Remarks on donor support to animal production research

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
C. G. Ndiritu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Livestock Products

AbstractIn spite of being the home of a significant number of the world's flocks and herds, the productivity per head and per ha of the livestock sector in sub-Saharan Africa continues to be so low that the total output does not meet the domestic demand. Indeed, there is evidence that there has been little or no increase in output of animal products in this region during the 1980s. On the other hand, the human population has increased at a rate of more than 3% per annum. This has been associated with an escalating demand for food thus adding pressure on natural resources which are already threatened.There is therefore a need for technical innovations to increase output of livestock products to at least a level of self-sufficiency. This increase must be obtained in a manner which is consistent with protection of the environment and conservation of natural resources for sustainable performance.In this endeavour to develop technologies to support the livestock industries, developing countries of Africa are faced with inadequate resources to carry out research programmes, addressing a multiplicity of produciton problems. Towards this end, the donor countries have contributed resources including capital goods, technical assistance, operational finance for agreed projects and manpower development. However it is important that the national scientists are involved in the conceptualization, formulation and implementation of research programmes. The donor inputs are therefore expended in execution of projects generated by the local personnel. In this connexion, it is hoped that the level of support will be increased and sustained for a reasonable period to bear impact at the farm level. However it should be noted that research alone cannot bring about increase in output of meat and milk, etc. Rather the new technology from research is one of the inputs which must be mixed with other inputs to improve production.

scholarly journals Health technology assessment in sub-Saharan Africa: a descriptive analysis and narrative synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Hollingworth ◽  
Ama Pokuaa Fenny ◽  
Su-Yeon Yu ◽  
Francis Ruiz ◽  
Kalipso Chalkidou
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are moving towards universal health coverage. The process of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) can support decisions relating to benefit package design and service coverage. HTA involves institutional cooperation with agreed methods and procedural standards. We systematically reviewed the literature on policies and capacity building to support HTA institutionalisation in SSA. Methods We systematically reviewed the literature by searching major databases (PubMed, Embase, etc.) until June 2019 using terms considering three aspects: HTA; health policy, decision making; and SSA. We quantitatively extracted and descriptively analysed content and conducted a narrative synthesis eliciting themes from the selected literature, which varied in study type and apporach. Results Half of the 49 papers identified were primary research studies and mostly qualitative. Five countries were represented in six of ten studies; South Africa, Ghana, Uganda, Cameroon, and Ethiopia. Half of first authors were from SSA. Most informants were policy makers. Five themes emerged: (1) use of HTA; (2) decision-making in HTA; (3) values and criteria for setting priority areas in HTA; (4) involving stakeholders in HTA; and (5) specific examples of progress in HTA in SSA. The first one was the main theme where there was little use of evidence and research in making policy. The awareness of HTA and economic evaluation was low, with inadequate expertise and a lack of local data and tools. Conclusions Despite growing interest in HTA in SSA countries, awareness remains low and HTA-related activities are uncoordinated and often disconnected from policy. Further training and skills development are needed, firmly linked to a strategy focusing on strengthening within-country partnerships, particularly among researchers and policy makers. The international community has an important role here by supporting policy- relevant technical assistance, highlighting that sustainable financing demands evidence-based processes for effective resource allocation, and catalysing knowledge-sharing opportunities among countries facing similar challenges.

scholarly journals Implications of Governance, Natural Resources, and Security Threats on Economic Development: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6236
Author(s):  
Husam Rjoub ◽  
Chuka Uzoma Ifediora ◽  
Jamiu Adetola Odugbesan ◽  
Benneth Chiemelie Iloka ◽  
João Xavier Rita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Sub Saharan

Sub-Saharan African countries are known to be bedeviled with some challenges hindering the economic development. Meanwhile, some of these issues have not been exhaustively investigated in the context of the region. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the implications of government effectiveness, availability of natural resources, and security threats on the regions’ economic development. Yearly data, spanning from 2007 to 2020, was converted from low frequency (yearly) to high frequency (quarterly) and utilized. Data analysis was conducted using Dynamic heterogeneous panel level estimators (PMG and CS-ARDL). Findings show that while PMG estimator confirms a long-run causal effect of governance, natural resources, and security threats on economic development, only natural resources show a short-run causal effect with economic development, while the CS-ARDL (model 2) confirms the significance of all the variables both in the long and short-run. Moreover, the ECT coefficients for both models were found to be statistically significant at less than 1% significance level, which indicates that the systems return back to equilibrium in case of a shock that causes disequilibrium, and in addition, reveals a stable long-run cointegration among the variables in the model. Finally, this study suggests that the policy makers in SSA countries should place more emphasis on improving governance, managing security challenges, and effectively utilizing rents from the natural resources, as all these have severe implications for the economic development of the region if not addressed.

A Review of Turkey's Economic Progress in Sub-Saharan Africa

2016 ◽  
pp. 310-323
Author(s):  
Umar Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Economic Engagement ◽  
Trade And Investment

Africa is one of the fastest growing regions on the globe and is home to seven of the ten fastest growing markets in the world. Sub-Saharan Africa in particular has many natural resources which has made it a hub for international trade. Turkey's search for alternative market to accelerate the development of its emerging markets has led to its economic engagement in sub-Saharan Africa. However, much has not been written on Turkey's inroads in that part of the continent. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review the progress of Turkey's trade and investment in sub Saharan Africa. It indicates that Turkey in the past didn't have much economic relationships with Sub Saharan Africa as compared to Northern Africa. Whilst the volume of Turkey's trade and investment in Sub- Saharan Africa keeps uprising, there are some limitations and difficulties to this partnership such as informational gap on both sides.

scholarly journals Review of African swine fever : transmission, spread and control : review article

2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M-L. Penrith ◽  
W. Vosloo
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
New Technology ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Control ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Pig Husbandry

African swine fever is one of the most important and serious diseases of domestic pigs. Its highly contagious nature and ability to spread over long distances make it one of the most feared diseases, since its devastating effects on pig production have been experienced not only in most of sub-Saharan Africa but also in western Europe, the Caribbean, Brazil and, most recently, the Caucasus. Unlike most diseases of livestock, there is no vaccine, and therefore prevention relies entirely upon preventing contact between the virus and the susceptible host. In order to do so it is necessary to understand the way in which the virus is transmitted and spreads. By implementing strict biosecurity measures that place barriers between the source of virus and the pigs it is possible to prevent infection. However, this has implications for free-ranging pig husbandry systems that are widespread in developing countries. Attempts to produce a vaccine are ongoing and new technology offers some hope for the future, but this will not remove the necessity for implementing adequate biosecurity on pig farms.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on livestock production: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
T. S. Olugbemi ◽  
E. A. Salihu
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Réglementation Gouvernementale ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Processing And Storage

The novel COVID-19 pandemic came with its swindling effect on all sectors of the economy and the livestock sector is not spared. Its impact on livestock production and value chain in Nigeria as in many other countries of the world cannot be overemphasized and can be best understood from the decline in agricultural and other related economic activities, which were brought to almost a total halt during the pandemic. The lockdown policy instituted by various governments affected local and national food production as farmers could not go to their farmlands. Livestock and related products production and prices were impaired. The lockdown also affected the transportation of livestock, livestock products and livestock feed from farms and industries to the market, and across inter-state borders. COVID-19 threatens many sectors of the economy, resulting in hunger especially in developing countries, reduces animal products' consumption, livestock, livestock farmers and livestock value chain actors suffered a great deal with farmers making less gain resulting from reduced consumption of animal products, and many others lost their jobs from reduced production. There is need for creation of channels for adequate marketing of livestock and products, provision of processing and storage facilities, government, Non Governmental Organizations and individuals should invest in livestock production and research through grants and sponsorships to sustain the industry. Measures should be put in place to facilitate farmer's participation in government regulations on enforcing biosecurity, health standards, disease monitoring, and surveillance practices.     La nouvelle pandémie COVID-19 est venue avec son effet d'escroquerie sur tous les secteurs de l'économie et le secteur de bétail n'est pas épargné. Son impact sur la production animale et la chaîne de valeur au Nigéria comme dans de nombreux autres pays du monde ne peut être surestimé et peut être mieux compris à partir du déclin des activités agricoles et autres activités économiques connexes, qui ont été pratiquement arrêtées pendant la pandémie. La politique de verrouillage instituée par divers gouvernements a affecté la production alimentaire locale et nationale car les agriculteurs ne pouvaient pas accéder à leurs terres agricoles. La production et les prix du bétail et des produits connexes ont été dégradés. Le verrouillage a également affecté le transport du bétail, des produits de l'élevage et des aliments du bétail depuis les fermes et les industries jusqu'au marché, et à travers les frontières interétatiques. Le COVID-19 menace de nombreux secteurs de l'économie, entraînant la faim en particulier dans les pays en développement, réduit la consommation de produits animaux, le bétail, les éleveurs et les acteurs de la chaîne de valeur de l'élevage ont beaucoup souffert, les agriculteurs réalisant moins de gains résultant de la réduction de la consommation de produits animaux, et de nombreux autres ont perdu leur emploi en raison de la réduction de la production. Il est nécessaire de créer des canaux pour une commercialisation adéquate du bétail et des produits, la fourniture d'installations de transformation et de stockage, le gouvernement, les organisations non gouvernementales et les particuliers devraient investir dans la production animale et la recherche par le biais de subventions et de parrainages pour soutenir l'industrie. Des mesures devraient être mises en place pour faciliter la participation des agriculteurs à la réglementation gouvernementale sur l'application de la biosécurité, les normes sanitaires, le suivi des maladies et les pratiques de surveillance.

scholarly journals Strategic accountability for sustainability of natural resources – public discharge and optimism in sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Tetteh Asare ◽  
Bruce Burton ◽  
Theresa Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Institutional Legitimacy ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Government ◽  
Accountability Practices

Purpose This study aims to explore individual perceptions about how the government, as the main architect of policies and regulations, discharges strategic accountability in Ghana’s oil and gas sector and, in so doing, promotes resource sustainability. Design/methodology/approach The study reports on a series of interviews with key actors using institutional theory as a lens for discussion and interpretation of results. This approach forms the basis for a number of specific contributions to knowledge regarding strategic accountability around natural resource discoveries. Findings Whilst many deeply-set problems appear to persist, the paper reports some favourable movement in public perceptions regarding institutional accountability that has not been identified previously. The empirical findings demonstrate how the three elements of institutional theory work together in an emerging country’s natural resource industry to drive a potentially holistic strategic institutional legitimacy, contrary to the existing pervasive picture of detrimental regulative, normative and cognitive institutionalism found within the region. Practical implications The findings suggest that, contrary to existing regional evidence regarding institutional financial accountability practices around natural resources, Ghana has made favourable strides in terms of strategic accountability discharge. This discovery implies that with persistence and commitment, a meaningful degree of intelligent strategic accountability can be achieved and, with appropriate empirical methodology, identified and rationalised. Social implications The persistent coercive pressure from the Ghanaian society that caused the government to listen to overtime and take positive steps in the institutionalisation of their strategic accountability process which translated into a holistic institutional legitimacy that has eluded the sub-region for decades, is a glimmer of hope for other societies within the sub-Saharan region that all is not lost. Originality/value The paper suggests an empirically driven approach to understanding the institutionalisation of strategic accountability practices and their impact on sustainability around natural resources in sub-Saharan Africa. The focus on the strategic aspect of accountability – rather than the financial as in most prior work – and the consideration of opinions at more than a single point in time permits the identification of novel evidence regarding accountability in emerging economies.

scholarly journals The role of technical assistance in expanding access to Xpert® MTB/RIF: experience in sub-Saharan Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Umubyeyi ◽  
F. Bonsu ◽  
R. Chimzizi ◽  
S. Jemal ◽  
M. Melese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan
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