On the Professorial Voice

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Clark
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Traditional Authority ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Middle Ages

ArgumentMuch recent research has established the importance of visualization in modern science. This essay treats, instead, of the continued importance of the aural and oral: the professorial voice. The professor remains important for science since so many scientists still instantiate this persona and, as is here argued, a “voice” constitutes an essential feature of it. The form of the essay reflects its contents. From the Middle Ages until well into the modern era, the archetypal professorial genre was the disputation, an oral event recast in written form. Apropos of the traditional disputation, this essay begins with a disquisition more or less to the point. It concerns Nietzsche’s first major publication, which violated norms for the proper professorial voice, thus accelerated the destruction of his academic career. The essay then presents six theses on the professorial voice. The theses treat relevant aspects of the professorial voice from the Sophists onward. It is argued, in Weberian terms, that the professorial voice or persona embodies elements of charismatic and traditional authority which coexist with and condition the rational authority or “objectivity” of science.

VII.—The Argument of the Vision of Piers Plowman

PMLA ◽  
1894 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-450
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Deering Hanscom
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Piers Plowman ◽  
Storm And Stress ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Middle Ages

The fourteenth century was for England a period of storm and stress. The Saxon genius does not achieve its conquests lightly; it does not march to victory with furled flags or muffled drums; it is profoundly conscious of its own effort and the object to be realized. True, it often attains more than it hopes or even knows; but it attains the larger result through the accomplishment of the immediate purpose. The internal struggles are those that cost, with nations as with men; and it is no small part of the greatness of England that she has been able to see and strong to resist those dangers which, rising from within, have threatened to overthrow that stability which outward foes have in vain assailed. In that century which marked the close of the middle ages and the beginning of the modern era, England was busy taking cities and ruling her own spirit, and only the wise knew which was the better.

scholarly journals The Idea of Determinacy of the Supreme Government by Electoral Technologies in the European Medieval State Legal Tradition

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Viktor A. Kovalev ◽  
◽  
Konstantin E. Krylov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
The Core ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Middle Ages

The main theme of the article is investigation of the electoral culture in the European political and legal thought. Authors argue the ancient sources of this tradition tracing it from the three sources — Roman, German and Christian political thoughts. During the Middle Ages European legal concepts of the supreme power’s nature oscillated between hereditary and election as a foundation of the supreme power. Only on the edge of the Middle Ages and the Modern Era monarchy became strait hereditary. The idea of election did not disappear, remains the core ingridient of the image of power’s legitimacy.

Miguel de Unamuno und Antero de Quental Iberische Religionskritik, einbrechende Moderne und die Tragik des Verlustes

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-330
Author(s):  
Steffen Dix
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Religious History ◽  
Miguel De Unamuno ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Catholic Religion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Middle Ages

AbstractIn recent years the study of local religious histories, especially in Europe, has gained in prominence. Because of the encounters between different cultural traditions in the Middle Ages and the voyages of discovery, the religious history of the Iberian Peninsula became one of the most complex in Europe. This article focuses on one portion of this history around the turn of the 19th/20th century, and in particular on two attempts to blame the Catholic religion for the general crisis in Spain and Portugal at the start of the modern era. These two forms of critiquing religion are illustrated by the examples of Miguel de Unamuno and Antero de Quental, whose writings were characteristic of the typical relationship between religion and intellectuals in this period. Not only were the Spanish philosopher and the Portuguese poet influential on their own and later generations, but they are also truly representative of a certain tragic ”loss“ of religion in the Iberian Peninsula.

scholarly journals En norsk matriark analyserer patriarkerne

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-123
Author(s):  
Else Marie Wiberg Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Imago Dei ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Middle Ages

The Norwegian matriarch, Kari E. Børresen, died in April 2016, after a fine academic career as one of the outstanding feminist theologians of her generation. This article seeks to portray her by lifting up one of the key issues of her research within gender studies: the imago Dei and the various ways this was understood in Christian antiquity and the Middle Ages. Before embarking on that, the article introduces Børresen and her work as a feminist theologian in general.

scholarly journals Promocje doktorskie jako ceremonie akademickie

2018 ◽  
pp. 215-227
Author(s):  
Emilia Szymczak
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Academic Capital ◽  
The Middle Ages ◽  
Academic Degrees

Academic regalia, symbols and ceremonies are an important element of university reality. The ruling force here is the tradition and continuity of the preservation of symbols since the Middle Ages. The awarding of academic degrees and titles in the XXI century is still associated with a consistent structure during which specific rituals – characteristic for University or even each field of study – take place. They become an exemplification of prestige in the academic world, the position of professors, as well as other social groups, and crystallize the place in the hierarchy of various individuals and groups of people, as well as the academic capital that they represent. In this article, I will focus on this initial level of academic career which is a doctorate and especially at this ceremonial or symbolic ritual of passage – the doctoral promotion.

scholarly journals The evolution of the doctrine of the infallibility of the Pope in the Catholic beliefs. "An historical contract study"

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abd Al Awaisheh ◽  
Hala Ghassan Al Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Middle Ages

This study examines the history of the development of the doctrine of infallibility of the Pope (Bishop of Rome) in the Catholic Church, from the Middle Ages to its adoption as a dogmatic constitution, to shed light on the impact of the course of historical events on the crystallization of this doctrine and the conceptual structure upon which it was based. The study concluded that the doctrine of infallibility of the Pope was based on the concept of the Peter theory, and it went through several stages, the most prominent of which was the period of turbulence in the Middle Ages, and criticism in the modern era, and a series of historical events in the nineteenth century contributed to the siege of the papal seat, which prompted Pius The ninth to endorsing the doctrine of infallibility of the Pope to confront these criticisms in the first Vatican Council in 1870 AD, by defining the concept of infallibility in the context of faith education and ethics, and this decision was emphasized in the Second Vatican Council in 1964 AD, but in more detail.

A primer on constructed languages

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-26
Author(s):  
Nathan Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Language Revitalization ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Specialized Knowledge ◽  
Art Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter outlines the history of language construction, beginning with the earliest recorded examples of linguistic creativity and continuing with the first true constructed languages from the Middle Ages up through the Renaissance and Enlightenment, when language construction was guided largely by religious and philosophical concerns. The chapter continues by exploring more recent history, when language construction was guided more by practical goals to unite humanity. At the same time, language construction as an art form was also being developed, most notably by J. R. R. Tolkien, who set the stage for the modern era of artistic language construction requiring specialized knowledge, talent, and hard work. The chapter also discusses the emerging role of language construction as a tool for language revitalization and concludes with a summary of terms and concepts that are important to the study of constructed languages.

The evolution of the goals and conditions of the execution of the penalty of deprivation of liberty from the Middle Ages to the present day

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Justyna Bieda ◽  
Katarzyny Rydz-Sybilak
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Moral Improvement ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Function ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Middle Ages

The functions of prisons in old Poland, their role and organization changed along with the evolution of views on the objectives of the institution of punishment in the system of criminal law. The picture will be completely different if the punishment is to have a main rehabilitation effect, and another when the basic premise of the penal policy is the principle of deterrence, not the moral improvement of the offender (it was in Poland until the 18th century). The penalty of deprivation of liberty could be carried out in five different ways. The choice of prison was primarily determined by the type of crime committed, but also the state of the convict was very important. The first, as early as the 12th-13th centuries are prisons, in which the population of lower states, ie townsmen, and peasants, were imprisoned. Initially, they play only a preventive role. In the Middle Ages, an upper tower was also developed, mainly applied to the nobility, it was an institution in which convicted in decent, even home conditions performed his penance. In the modern era, ie in the first half of the 16th century, a lower tower is being established, often not so much a place of imprisonment, but a place of slow death. Significant changes in the character and function of penitentiary institutions were brought by the 18th century, which was connected with the enlightenment flowing into the Republic of Poland, under which the punishment was also to be a means of improvement and rehabilitation, and not only revenge. The practice of imprisoning people in the tower, which was only a place of penance, deprived of any rehabilitation factors, slowly disappears, while prison comes to the fore. Here, the marshal prison should be pointed out, constituting a symbol of changes taking place, a modern facility in which the convict punished in humane conditions for those times, but above all, he was cared for his moral improvement, so that in the future he would not return to crime. The houses of improvement and forced labor houses started to play an extremely important role, the goal of which was to improve the prisoners through work and prayer.

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