scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on livestock production: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
T. S. Olugbemi ◽  
E. A. Salihu
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Réglementation Gouvernementale ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Processing And Storage

The novel COVID-19 pandemic came with its swindling effect on all sectors of the economy and the livestock sector is not spared. Its impact on livestock production and value chain in Nigeria as in many other countries of the world cannot be overemphasized and can be best understood from the decline in agricultural and other related economic activities, which were brought to almost a total halt during the pandemic. The lockdown policy instituted by various governments affected local and national food production as farmers could not go to their farmlands. Livestock and related products production and prices were impaired. The lockdown also affected the transportation of livestock, livestock products and livestock feed from farms and industries to the market, and across inter-state borders. COVID-19 threatens many sectors of the economy, resulting in hunger especially in developing countries, reduces animal products' consumption, livestock, livestock farmers and livestock value chain actors suffered a great deal with farmers making less gain resulting from reduced consumption of animal products, and many others lost their jobs from reduced production. There is need for creation of channels for adequate marketing of livestock and products, provision of processing and storage facilities, government, Non Governmental Organizations and individuals should invest in livestock production and research through grants and sponsorships to sustain the industry. Measures should be put in place to facilitate farmer's participation in government regulations on enforcing biosecurity, health standards, disease monitoring, and surveillance practices.     La nouvelle pandémie COVID-19 est venue avec son effet d'escroquerie sur tous les secteurs de l'économie et le secteur de bétail n'est pas épargné. Son impact sur la production animale et la chaîne de valeur au Nigéria comme dans de nombreux autres pays du monde ne peut être surestimé et peut être mieux compris à partir du déclin des activités agricoles et autres activités économiques connexes, qui ont été pratiquement arrêtées pendant la pandémie. La politique de verrouillage instituée par divers gouvernements a affecté la production alimentaire locale et nationale car les agriculteurs ne pouvaient pas accéder à leurs terres agricoles. La production et les prix du bétail et des produits connexes ont été dégradés. Le verrouillage a également affecté le transport du bétail, des produits de l'élevage et des aliments du bétail depuis les fermes et les industries jusqu'au marché, et à travers les frontières interétatiques. Le COVID-19 menace de nombreux secteurs de l'économie, entraînant la faim en particulier dans les pays en développement, réduit la consommation de produits animaux, le bétail, les éleveurs et les acteurs de la chaîne de valeur de l'élevage ont beaucoup souffert, les agriculteurs réalisant moins de gains résultant de la réduction de la consommation de produits animaux, et de nombreux autres ont perdu leur emploi en raison de la réduction de la production. Il est nécessaire de créer des canaux pour une commercialisation adéquate du bétail et des produits, la fourniture d'installations de transformation et de stockage, le gouvernement, les organisations non gouvernementales et les particuliers devraient investir dans la production animale et la recherche par le biais de subventions et de parrainages pour soutenir l'industrie. Des mesures devraient être mises en place pour faciliter la participation des agriculteurs à la réglementation gouvernementale sur l'application de la biosécurité, les normes sanitaires, le suivi des maladies et les pratiques de surveillance.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impacts of COVID 19 on Livestock Production, Market Value Chain and Health Practices at Selected Districts of East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geremew Haile ◽  
Eyob Hirpa ◽  
Morka Amante ◽  
Lema Yimer ◽  
Walkite Furgasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Market Value Chain ◽  
Animal Health Services

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a newly discovered strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) around the end of December 2019, has had a significant impact on many sectors at global, regional and national levels, including the livestock sector. A questionnaire survey and observational study were carried out from September 2020 to November 2020 with the aim of assessing the impacts of COVID 19 crisis on livestock farming practices, market value chain, animal health care services and human perception towards consumption of livestock products in selected districts of East Wollega zone. Small scale farmers, abattoirs workers, consumers, private sectors involved in the production, processing and distribution of livestock products, hotel owners and veterinarians were purposively selected for this study. According to the present survey the pandemic's has had negative impact on livestock production, market value chain and animal health care practices. Based on the survey 365 (91.25%) respondents agreed as the pandemic was the major challenge on livestock farming practices. The assessment shows that COVID 19 created worst 270 (67.5%) and high impact 75 (18.75%) while about 17 (4%) respondents said the disease has little impact. The major reason mentioned were measures taken by the government such as lockdown, economic decline, low number of manpower due to calls to stay at home and social distance. Observational study indicated that dairy shops, meat shops, and local abattoirs, hotels and restaurants were totally/partially closed especially during the first 6 months of the pandemic. The average monthly income from livestock and their products showed about 60.93% shortfalls (from 1,130,500 birr to 688,800 birr). With regard to consumer perception there was low demand for livestock products such as meat and dairy products and about 164 (41%) respondents were avoiding the consumption of animal-sourced foods mainly due to the perceived disease risk. Regarding animal health services, about 89.75% (365/400) respondents agreed as COVID 19 has indirect impact on the health of animals. The most important animal health constraints during this pandemic were unusual preventive practices such as vaccination and deworming, scarcity of drugs at veterinary clinic, low number of veterinarians and inability to cover cost of drugs and personnel. The present study suggest that the pandemic's impact on the livestock production, product supply chain and animal health services might be continue which will have significant effect on the sustainability of livestock production systems and contribution of livestock subsectors on the house hold and national economy and global food security. It is therefore, essential that the government and other concerned body should give attention to the livestock sector to mitigate the impacts of the disease.

scholarly journals Devastating impacts of flood disaster among rural households in Benue State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
R. K. Jiriko ◽  
E. N. Mbah ◽  
N. E. Amah
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Drainage Channels

The study was carried out to determine devastating impacts of flood disaster among rural households in Benue State, Nigeria. Questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 145 respondents used for the study. Data collected for the study were analyzed using mean score. Findings indicated that the major causes of flood disaster were poor level of public awareness campaign on flood hazard (x –=2.00), increased impermeability due to urbanization (x –=2.00), overflowing dams (x –=2.00), building on water ways and drainage channels (x –=2.00), flood plain being occupied by human settlement and economic activities (x –=1.41), blockage of flood path with sediment deposit (x –=1.31) and increase in rainfall (x –=1.30). Rendering of rural dwellers homeless (x –=2.47), fills homes with dirty water and refuse (x –=2.43), blockage of road networks (x –=2.42), disruption of economic activities (x –=2.40), destruction of farmlands (x –=2.40), increase in household food insecurity (x –=2.35), destruction of crops and livestock (x –=2.30), damages stored farm produce (x –=2.24) and loss of lives and property (x –=2.12) were effects of flood disaster on rural households. Based on the findings of the study, there arises the need for government at all levels and non-governmental organizations to intensify efforts in creation of awareness for people living in flood prone areas to relocate to a safer place in order to avoid loss of life and disruption of economic activities.

scholarly journals Factor shares analysis of livestock products in selected areas of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
Md Mamun Or Islam ◽  
M Kamruzzaman ◽  
Md Kaosar Niaz Bin Sufian
Keyword(s):  
Livestock Production ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Family Labor ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Hired Labor ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Factor Shares

A study was undertaken to assess the contribution of different inputs such as feed, labor veterinary services and depreciation cost etc. to the development of livestock sector including poultry in the study area. The factor shares of livestock products was estimated based on the primary data for the periods of April to July, 2012.The factor shares of livestock production suggested that current factors (Feed, hired labor, veterinary services and other inputs) and family labor was the major component in the livestock production. Traditional milk producing farmers in Gazipur were not benefited from their farming due to residual share was negative (-11.15%). For commercial milk production, on an average the largest share current factors (60.54 percent) followed by residual (28.1 percent), family labor (6.63 percent), depreciation (4.74 percent), respectively and residual share was positive. Production of beef cattle on an average the largest share current factors (74.26 percent) followed by family labor (21.73 percent), depreciation (46.425 percent), respectively and residual share was negative (-2.41 percent). Production of egg by traditional management was found profitable enterprise in small and large categories of farms. As a result, residual share was positive (1.54 percent and 12.01 percent) for small and large farms. In case of commercial poultry production on an average the largest share current inputs (74.29 percent), residual ((19.64 percent), followed by family labor (5.64 percent) and depreciation (0.44 percent) respectively. In addition, on an average broiler production the largest share current inputs (84.18 percent), residual (12.53 percent), followed by family labor (2.68 percent) and depreciation (0.62 percent) respectively.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 196-201

scholarly journals Global Shock in Economic Activities: COVID-19 Pandemonium

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinenye Ifeoma Nwokolo ◽  
Matthew Ikechukwu Ogbuagu ◽  
Onyebuchi Iwegbu
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
International Health ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Implication ◽  
Subprime Crisis ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Global Workforce ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

Abstract The sudden outbreak of corona virus disease (COVID-19) all over the globe has continued to spread like a wild fire. The confirmed number of deaths was about 3, 400 as of March 7, 2020 but an exponential death increase has been recorded with the number of deaths jumping to a height of about 13,550 on March 22, 2020. The alarming level of spread poses challenge to leaders, economist and policy makers in the world and have distrust global workforce. The global economic implication of the pandemic has become detrimental to human, health, social, political and economic activities, among others which has resulted to global economic shock. Hence, countries have become nationalized and politics becoming nationalistic. Among suggested policy measure include: reduction of interest rates as low as the 2009 subprime crisis percentage point just to encourage investment and recovery in global activities, International health organizations should intensifying surveillance, outbreak readiness, biomedical counter-measures as preventive measures, massive education and enlightenment about the virus using all local dilates , its mode of transmission, and its health and socio-economic effects on the household and economy at large. For an effective implementation of these policy solution, maximum support is needed from all the stakeholders such as the governments, non-governmental organizations, health professionals, the media, communities, and the individuals at large.

Value in the values: pasture-raised livestock products offer opportunities for reconnecting producers and consumers

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Conner ◽  
Victoria Campbell-Arvai ◽  
Michael W. Hamm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Shared Values ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Concurrent Development ◽  
Food Animals ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Depth Interviews

AbstractPasture-based livestock production holds promise in helping to reinvigorate small and mid-scale farming, as well as farm communities, across the United States. In this study, in-depth interviews of pasture-based livestock producers, meat processors and buyers were conducted to determine behaviors, attitudes and expectations with regard to pasture-based livestock production. In addition, consumers were polled to determine their attitudes with respect to how food animals are raised and treated. Results revealed many shared values between those involved in raising, processing and distributing animal products, as well as consumers, indicating an opportunity for a ‘re-embedding’ of livestock production based on these shared values. The concurrent development of both direct and extended markets, e.g. values-based value chains, is suggested as one way of addressing the difficulties faced by individual farmers in processing and distributing animal products with their provenance and underlying values intact.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION, FORECASTING AND ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT IMPACTS IN THE SUDANO-SAHELIAN CLIMATE OF GOURMA PROVINCE IN BURKINA FASO

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
Julius Okoth Omondi ◽  
Isaac Chitedze ◽  
Judith Kumatso
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Impact

Natural hazards such as agricultural droughts impact negatively on crop yields and economic activities. Characterization of agricultural droughts provides precise and accurate information for decision making processes during agricultural drought events. Planning and responding to the hazards by government, and non-governmental organizations in the Sudano-Sahelian belt has been limited in the past due to knowledge gap on the nature and impact of the hazard. This study seeks to characterize historical agricultural droughts, assess their impact on crop yields and people’s susceptibility to undernourishment and through forecasting, unravel what the future holds. Annual effective reconnaissance drought index values are computed using mean monthly potential evapotranspiration and effective precipitation data. To assess the impact of agricultural drought, the index’s values are compared to crop yields and prevalence to undernourishment data. Results show that agricultural drought events of 1983 and 2008 are mild and ephemeral while the 1999 – 2006 event is severe and protracted. While there is 26% chance of materialization of an agricultural drought in Gourma, the chance of being ephemeral and of moderate category is the highest (8%). It has been determined that an ephemeral and moderate agricultural drought would trigger below average yields for maize, sorghum and millet. Mild, moderate and severe events increase prevalence to undernourishment by 2.9 %, 4.3 % and 5.8 % respectively. From 2020 to 2030, a continued materialization of agricultural droughts is expected

The Role of Women in Community Development after Earthquake, Tsunami, and Liquefaction in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 722-742
Author(s):  
Andi Kurniawan ◽  
Syamsul Maarif ◽  
Catur Susilo Rahardi
Keyword(s):  
Women Activists ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Central Sulawesi

This study aims at identifying how women respond to uncertain situations after a disaster. Women and children are frequently in a vulnerable position due to their domestic roles. The research took place in Central Sulawesi, where the massive earthquake, tsunami, and liquefaction engulfed thousands of lives and dwellings. Despite their limitation, women have become a social catalyst in enhancing optimism among the survivors. The socio-cultural background of Central Sulawesi women is an essential factor in recovering socio-economic conditions after the disaster in Central Sulawesi. Their toughness and high social care have also facilitated extensive social and economic activities, along with women activists in civil society organizations. Several non-governmental organizations under government coordination have provided rehabilitation assistance programs. The research employed qualitative approaches encompassing in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations. The research indicates that women's greater participation in disaster recovery programs could be essential. Women also brought up people's optimism to bounce back faster from suffering a disaster. 

Centres of excellence in conservation agriculture: developing African institutions for sustainable agricultural development.

2022 ◽  
pp. 402-415
Author(s):  
Saidi Mkomwa ◽  
Simon Lugandu ◽  
Ngari Macharia ◽  
Alexandra Bot ◽  
Weldone Mutai
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Centres Of Excellence

Abstract Conservation Agriculture (CA) is an important component in addressing food insecurity, biodiversity degradation and water scarcity challenges. Its adoption in Africa has lagged behind other continents. One major area of need to enable the acceleration of the adoption of CA in Africa relates to building the necessary cross-sectoral institutional and human capacity across the education-research-extension-enterprise axis along the value chain. This study was conducted in order to contribute to the discussions about the need to create sustainable institutions: specifically, Conservation Agriculture Centres of Excellence (CA-CoEs) in Africa. The CA-CoEs model includes a stakeholder team, a shared facility or an entity that provides leadership, best practices, research, support and/or training in CA, with linkages to service providers along the value chain. This literature-based research involved systematic identification, collection, analysis and documentation of data to identify and address the unique roles these CA-CoEs play in the promotion and adoption of CA and their level of performance. It employed a CA quality assurance self-assessment tool to measure the performance of the CA-CoEs against predetermined performance descriptors. Although the CA-CoEs are facilitating and catalysing adoption of CA, their capacity in providing the CA-related programmes, training and research is not optimal. CA-CoE quality assurance of services can be helpful in identification and design of measures for addressing the challenges faced. To be impactful, CA-CoEs need well-coordinated, participatory and demand-driven CA-based agricultural practices, information services and knowledge for farmers and other stakeholders such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs), CA service providers and CA equipment manufacturers.

scholarly journals The value chain and activities of polyethylene terephthalate plastics in the South African waste economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlin Hoffman ◽  
Catherina Schenck
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
The South ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Starting Point

Introduction Value chains in their entirety, within the South African context, have not been the focus of much research thus far. A plethora of research has been done on the various actors within the value chain, but the rest of the value chain has not been identified and depicted. Failing to understand and describe the entire value chain of polyethylene terephthalate plastics has led to many unanswered questions and misunderstood impacts on the plastics waste economy. Purpose The purpose of the study was to document and depict the value chain and its activities within the polyethylene terephthalate waste economy in South Africa, which, according to the available literature, has not been done before. The documentation of the value chain and its activities will assist in identifying the possibilities of job creation within the waste economy, which could impact the diversion of waste from the landfill. Method A qualitative research approach with an exploratory research design was followed, and the data collection was done by means of a workshop. The participants in the workshop included captains of industry, entrepreneurs, academics, government, environmental groups and environmental non-governmental organizations. The workshop was recorded audio-visually, and concepts and discussions were documented for this purpose. All information was transcribed and documented in a final document. Results The value chain and its activities were documented. Conclusion The information collected is a starting point for more research within the waste economy, as the process will be followed with other waste streams. Job creation gaps have been identified and further research has started creating a better understanding of the value chain, which will influence policy.

Remarks on donor support to animal production research

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
C. G. Ndiritu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Livestock Products

AbstractIn spite of being the home of a significant number of the world's flocks and herds, the productivity per head and per ha of the livestock sector in sub-Saharan Africa continues to be so low that the total output does not meet the domestic demand. Indeed, there is evidence that there has been little or no increase in output of animal products in this region during the 1980s. On the other hand, the human population has increased at a rate of more than 3% per annum. This has been associated with an escalating demand for food thus adding pressure on natural resources which are already threatened.There is therefore a need for technical innovations to increase output of livestock products to at least a level of self-sufficiency. This increase must be obtained in a manner which is consistent with protection of the environment and conservation of natural resources for sustainable performance.In this endeavour to develop technologies to support the livestock industries, developing countries of Africa are faced with inadequate resources to carry out research programmes, addressing a multiplicity of produciton problems. Towards this end, the donor countries have contributed resources including capital goods, technical assistance, operational finance for agreed projects and manpower development. However it is important that the national scientists are involved in the conceptualization, formulation and implementation of research programmes. The donor inputs are therefore expended in execution of projects generated by the local personnel. In this connexion, it is hoped that the level of support will be increased and sustained for a reasonable period to bear impact at the farm level. However it should be noted that research alone cannot bring about increase in output of meat and milk, etc. Rather the new technology from research is one of the inputs which must be mixed with other inputs to improve production.

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