Effect of ammonia treatment and supplementation on barley straw intake by sheep

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 105-105
Author(s):  
M. Fondevila ◽  
C. Castrillo ◽  
J. Gasa ◽  
J.A. Guada
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Twenty-eight lamb ewes (44 + 0.45 kg live weight) were used to study the effect of type and level of supplementation on voluntary intake of barley straw, treated with 30 g/kg of anhydrous ammonia (TS) or untreated (US) but given with urea to ensure the same nitrogen content as TS (18 g/kg DM). Each type of straw was offered ad libitum, supplemented with grass hay, rolled barley and sugar beet pulp at rates of 150, 300, 4 50 and 600 g/d, in 6 Latin Squares (4 x 4). In addition, another 2 sheep received each straw alone during the same periods. Supplements were totally consumed, except hay, which was refused in 10 - 13 and 28 - 34 per cent for US and TS, respectively.Daily dry matter intake (DMI) of US (OMD = 0.423) and TS (OMD = 0.515) offer as sole feed were 511 ± 29.1 and 858 ± 45.2 g. As show TABLE 1, US was consumed at rates of 527, 576 and 568 g DM when supplemented with 150 g of hay, barley and sugar beet pulp, and no significant differences were found with further levels of supplementation. DMI of TS decreased linearly from 850 to 618 g/d (r = 0.75) and from 717 to 518 g/d (r = 0.63) when the level of barley and sugar beet pulp increased from 150 to 600 g/d. Substitution rates were estimated to be 0.31 and 0.27 for barley and sugar beet pulp, respectively. Decrease in TS intake when supplemented since 150 to 600 g/d of hay (720 to 605 g, respectively) were found not significative.

Sugar beet pulp as a supplement to straw in diets for finishing cattle.

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 140-140
Author(s):  
S Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Beet Pulp

When barley has been used as a supplement to straw in diets for finishing cattle the performance achieved has often been below target. A trial was made to measure whether substitution of sugar beet pulp, a fibrous source of energy, for barley in such diets would Improve performance. Forty-eight Frieslan-type steers weighing 370 kg were offered long, Spring barley straw (variety Doublet) ad libitum. The straw was either untreated or treated with ammonia. Ammonia treatment was carried out in an oven with 3% anhydrous ammonia for 21 hours. Supplementation of the straw was designed to give a daily live weight gain of 1 kg. Animals offered untreated straw received 5.5 kg per head daily of dry matter (DM) from supplementary concentrates whilst those offered ammonia-treated straw received 4.5 kg concentrate DM. Included in the concentrates was 0.23 kg DM from white-fish meal and 0.07 kg of a mineral/vitamin supplement. The animals offered untreated straw also received 0.09 kg per head daily of urea. The remainder of the concentrates consisted of either bruised barley, a mixture of equal parts of DM from bruised barley and dried molassed sugar beet pulp, or sugar beet pulp only.

A note on the effect of urea contained in a molassed sugar beet pulp cube on the voluntary intake and digestibility of oat straw by steers

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fishwick ◽  
R. G. Hemingway ◽  
J. J. Parkins ◽  
N. S. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Voluntary Intake

SUMMARY1. The effects of 0·9 to 1·0 kg molassed sugar beet pulp cubes, supplemented with minerals and vitamins and with either 0, 3·0 and 7·8% urea, on the voluntary intake of oat straw (either 2·0 or 3·0% crude protein) were measured in two experiments with 250 to 300 kg British Friesian steers.2. Straw intake was increased by a maximum of about 20% when a total of about 165 g crude protein was supplied by the urea-containing sugar beet products.3. In one digestibility trial conducted with 385 kg steers, the inclusion in sugar beet pulp of urea equivalent to 89 g and 169 g crude protein/day comparably and significantly increased the digestibility of dry matter and crude fibre.

Voluntary feed intake, apparent digestibilities and nutritive values in ponies given ad libitum access to complete pelleted diets made from wheat straw and unmolassed sugar beet pulp

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 161-161
Author(s):  
J. J. Hyslop
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Ground Wheat

Although overall intake figures were high, critical levels (~400 g/kg DM) of unmolassed sugar beet pulp (USBP) inclusion suppressed dry matter intake (DMI) in ponies by up to 35% when included in complete pelleted diets made with dried grass (Hyslop, 2002). Dulphy et al (1997) have concluded that horses consume straw-based forages at lower levels than grass or legume-based forages. Given this observation with straw based diets, the objective of this study was to examine DMI, in vivo apparent digestibilities and nutritive values in ponies offered pelleted complete diets made from ground wheat straw and containing USBP at inclusion levels between 400 – 800 g/kg DM.

Effects of diets differing in the proportion of sugar beet pulp and barley on growth, body composition and metabolism of entire male lambs

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 119-119
Author(s):  
H Galbraith ◽  
P Mandebvu ◽  
J K Thompson ◽  
MF Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Endocrine Parameters ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Entire Male

Previous studies (e.g. Galbraith, McCulloch, Scalfe, Keeling and Atkinson, 1987) showed that differences in growth and metabolic responses Were obtained in sheep offered diets based on barley compared with those offered sugar beet pulp. At similar intakes of dry matter, barley based diets gave faster live-weight gain and heavier carcasses Which contained greater Weights of crude protein and fat and a higher proportion of fat in the carcass than those based on sugar beet pulp. The differences in fat and protein deposition in the carcass are of particular interest particularly in the context of the greater content of cellulose and hemi-cellulose in the fibre component of sugar beet-based diets. The objective of the present study Was to investigate the response to diets based on sugar beet pulp and supplemented With varying proportions of barley. It was Intended to study the utilisation of the diets which differed in the content of fibre and starch and to provide information on whole body, carcass and selected metabolic and endocrine parameters.

The effect of supplementing straw with barley or unmolassed sugar-beet pulp on microbial protein supply in sheep estimated from urinary purine derivative excretion

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Chen ◽  
S. A. Abdulrazak ◽  
W. J. Shand ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Protein Supply

AbstractFour sheep (live weight 39 to 42 kg) fitted with rumen cannulas were offered ammonia-treated barley straw alone (control) or supplemented with unmolassed sugar-beet pulp or rolled barley at 0·20 or 0·40 of the total diet on a fresh weight basis (SBP20, SBP40, B20 and B40, respectively) using a 4 × 5 randomized block design. Total diet intakes were 710, 873, 1054, 843 and 1021 g dry matter per day for control, SBP20, SBP40, B20 and B40 respectively. The intake of straw was depressed significantly with SBP40 and B40 (P < 0·05). Rumen pH and ammonia concentration decreased, and total volatile fatty acid concentrations increased (P < 0·05) with increasing level of supplementation for both supplements. Rumen liquid outflow rate was affected little by the supplementation although this measurement for B40 was significantly higher than that for the other treatments. Microbial protein supply, estimated from urinary excretion of purine derivatives, increased significantly with the increasing amounts of supplements (4·5, 6·7, 8·5, 7·1 and 9·0 (s.e.d. 0·73) g N per day for control, SBP20, SBP40, B20 and B40 respectively) (P < 0·05). The calculated efficiency of microbial protein production was 12·8, 14·2, 14·3, 15·7 and 14·5 (s.e.d. 1·45) g N per kg digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) for the five treatments. Although this value was lowest with the control, differences between treatments were not significant (P > 0·05). It seems that microbial protein yield per unit DOMI for a diet based on ammonia-treated straw could not be improved substantially by supplementation with sugar-beet pulp or barley.

The effects of supplementing grazing dairy cows with straw-based mixtures of differing composition

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-586
Author(s):  
A. Hameleers ◽  
D. J. Immenga ◽  
D. J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Beet Pulp

AbstractTwo groups of grazing lactating dairy cows (no. = 10) were offered straw/sugar-beet pulp mixtures of different straw and sugar-beet pulp content. The low straw mixture (LS) contained 310, 592, 65, 9 and 24 g/kg dry matter (DM) of barley straw, sugar-beet pulp, cane molasses, urea and minerals respectively. The high straw mixture (HS) contained 540, 359, 65, 12 and 24 g/kg DM of these ingredients. This resulted in metabolizable energy and DM degradability values of 10·4 and 8·4 MJ/kg DM and 0·48 and 0·42 for mixture LS and HS, respectively. In experiment 1, the mixtures were offered for 1 h after each milking while in experiment 2 the amount of LS available was restricted to the intake of the HS mixture. The animals continuously grazed a perennial ryegrass sward with sward height maintained at 7·5 and 6·9 cm respectively for experiment 1 and 2. Forage intakes in both experiments were measured using the n-alkane technique. In experiment 1, intakes of the forage supplement were 5·3 and 2·3 kg DM per day (s.e.d. = 0·51, P < 0·001), while herbage intake was 11·5 and 14·5 kg DM per day (s.e.d. = 0·77, P = 0·004), resulting in total forage intakes of 16·9 and 16·7 kg DM per day for treatments LS and HS respectively. No significant differences in terms of time spent grazing, ruminating and eating forage supplement were observed. No significant differences in terms of animal performance were observed. In experiment 2 intakes of the forage supplements were 2·8 kg DM per day for both treatments while herbage intake was 13·0 and 13·2 kg DM per day (s.e.d. = 110) resulting in total daily intakes of 15·8 and 16·0 kg DM (s.e.d. = 1·24) for treatment LS and HS, respectively. No significant differences in terms of grazing time, rumination time or animal performance were detected. It was concluded that under conditions when herbage was readily available, higher amounts of high energy/high degradability forage supplement were consumed than of low energy low degradability forage supplements. However, total dry matter intakes were equal. Intake from forage supplements seem to be affected by short-term fill effects in this situation.

The relationship between live weight and the intake of bulky foods in pigs

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.C. Whittemore ◽  
G. C. Emmans ◽  
I. Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Gut Fill ◽  
High Bulk

AbstractData from pigs between 12 and 120 kg live weight were used to develop a relationship between the capacity for food bulk and live weight. High bulk foods, intended to limit growth, were offered for 21 days to pigs of 12, 36 (600 g sugar-beet pulp per kg (SBP60)) and 108 (800 g sugar-beet pulp per kg (SBP80)) kg live weight. Control pigs were given a low bulk food C at all weights. After 21 days the pigs were slaughtered and measurements made on the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). In two additional treatment groups SBP60was offered from a weight of either 36 kg or 72 kg before SBP80was offered at 108 kg. Daily live-weight gain, after allowing for the effects of a change of gut fill, was less at all weights on the high bulk foods than on C. At all weights the high bulk foods caused a significant increase in the weights of the stomach, large intestine, caecum and gut fill. Effects on the weight of the small intestine were small. Previous nutrition had no significant effect on the adapted performance, or on the size of the GIT, of pigs given SBP80at 108 kg but pre-feeding SBP60significantly increased initial consumption of SBP80. Constrained intake was not directly proportional to live weight beyond 40 kg. The absolute capacity for bulk (Cap, kg water-holding capacity per day) was related to live weight (W, kg) by the quadratic function Cap = (0·192.W) - (0·000299.W2). The value of Cap is predicted to reach a maximum when W = 321 kg. The combined weights of the large intestine and caecum (WLIC) changed with W in ways that were similar to the way in which Cap changed. In addition the ratio of Cap to WLIC was close to constant. The combined weight of the large intestine and the caecum may determine the capacity for food bulk in pigs.

A note on dried, molassed sugar-beet pulp and unmolassed, pressed sugar-beet pulp as comparative foods for dairy cows

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Parkins ◽  
R. G. Hemingway ◽  
J. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Beet Pulp

ABSTRACTSugar-beet pulp as normally produced in Great Britain contains about 400 g molasses per kg dry matter (DM). It has been demonstrated that either a reduction in the amount or even the full removal of the molasses did not affect the yield or composition of the milk of cows (e.g. Ronning and Bath, 1962; Hemingway, Parkins and Fraser, 1986). The dried, shredded pulp without molasses was, however, generally less palatable.

Prediction of the voluntary intake of grass silages by beef cattle. 1. Linear regression analyses

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Rook ◽  
M. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linear Regressions

ABSTRACTData on individually recorded silage dry-matter intake (SDMI), concentrate dry-matter intake (CDMI) and live weight of steers and data on silage composition including toluene dry matter (TDM), pH, total nitrogen (N), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) obtained from experiments conducted at three sites were used to obtain simple and multiple linear regressions of SDMI on other variables.Live weight accounted for a high proportion of the variation in intake but this effect could generally be removed by scaling intake by live weight raised to the power of 0·75 (M0·75). CDMI was the most important factor affecting scaled intake in mixed diets. TDM, NH,-N and VFAs all had important effects on SDMI. The relationship of SDMI with TDM was curvilinear suggesting that there is little to be gained in intake terms from wilting to TDM above 250 g/kg. The effect of NH3-N appeared to be related more to its correlation with VFAs than with any other nitrogenous constituent while the VFAs appeared to have a direct effect on SDMI. The effects of N and pH on SDMI were generally small. DOMD and NDF had relatively little effect on SDMI. Significant differences in intercepts between sites were found for most relationships although common slopes were often found.

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