Termite transects from Buton Island, Sulawesi, have a low diversity compared with Sundaland sites

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
F. Hasan ◽  
D. T. Jones ◽  
S. Syaukani ◽  
P. Eggleton
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Species Density ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Low Diversity

Abstract We used a standardised transect method to compare lowland forest termite assemblages in Buton Island, Sulawesi, with transects in Sundaland. The four Buton transects were extremely depauperate with species density ranging from 1 to 6 species, which is around 10% of the species density in 11 described Sundaland transects. Soil-feeding species were absent from the Buton transects but represent some 43% of species in the Sundaland transects. The Buton transects have relatively high soil pH (6.7–7.9), which may be associated with depauperate termite assemblages. Most termite genera recorded in Sulawesi are wood nesters that can raft in floating wood, which is probably how they arrived in Sulawesi. The Macrotermitinae (fungus-growers) do not raft and probably flew across serendipitously. Geographic isolation, both on Buton and in Sulawesi more generally, and Buton’s underlying geology causing high soil pH, may account for the near-absence of soil-nesters and soil-feeders, none of which are known to raft.

Effect of Trifluralin and Metribuzin Combinations on Soybean Tolerance to Metribuzin

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Ladlie ◽  
William F. Meggitt ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
High Soil

In field trials, soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] treated with trifluralin [α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine] at 0.56 and 0.84 kg/ha were protected from injury by metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio-as-triazine-5(4H)one] at 0.28 to 1.12 kg/ha. Soybean injury from metribuzin at high soil pH values was reduced by applying it in combination with trifluralin. Trifluralin also protected soybeans from injury caused by low rates of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] greenhouse studies. The trifluralin treatment reduced root development and greatly reduced14C-atrazine and14C-metribuzin uptake and content within the soybean plant.

scholarly journals Effect of soil erosion and topography on distribution of cadmium (Cd) in Sumani watershed, west Sumatra, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 03001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aflizar ◽  
Aprisal ◽  
Cornelius Idowu Alarima ◽  
Tsugiyuki Masunaga
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
High Soil ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Material Translocation ◽  
Carbon Erosion

The purpose of this study was to characterize and present the distribution of heavy metals especially Cd on agricultural and non-agricultural lands and river sediments in relation to soil erosion and topography status in watersheds. The study was conducted for a detailed soil survey by collecting 146 soil sample based on land use, soil family and topography position and 23 river sediments sample. The Cd was extracted by 0.1 M HCl and determined by ICP. The result showed that the concentration of Cd in soil and river sediment were low in toxicity based on FAO recommendation (Cd 0.4 mg/kg) with only 4 out of 169 sampling sites contained Cd exceeding the toxicity level. Volcanic ash from Mount Talang Volcano is a natural source of Cd in Sumani watershed. Cd concentration was low in areas with high soil erosion, which indicate material translocation caused by high soil erosion that accumulates sediment in plains and rivers. Agricultural soil was found to be low in soil pH and clay accompanied by high R factor and upland topography hence the increase in Cd concentration of the soil. The study concluded that Cd abundance in soils may be influenced by soil pH, texture, total carbon, erosion factors, and topography.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Soil Physicochemical Properties, Soil Seed Bank and Species Density of Five Plant Communities in Awka Anambra State

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Archy O. Nora ◽  
U. K. Ekwealor ◽  
I. E. Mbaekwe ◽  
Izundu, I. Alex ◽  
C. F. Iroka
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Species Density ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Abandoned Farmland ◽  
Tropical Lowland ◽  
Tropical Lowland Forest ◽  
Experimental Plots

The research study investigated the physicochemical properties of the soil in five different locations around Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka campus for their above ground and seed bank status with regards to their germination rate and species density. The study areas were located at Cattle grazed field at gariki Amansea, abandoned farmland near Chisco Transportation and Engineering workshop, frequently mowed lawn at Unizik e-library, a Savanna woodland behind the banking plaza Unizik  and tropical lowland forest at Botanical garden Unizik. The seed bank investigation was conducted from September 2016 to March, 2017. Analysis of variance was used to test significant differences between seed bank densities among experimental plots at different soil horizons. The soil physiochemical parameters among the experimental plots were also analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Significant differences were tested at P= 0.05 at 95% confidence intervals. Results revealed the highest value for above ground species was found in tropical lowland forest (53.67±6.11) while the lowest was in cattle grazed field (8.00±0.82). Meanwhile the highest value for seed bank was in the frequently mowed lawn Unizik e-library (93.00±18.00) and the lowest was in the forest (6.50±4.95). The comparison of the two groups using T-test revealed that there was a significant difference between the above ground and seed bank values of the tropical lowland forest P=0.003 and also between the above ground and seed bank values of the frequently moved lawn, Unzik e-library P=0.001. More so, the Savanna above ground values and seed bank species value were not significant at P=0.006, as well as cattle grazed field (8.00 ± 0.82) and (50.00± 19.31) at P=0.006. Also, the Savanna plot comparison of above ground (44.50±3.54) and the seed bank (14.00±5.20) revealed significant differences between the two groups at P=0.006. Electrical conductivity was highest in the cattle grazed field (40.00+1.08) and the highest pH value was found in the Unizik e-library (6.19+0.22). Sorensen’s coefficient index revealed the highest similarity between above ground and seed bank species occurred in the cattle-grazed field followed by the frequently mowed lawn Unizik e-library (0.196), then the abandoned farmland (0.074), the Savanna (0.060) and the forest (0.025) respectively. Since the similarity is measured between 0 and 1, it means therefore that there is a weak similarity (0.276) between above ground vegetation and the seed bank in the cattle grazed field while the frequently mowed lawn (0.196) above ground similarity with seed bank was very weak. There is no similarity (0.025) between the above ground vegetation and the seed bank in the tropical forest. This seed bank investigation showed that the number of plant species in the seed bank does not reflect the total number of species in the above ground and the soil properties have an impact on the species density of the areas.

scholarly journals ZnO Nanoparticle Improves Maize Growth, Yield and Seed Zinc under High Soil pH Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1593-1601
Author(s):  
Ramesh raddy ◽  
Mahesh Salimath ◽  
K.N. Geetha ◽  
A.G. Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
High Soil

scholarly journals 235 Evaluation of Southern Pea Cultivars and Breeding Lines for Earliness, Maturity, and Yield in Multiple-year Trials in South Texas

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 431E-431
Author(s):  
L. Brandenberger ◽  
R. Wiedenfeld ◽  
R. Mercado ◽  
J. Lopez ◽  
T.E. Morelock
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Important Crop ◽  
High Soil ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Yields

Southern peas for the processing market are an important crop for producers in South Texas, but little testing of new varieties or breeding lines has been carried out. Grower field trials during three different years and an on station trial provided an opportunity to evaluate >30 different pea cultivars or breeding lines. Cultivars and breeding lines were evaluated for earliness, maturity, yield, and performance in high-pH soils. Yields varied significantly each season, with Arkansas Blackeye # 1 providing consistently high yields in the three grower trials. Both Arkansas 87-435-68 and Texas Pinkeye produced significantly higher yields in the high soil pH trial at Weslaco. Yields for Arkansas 87-435-68 and Texas Pinkeye in the Weslaco trial were 1428 and 1231 lb of dry peas per acre, respectively.

EFFECT OF LIMING ON THE YIELD, NUTRITION AND COPPER STATUS OF POTATOES, CARROTS AND ONIONS GROWN SEQUENTIALLY IN TWO PEAT SOILS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. MATHUR ◽  
M. P. LEVESQUE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
High Soil ◽  
And Copper Status

In a greenhouse study, two Mesisols, a woody and a sedge peat, were enriched with calcitic agricultural limestone at rates of 0.5–30 t/ha to increase their pH from 3.0 to 5.8. The general fertilization included 50 ppm (20 kg/ha) of Cu (wt/wt). Maximum yields of potatoes were obtained at a soil pH of 3.4–3.6 (4–6 t lime/ha rate) but harvest index of potato tubers (mass of tubers as percent of total dry matter produced) indicated that the 10-t/ha rate would be more suitable. The Cu concentration of potato leaves and tubers did not exceed 16 ppm, and was thus less than phytotoxic level (20 or 30 ppm), even at soil pH lower than 3.4. After further addition of other fertilizers and 25 ppm of Cu, carrots gave maximum yields at the 30-t/ha rate. Copper concentrations in carrot tops and roots were below 16 ppm even at the 10-t-lime/ha rate (soil pH 3.8 or 4.0). Onions, grown after repetition of the fertilization for carrots, gave highest yield, particularly of bulbs, at the 30-t-lime/ha rate but this corresponded to an undesirably high soil pH of 5.7 or 5.8. The Cu concentration in bulbs exceeded 16 ppm only when yields were unacceptably low at the 6-t/ha and lower rates of liming. In all crops, Cu concentrations generally decreased sharply as soil pH rose above 4.0. The Ca:Mg ratio in plants usually increased with liming but, within the range observed here, did not closely parallel increases in yield. Plant concentrations of N, P and K generally decreased with liming at the highest rates (20 or 30 t/ha). Key words: Liming, peat, potatoes, onions, carrots, copper

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus Esculentus) Control and Peanut Tolerance toS-Metolachlor and Diclosulam Combinations

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
Todd A. Baughman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
South Texas ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Rolling Plains

Field studies were conducted in different peanut-growing areas of Texas during the 1999 through 2001 growing seasons to evaluate yellow nutsedge control and peanut tolerance to diclosulam alone applied PRE,S-metolachlor alone applied POST, or diclosulam applied PRE followed by (fb)S-metolachlor applied POST. Yellow nutsedge control was > 80% at five of six locations when diclosulam at 0.018 or 0.026 kg/ha applied PRE was fbS-metolachlor applied POST at 0.56, 1.12, or 1.46 kg ai/ha. Peanut stunting was noted with diclosulam at the High Plains locations but not at the Rolling Plains or south Texas locations. This stunting with diclosulam was due to a combination of peanut variety and high soil pH. Peanut yield was not always increased where yellow nutsedge was controlled.

scholarly journals Deep High-moisture Soil pH Test Equipment and Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Dongxu Chen ◽  
Hua Liu ◽  
Erjian Cai ◽  
Hui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Inaccurate Measurement ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Soil Hardening

Excessive use of chemical fertilizers in the soil will cause excessive residues of heavy metals, soil hardening and high soil alkalinity. A soil pH tester is generally used to test the soil pH scale to ensure the normal growth of crops. However, the tester cannot be used directly in the case of soil hardening and the soil should be moistened before measurement. In addition, existing soil pH testers can only perform single-point tests, and multiple tests are generally required in order to obtain accurate experimental data. Common deep soil pH test devices are difficult to use and have the problem of inaccurate measurement results due to excessive impurities in the soil in the process of use, resulting in errors in soil analysis which require secondary revision to improve the soil environment. To make up for the defects of existing technologies, this study designs a deep high-moisture soil pH tester, which has the advantage of high soil impurity filtering performance and addresses the problem of inaccurate measurement results due to excessive impurities in the soil.

scholarly journals Challenges of Strawberry Production in High-pH Soil at High Elevation in the Southwestern United States

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengrui Yao ◽  
Steve Guldan ◽  
Robert Flynn ◽  
Carlos Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Science Center ◽  
High Ph ◽  
New Mexico State University ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Black Plastic

In 2011, 16 strawberry cultivars were planted with two planting systems—a black-plastic-covered perennial system (BP) and a matted-row system (MR)—arranged in a split-block design with four replications at the New Mexico State University (NMSU) Sustainable Agriculture Science Center, Alcalde, NM. Cultivars varied greatly in their yield and tolerance to high-pH soil. ‘Allstar’, ‘Chandler’, and ‘Darselect’ were the three most sensitive cultivars to high soil pH among the 16 cultivars tested, whereas ‘Wendy’, ‘Brunswick’, ‘Honeoye’, and ‘Clancy’ were the four most tolerant cultivars by the end of July 2011. Two to three applications of 0.67 g·m–1 (linear row) FeEDDHA were used per year through fertigation to effectively treat leaf chlorosis resulting from high soil pH. After averaging the yields of 2012 and 2013, ‘Mesabi’ and ‘Kent’ had greater yield than others and twice the yield of ‘Jewel’. Early cultivars Earliglow and Annapolis and late cultivars L’Amour and Ovation all had low yields in both years. In Jan. 2013, the minimum temperature reached –21.7 °C, which caused crown damage to some cold-tender cultivars, especially in the black-plastic-covered system. ‘Wendy’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Clancy’, and ‘Jewel’ were the cold-tender cultivars, whereas ‘Mesabi’, ‘Kent’, ‘Cavendish’, and ‘Honeoye’ were the hardiest among those tested. Despite repeated late frosts from 19 Apr. to 4 May 2013 and a delayed harvest season, most cultivars produced greater yield than in 2012 with ‘Mesabi’ and ‘Kent’ being the greatest. There were no significant differences in yields in 2012 and 2013 between BP and MR treatments, but yield in BP was significantly lower than in MR in 2014. With appropriate cultivar selection and management, growers can produce strawberries in high-pH soil at high elevation with a short growing season in the Southwest.

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