
Taxonomic Affinity ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
New Type ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTThe monotypic ostracodeEntomozoe(pro Entomis) (Superorder Myodocopa) from the Silurian of Scotland, type genus of the Entomozoidae, is revised for the first time since being established in 1861. Based on the type and new collections ofEntomozoe tuberosa(Jones, 1861), the genus shows affinity to bolbozoid myodocopes rather than to forms hitherto universally considered as ‘typical’ entomozoid myodocopes. The families Entomozoidae and Bolbozoidae are considered synonymous. In the interests of stability of nomenclature, in particular to preserve the traditionally understood usage of the taxon Entomozoidae, a case must be made to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to set aside any previous designations and to establish a new type-species forEntomozoe.Entomozoe, from the Llandovery Series, is the earliest known myodocope in the fossil record. It occurs as part of a low diversity, shallow water, nearshore assemblage. In contrast to other, but younger, Silurian bolbozoid myodocopes, it is probably a benthic form. The differences in the anterior shell morphology of Silurian bolbozoid taxa possibly reflect changes both in soft-part morphology and from benthic to pelagic lifestyles within the group.Both bolbozoid and ‘entomozoid’ myodocopes are assigned to the Order Myodocopida rather than to the Order Halocypridida, though the taxonomic affinity of the ‘entomozoids’ is, at best, uncertain.

scholarly journals A Silurian myodocope with preserved soft-parts: cautioning the interpretation of the shell-based ostracod record

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1752) ◽  
pp. 20122664 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Siveter ◽  
Derek E. G. Briggs ◽  
Derek J. Siveter ◽  
Mark D. Sutton ◽  
Sarah C. Joomun
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Soft Part ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Fifth Limb

Ostracod crustaceans are the most abundant fossil arthropods. The Silurian Pauline avibella gen. et sp. nov., from the Herefordshire Lagerstätte, UK, is an extremely rare Palaeozoic example with soft-part preservation. Based on its soft-part morphology, especially the exceptionally preserved limbs and presence of lateral eyes, it is assigned to the myodocopid myodocopes. The ostracod is very large, with an epipod on the fifth limb pair, as well as gills implying the presence of a heart and an integrated respiratory–circulatory system as in living cylindroleberidid myodocopids. Features of its shell morphology, however, recall halocyprid myodocopes and palaeocopes, encouraging caution in classifying ostracods based on the carapace alone and querying the interpretation of their shell-based fossil record, especially for the Palaeozoic, where some 500 genera are presently assigned to the Palaeocopida.

scholarly journals Gladius-bearing coleoids from the Upper Cretaceous Lebanese Lagerstätten: diversity, morphology, and phylogenetic implications

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Jattiot ◽  
Arnaud Brayard ◽  
Emmanuel Fara ◽  
Sylvain Charbonnier
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Soft Part ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Cretaceous Period ◽  
First Time ◽  
One New Species

AbstractGladius-bearing coleoids are rare in the fossil record. For the Cretaceous period, these cephalopods are mainly recorded in a few Lagerstätten in Lebanon (Haqel, Hajoula, En Nammoura, and Sahel Aalma). Here, we study 16 specimens of gladius-bearing coleoids from these Upper Cretaceous Lebanese Lagerstätten to investigate their taxonomic diversity. Besides two species that were already reported (Dorateuthis syriacaandGlyphiteuthis libanotica), one new species is identified in the Cenomanian site of Hajoula:Rachiteuthis acutalin. sp., as well as another form ofGlyphiteuthisfrom En Nammoura. Several studied specimens exhibit well-preserved soft-part characters. Among them, we document for the first time two transverse rows of sessile suckers inD.syriacaand we confirm the absence of tentacles, as well as the presence of a crop in this species. This strongly supports the phylogenetic proximity ofD.syriacawith modern vampyropods rather than with modern decabrachians. In turn, the similarity in gladius morphology between this taxon and modern squids is regarded as convergent.

scholarly journals Checklist of Gymnotiformes (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi) and catalogue of primary types

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Ferraris Jr ◽  
Carlos David de Santana ◽  
Richard P. Vari
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Electric Fishes

ABSTRACT A list of all valid names of species of Neotropical electric fishes (Gymnotiformes) is presented herein. The list is arranged by family and genus and includes all available synonyms. The list is comprehensive through 2016 and includes 240 valid species distributed among 34 genera and five families, including one monotypic genus known only from the fossil record. The presented classification reflects recently published interpretations about the validity of the included names which, in general, are widely accepted. When the validity of a particular name is disputed in recent literature, we followed one of the published interpretations and provide relevant information on the alternate interpretation(s) in the remarks section of that name. Synonymies of some names need to be considered tentative, inasmuch as the types underlying those names are either absent or appear to be based on more than one taxon. First reviser actions (e.g., lectotype and neotype designations, resolution of simultaneous synonyms, etc.) are reported and include erroneous subsequent attempts at problem resolutions. Herein, we include one new first reviser action by selecting Gymnotus aequilabiatus Humboldt, 1805, as type species of Sternopygus because previous attempts to select a type did not follow the provisions of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

A revision of the genus Synechocera deyrolle (Coleoptera : Buprestidae : Agrilinae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
CL Bellamy
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Type ◽  
First Time ◽  
Original Type

The genus Synechocera is revised for the first time. Ten species are recognised as valid, with five described as new: S. bicolor, S. brooksi, S. burnsi, S. parvipennis and S. queenslandica. Synonymy is proposed for S. longior under S. tasmanica. S. tasmanica is designated as the new type-species, because of the ambiguous nature of the original type-species, Buprestis deplanus. Lectotypes are designated for S. albohrrta and S. elongata. Aphanisticus occidentalis is transferred to Paracephala. Previously described species are treated diagnostically; new species are fully described; all species are illustrated and a key is presented for their separation. The biology of S. tasmanica is discussed and both the larva and pupa are illustrated.

scholarly journals A taxonomic review of the Norwegian species of Raphitoma (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Raphitomidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Høisæter
Keyword(s):  
Soft Part ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
Observable Behaviour ◽  
First Time

<p>The problematic conoidean genus <em>Raphitoma</em> s.l. in inshore Norwegian waters is revised based on fresh material from all along the coast of Norway. This largely shallow water group is represented by at least six species in Norwegian waters of which two, <em>Raphitoma obesa</em> n.sp. and <em>R. maculosa</em> n.sp. are described as new, and another <em>Raphitoma aequalis</em> (Jeffreys, 1867) is reported from Norway for the first time. The taxonomic and nomenclatural status of <em>R. reticulata</em> (sensu Jeffreys 1867) and <em>R. asperrima</em> (sensu Forbes &amp; Hanley 1853) are discussed. Empty shells of several additional species indicate that the number of <em>Raphitoma</em>-species living in the North East Atlantic will be further increased in the future. The morphological variability of each species is described if possible. Shell morphology, including microsculpture and protoconch details as deduced from LM photographs, are used for distinguishing the species. Some easily observable behaviour and soft part morphology features were found to be<br />promising areas for further studies.</p>

scholarly journals Belinurus Bronn, 1839 (Chelicerata, Xiphosura) has priority over Bellinurus Pictet, 1846

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
James C. Lamsdell ◽  
Matthew E. Clapham
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
Horseshoe Crabs ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Complete History

In the first half of the nineteenth century, a marked shift occurred in our understanding and treatment of the chelicerate fossil record, with the differentiation and recognition of entirely extinct genera for the first time. At the heart of this taxonomic revolution were the Eurypterida (sea scorpions) and Xiphosura (horseshoe crabs), although both groups were in fact considered crustaceans until Lankester's (1881) seminal comparative anatomical study of the extant xiphosuran Limulus Müller, 1785 and modern scorpions. The oldest available eurypterid genus is Eurypterus deKay, 1825; the oldest available fossil arachnid genus name is that of the scorpion Cyclophthalmus Corda, 1835. However, there has been considerable historical confusion over the oldest available fossil xiphosuran genus name, which has been recognized alternately as Belinurus König (with a publication date of either 1820 or 1851) or the synonymous Bellinurus Pictet, 1846. Most recent treatments (e.g., Selden and Siveter, 1987; Anderson and Selden, 1997; Anderson et al., 1997; Lamsdell, 2016, 2021; Bicknell and Pates, 2020) have favored Bellinurus Pictet, 1846 as the available name; however, Haug and Haug (2020) recently argued that Belinurus König, 1820 is valid and has priority, a position then followed by Lamsdell (2020), prompting a reinvestigation of the taxonomic history of the genus. Upon review, it is clear that neither of the previously recognized authorities for Belinurus are accurate and that the two candidate type species for each genus are, in fact, synonyms. Given the convoluted and at times almost illogical history of the competing names, along with the most recent controversy as to which has priority, we present a complete history of the treatment of the genus to resolve the issue.

Reevaluation of the type species and redescription of five species of Edessa (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Edessinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4347 (2) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
VALERIA JULIETE DA SILVA ◽  
DAVID A. RIDER ◽  
JOSE ANTONIO MARIN FERNANDES
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
New Record ◽  
Type Species ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae ◽  
First Time

In accordance with the rules in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the type species for the genus Edessa Fabricius, 1803 is now recognized to be Cimex antilope Fabricius, 1798 rather than the previously recognized Cimex cervus Fabricius, 1787. Edessa antilope is redescribed, as well as the following four species that have in the past been related or compared to E. antilope: E. arabs (Linnaeus, 1758) from French Guiana, Costa Rica and Panama (new record), E. helix Erichson, 1848 from Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Suriname (new record), Guyana, Brazil (new record), Bolivia (new record) and Argentina (new record), E. ibex Breddin, 1903 from Costa Rica, Panama (new record), Ecuador, Brazil (new record), Peru and Bolivia (new record), and E. taurina Stål, 1862 from Mexico, Guatemala, Belize (new record), Honduras (new record). The distribution of Edessa antilope is expanded to Venezuela. The female of E. antilope and the male of E. taurina are described for the first time. Edessa antilope is removed from the synonymy of E. arabs and reinstated as valid species; additionally, E. costalis Stål, 1872 is removed from the synonym of E. helix and is placed as a junior synonym of E. antilope. Edessa saiga Breddin, 1903 is considered a junior synonym of E. ibex. Lectotypes are designated for all species. A key is provided for the identification of the species. 

Darwin's two competing phylogenetic trees: marsupials as ancestors or sister taxa?

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Archibald
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Charles Lyell ◽  
Single Origin ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Richard Owen ◽  
First Time

Studies of the origin and diversification of major groups of plants and animals are contentious topics in current evolutionary biology. This includes the study of the timing and relationships of the two major clades of extant mammals – marsupials and placentals. Molecular studies concerned with marsupial and placental origin and diversification can be at odds with the fossil record. Such studies are, however, not a recent phenomenon. Over 150 years ago Charles Darwin weighed two alternative views on the origin of marsupials and placentals. Less than a year after the publication of On the origin of species, Darwin outlined these in a letter to Charles Lyell dated 23 September 1860. The letter concluded with two competing phylogenetic diagrams. One showed marsupials as ancestral to both living marsupials and placentals, whereas the other showed a non-marsupial, non-placental as being ancestral to both living marsupials and placentals. These two diagrams are published here for the first time. These are the only such competing phylogenetic diagrams that Darwin is known to have produced. In addition to examining the question of mammalian origins in this letter and in other manuscript notes discussed here, Darwin confronted the broader issue as to whether major groups of animals had a single origin (monophyly) or were the result of “continuous creation” as advocated for some groups by Richard Owen. Charles Lyell had held similar views to those of Owen, but it is clear from correspondence with Darwin that he was beginning to accept the idea of monophyly of major groups.

A Relationship Between the Factor Indivisibility and the Output Elasticity of the Indivisible Factor

2021 ◽  
pp. 232102222098516
Author(s):  
Dipankar Das
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Limit Point ◽  
Mathematical Proof ◽  
Wage Equation ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Output Elasticity ◽  
New Type ◽  
First Time ◽  
Jel Classifications

The paper puts forth a notion and derives a special type of production function where labour is an indivisible factor and is in the integer space. Thus, Newtonian calculus is not an appropriate method of deriving the marginal value because limit point does not exist. This shows that indivisibility determines the output elasticity. In the first part, the paper propounds a notion regarding how indivisibility determines curvature of the production function. In the second part, the paper incorporates the findings within a production function and derives a new type accordingly. Moreover, it formally derives the standard wage equation considering all the entitlements of labour, namely (a) normal wages, (b) interest and (c) rent of ability. So far, no such mathematical proof is there to support this wage composition. This paper, for the first time, derives this wage equation considering indivisibility of labour. JEL Classifications: J23, J24, J31, D24, C61, E24, L8

Taxonomic revision of Cylindera Westwood, 1831 subgenus Parmecus Motschulsky, 1864 stat. rest., stat. nov. (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) with the description of one new species from Yunnan Province, China

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4706 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-70
Author(s):  
ANDREY V. MATALIN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Tiger Beetle ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Chinese Province ◽  
First Time ◽  
One New Species

Within the Asiatic tiger beetle fauna, Parmecus Motschulsky, 1864 stat. rest., stat. nov., is reestablished as a subgenus of Cylindera Westwood, 1831 with Cylindera (Parmecus) dromicoides (Chaudoir, 1852), as its type species, and the lectotype and paralectotypes of Cicindela dromicoides Chaudoir, 1852 are designated as well. Two other species are included, Cylindera (Parmecus) armandi (Fairmaire, 1886), from the Himalayan Region, and Cylindera (Parmecus) mosuoa, sp. nov., from Yunnan, China. Cylindera (Parmecus) as a subgenus is characterized, a key to identify its species is provided, and its species composition is discussed. Cylindera (Parmecus) dromicoides (Chaudoir, 1852) is newly recorded from Pakistan and the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, while Cylindera (Parmecus) armandi (Fairmaire, 1886) is recorded for the first time from the Chinese province of Sichuan. The records of C. armandi from Bhutan, as well as C. dromicoides from Yunnan Province (China) are rejected due to erroneous identifications. 

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