Comic Collisions: Convention, Rage, and Order

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 303-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Henry James ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Full Length ◽  
The Novel ◽  
State University ◽  
Modern Drama ◽  
Happy Ending ◽  
Critical Aspects

How can the socially critical aspects of comedy be reconciled with a ‘happy ending’ which seems to affirm the existing order of things? This perennial problem has become acute in a period when both playwrights and comic performers are increasingly conscious of the dangers inherent in the stereotyping – racial, sexual, and hierarchical – on which so much comedy depends. In this article, Susan Carlson looks at some recent ‘meta-comedies’ which have used the form, as it were, to expose itself – notably, Trevor Griffiths's Comedians, Peter Barnes's Laughter, Susan Hayes's Not Waving, and Caryl Churchill's Cloud Nine – and analyzes their responses to comedy, which range from the despairing to the affirmative. She concludes that only Churchill has found a positive way of ‘connecting the painful recognitions of twentieth-century dissociations to comic hope’. Susan Carlson is Associate Professor of English at lowa State University. In addition to numerous articles on modern drama and the novel, she has published a full-length study of the plays of Henry James, and is currently working on a book about women in comedy.

The Reinvention of Shakespeare in Traditional Asian Theatrical Forms

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (55) ◽  
pp. 274-284
Author(s):  
Min Tian
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Modern Drama ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
Doctoral Candidate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The University

Especially during the later decades of the twentieth century, Shakespeare's plays have been adapted for production in many of the major Asian traditional theatrical forms – prompting some western critics to suggest that such forms, with their long but largely non-logocentric traditions, can come closer to the recovery or recreation of the theatrical conditions and performance styles of Shakespeare's times than can academically derived experiments based on scantily documented research. Whether in full conformity with traditional Asian styles, or by stirring ingredients into a synthetic mix, Min Tian denies that a ‘true’ recreation is possible – but suggests that such productions can, paradoxically, help us to ‘reinvent’ Shakespeare in fuller accord with our own times, notably by exploiting the potential of stylized gesture and movement, and the integration of music and dance, called for by proponents of a modernistic ‘total’ theatre after Artaud. In considering a wide range of Shakespearean productions and adaptations from varying Asian traditions, Min Tian suggests that the fashionably derided ‘universality’ of Shakespeare may still tell an intercultural truth that transcends stylistic and chronological distinctions. Min Tian holds a doctorate from the China Central Academy of Drama, where he has been an associate professor since 1992. The author of many articles on Shakespeare, modern drama, and intercultural theatre, he is now a doctoral candidate at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Vessels of Consciousness

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-130
Author(s):  
Jed Rasula
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Henry James ◽  
Social World ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
The Novel ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Female Consciousness ◽  
The World ◽  
Twentieth Century Novel ◽  
Primary Medium

The modern turn to psychological inwardness in the novel has often been discussed with reference to William James’s phrase, “vessel of consciousness.” Much of this chapter concerns his brother, Henry James, and his theorization of perspectivally delimited states of consciousness as a primary medium for the novel. James’s theories make a point of gendering this delimitation, claiming that female consciousness, historically constrained by lack of access to masculine vocations, actually possesses an awareness of the world advantageously enlarged by the exercise of imagination. James’s theory is placed against the backdrop of the novel’s gradual turn from epistemological to psychological veracity, from chronicling the material and social world to anatomizing the vicissitudes of consciousness as such—a transition from “character” to “psychology,” a transition made evident in Stendhal’s novel The Red and the Black. Once the twentieth-century novel establishes the vessel of consciousness as a primary component of its generic toolkit, the fragility of the vessel became apparent, and a technical gain in verisimilitude (refinement of character psychology) turned out to be discordant with the generically contracted principle of reality in previous fiction. The vessel of consciousness could no longer be confined to the novel itself, but became contingent on the participatory immersion of the reader’s consciousness as well.

Re-Inspecting the Crack in the Chimney: Chaos Theory from Ibsen to Stoppard

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (39) ◽  
pp. 242-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Demastes
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Chaos Theory ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
State University ◽  
Scientific Paradigm ◽  
New Realism ◽  
American Theatre ◽  
Louisiana State University ◽  
Master Builder

In 1978, Robert Brustein observed that Ibsen's The Master Builder subtly undermined the tenets of naturalism for which both the play and its author are usually remembered. Here, William W. Demastes suggests that, though lacking precise paradigms when they wrote the play and the critique, Ibsen and Brustein both approach the understanding of human interaction in ways that are currently explained through the ‘new’ scientific paradigm of chaos theory. This essay presents a general summary of chaos theory, applies it to The Master Builder, suggests ways in which Ibsen anticipates the postmodernists, and how, in turn, chaos theory can help in comprehending several paths that the theatre has followed since the inception of postmodernism. William W. Demastes is associate professor of English at Louisiana State University, and is author of Beyond Naturalism: a New Realism in American Theatre (1988). This essay is an extension of his book, and is designed in part as in introduction to his next book-length study, on the confluence of scientific and dramatic thought in the twentieth century.

Coda: The Rosetta Stone

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Schotter
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Digital Code ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Rosetta Stone ◽  
The World ◽  
Western Imagination ◽  
Origin Point

Hieroglyphs have persisted for so long in the Western imagination because of the malleability of their metaphorical meanings. Emblems of readability and unreadability, universality and difference, writing and film, writing and digital media, hieroglyphs serve to encompass many of the central tensions in understandings of race, nation, language and media in the twentieth century. For Pound and Lindsay, they served as inspirations for a more direct and universal form of writing; for Woolf, as a way of treating the new medium of film and our perceptions of the world as a kind of language. For Conrad and Welles, they embodied the hybridity of writing or the images of film; for al-Hakim and Mahfouz, the persistence of links between ancient Pharaonic civilisation and a newly independent Egypt. For Joyce, hieroglyphs symbolised the origin point for the world’s cultures and nations; for Pynchon, the connection between digital code and the novel. In their modernist interpretations and applications, hieroglyphs bring together writing and new media technologies, language and the material world, and all the nations and languages of the globe....

Materializing Ulysses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Forster
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Film Adaptation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Perceived Power

This chapter compares the reception of Joyce’s 1922 Ulysses with that of Joseph Strick’s 1967 film adaptation of the novel. Although Ulysses had been legally publishable in England for decades, Strick’s film still encountered censorship from the British Board of Film Censors. The chapter argues that Joyce’s novel, for all its obscenity and provocation, mitigated its threat by foregrounding its own printedness, allying its fate to the waning power of print as a bearer of obscenity. Strick’s film, by contrast, activated the perceived power of film. The contrast of the two versions of Ulysses, which are often identical in language, thus offers a valuable window on how obscenity changed across media through the twentieth century. In making this argument, the chapter surveys print strategies of censorship, including the asterisk, and how these strategies operated in a range of works.

Sweet Mystery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen M. Peck
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Musical Theater ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Professional Theater ◽  
Standard Practices

Rida Johnson Young (ca. 1869–1926) was one of the most prolific female playwrights of her time, as well as a lyricist and librettist in the musical theater. She wrote more than thirty full-length plays, operettas, and musical comedies, five hundred songs, and four novels. Despite her extensive output, no significant study of her work has been produced. This book examines her musical theater works with in-depth analyses of her librettos and lyrics, as well as her working relationships with other writers, performers, and producers, particularly Lee and J. J. Shubert. Using archival materials such as original typescripts, correspondence, and reviews, the book contextualizes Young’s work within the milieu of the early-twentieth-century professional theater and provides a window into the standard practices of writing and production of the era. The works examined are Naughty Marietta, Lady Luxury, The Red Petticoat, When Love Is Young, His Little Widows, Her Soldier Boy, Maytime, Sometime, Little Simplicity, and The Dream Girl.

Publish the Picture at Your Peril: Visual Ideas and the Commercial Apparatus of Life Magazine

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-324
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Life Magazine ◽  
Advertising Revenue ◽  
Manufacturing Company

AbstractIn the early years of the twentieth century, Life magazine had only approximately one hundred thousand subscribers, yet its illustrated images (like the Gibson Girl) significantly influenced fashion trends and social behaviors nationally. Its outsized influence can be explained by examining the magazine’s business practices, particularly the novel ways in which it treated and conceptualized its images as intellectual property. While other magazines relied on their circulation and advertising revenue to attain profitability, Life used its page space to sell not only ads, but also its own creative components—principally illustrations—to manufacturers of consumer goods, advertisers, and consumers themselves. In so doing, Life’s publishers relied on a developing legal conception of intellectual property and copyright, one that was not always amenable to their designs. By looking at a quasi-litigious disagreement in which a candy manufacturing company attempted to copy one of the magazine’s images, this article explores the mechanisms behind the commodification and distribution of mass-circulated images.

scholarly journals Full-length transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of acupuncture at PC6 improves cardiac function in myocardial ischemia model

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yuan ◽  
Jun-Meng Wang ◽  
Zhi-Wei Li ◽  
Cheng-Shun Zhang ◽  
Bin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Full Length ◽  
The Novel ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Myocardial Infraction ◽  
Differential Expression Genes ◽  
Multi Level

Abstract Background The pathological process of myocardial ischemia (MI) is very complicated. Acupuncture at PC6 has been proved to be effective against MI injury, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the mechanism that underlies the effect of acupuncture on MI through full-length transcriptome. Methods Adult male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into control, MI, and PC6 groups. Mice in MI and PC6 group generated MI model by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. The samples were collected 5 days after acupuncture treatment. Results The results showed that treatment by acupuncture improved cardiac function, decreased myocardial infraction area, and reduced the levels of cTnT and cTnI. Based on full-length transcriptome sequencing, 5083 differential expression genes (DEGs) and 324 DEGs were identified in the MI group and PC6 group, respectively. These genes regulated by acupuncture were mainly enriched in the inflammatory response pathway. Alternative splicing (AS) is a post-transcriptional action that contributes to the diversity of protein. In all samples, 8237 AS events associated with 1994 genes were found. Some differential AS-involved genes were enriched in the pathway related to heart disease. We also identified 602 new genes, 4 of which may the novel targets of acupuncture in MI. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the effect of acupuncture on MI may be based on the multi-level regulation of the transcriptome.

scholarly journals Preface: Modern Heterocycle Synthesis and Functionalization

Synlett ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (02) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
Louis-Charles Campeau ◽  
Tomislav Rovis
Keyword(s):  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
State University ◽  
Heterocycle Synthesis ◽  
Colorado State University ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
Process Chemistry ◽  
The University ◽  
Small Molecule Therapeutics

obtained his PhD degree in 2008 with the late Professor Keith Fagnou at the University of Ottawa in Canada as an NSERC Doctoral Fellow. He then joined Merck Research Laboratories at Merck-Frosst in Montreal in 2007, making key contributions to the discovery of Doravirine (MK-1439) for which he received a Merck Special Achievement Award. In 2010, he moved from Quebec to New Jersey, where he has served in roles of increasing responsibility with Merck ever since. L.-C. is currently Executive Director and the Head of Process Chemistry and Discovery Process Chemistry organizations, leading a team of smart creative scientists developing innovative chemistry solutions in support of all discovery, pre-clinical and clinical active pharmaceutical ingredient deliveries for the entire Merck portfolio for small-molecule therapeutics. Over his tenure at Merck, L.-C. and his team have made important contributions to >40 clinical candidates and 4 commercial products to date. Tom Rovis was born in Zagreb in former Yugoslavia but was largely raised in southern Ontario, Canada. He earned his PhD degree at the University of Toronto (Canada) in 1998 under the direction of Professor Mark Lautens. From 1998–2000, he was an NSERC Postdoctoral Fellow at Harvard University (USA) with Professor David A. Evans. In 2000, he began his independent career at Colorado State University and was promoted in 2005 to Associate Professor and in 2008 to Professor. His group’s accomplishments have been recognized by a number of awards including an Arthur C. Cope Scholar, an NSF CAREER Award, a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a ­Katritzky Young Investigator in Heterocyclic Chemistry. In 2016, he moved to Columbia University where he is currently the Samuel Latham Mitchill Professor of Chemistry.

scholarly journals Biomedical knowledge in Mexico during the Cold War and its impact in pictorial representations of Homo sapiens and racial hierarchies

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-244
Author(s):  
Erica Torrens
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Biomedical Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Race And Racialization ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Pictorial Representations ◽  
Racial Hierarchies

Abstract This paper provides an overview of the state of Mexican genetics and biomedical knowledge during the second half of the twentieth century, as well as its impact on the visual representation of human groups and racial hierarchies, based on social studies of scientific imaging and visualization (SIV) and theoretical concepts and methods. It also addresses the genealogy and shifts of the concept of race and racialization of Mexican bodies, concluding with the novel visual culture that resulted from genetic knowledge merged with the racist phenomenon in the second half of the twentieth century in Mexico.

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