The Effect of Yeast Culture Addition to Diets of Grass and Grass Silage on Rumen Bacterial Numbers

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 98-98
Author(s):  
S.M. El Hassan ◽  
C.J. Newbold ◽  
R.J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
Stimulation Of

It has been suggested that the mechanism by which yeast cultures (YC), based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, improve ruminant production is by stimulating rumen fibre digestion and microbial protein flow from the rumen. Both of these effects have in turn been related to the increases in bacterial growth in the rumen observed when YC is added to the diet. However, although it is has been shown that the effectiveness of YC in improving productivity is influenced by the composition of the diet fed (Williams and Newbold, 1990), little is known about how the ability of YC to stimulate bacterial numbers in the rumen is affected by diet composition.The effect of diet on the stimulation of bacterial numbers in the rumen by YC was investigated in the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). Grass silage was prepared from a sward of perennial rye-grass, without the use of a preservative. Fresh grass was collected from the sward prior to ensilage and stored at -20°C. Grass (5.96 g dry matter (DM) /day) and grass silage (6.54 g DM/ day) were compared alone or supplemented with 500 mg / day YC (Yea-sacc, Alltech), in triplicate, in an experiment lasting 21 days.Four rumen cannulated sheep, allowed ad lib access to grass silage, were used to investigate further the effects of YC on bacterial numbers in the rumen in vivo. The effects of YC (4 g/ day) were investigated in a 2 × 2 factorial design with 28 day periods.

The use of dairy cow faeces rather than rumen liquor in the gas pressure transducer technique for assessing digestion kinetics in vitro

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 113-113
Author(s):  
D M Harris ◽  
A Barlet ◽  
A T Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Faecal Material ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Digestion Kinetics ◽  
In Sacco

The pressure transducer technique has been proposed as a method of evaluating feed degradation characteristics (Theodorou, 1993) and it has been shown to predict the in vivo and in sacco degradability of forages (Blummel and Orskov, 1993). However the original technique requires rumen liquor and hence access to surgically prepared animals. Faecal material is generally easier to obtain and this work assessed it's suitability as an alternative source of microbes.Rumen liquor (R) and faeces (F) were collected simultaneously from a rumenally fistulated lactating dairy cow. R was mixed 1:1 with modified van Soest medium and F 1:2 to obtain similar dry matter contents. Homogenised strained 20 ml aliquats were inoculated into vented 250 ml bottles containing 180 ml of modified van Soest medium and 1.5g DM of a 7:3 mixture of milled air dried grass silage and 180 g CP / kg DM concentrates. The 7:3 ratio of silage and concentrates was chosen to reflect the diet the donor cow was consuming.

The effect of feeding a dried yeast culture on the performance of beef cattle finishing on a grass silage based ration

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 74-74
Author(s):  
D G Chapple ◽  
H F Grundy ◽  
K P A Wheeler ◽  
S P Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Consumer Resistance ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Performance Enhancers ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

There is increasing consumer resistance to feeding antibiotic performance enhancers to beef cattle which has created interest in the use of yeast cultures as an alternative. Yeast cultures such as Diamond V ‘XP’ (Rumenco) are produced by growing selected yeast strains (on a semi-solid medium under stressed conditions) which are then dried. Yeast cultures are now used in a considerable number of North American beef feed lots. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of feeding ‘XP’ Yeast to finishing beef cattle on a typical UK grass silage-based diet.

Effect of a dried live yeast culture on in vivo apparent digestibility and on in vitro fibrolytic activity of large intestine fluid contents, in horses fed high fibre or high starch pelleted feeds

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 58-58
Author(s):  
B. Medina ◽  
D. Poillon ◽  
R. Power ◽  
V. Julliand
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Live Yeast

Performance horses are often fed very energetic diets including large amount of grains. Thus, a important quantity of soluble carbohydrate is bound to reach the hindgut, altering biochemical and microbial composition of the intestinal contents (Julliand et al., 1999) and leading to a wide variety of diseases like colic, laminitis and diarrhoea (Clarke et al., 1990). In high concentrate rations, live yeast cultures have been reported to stimulate specific groups of bacteria, and moderate large ruminal pH decreases (Williams et al., 1991). Therefore, this trial was designed to evaluate the effect of a live yeast culture preparation (Yea Sacc1026™) on the activity of the intestinal ecosystem (caecum and colon) of horses fed high fibre (HF) or high starch (HS) pelleted feeds. This current summary reports only the results of the nutrient digestibility in vivo and the ability in vitro of large intestine fluid contents to degrade straw.

The Influence of a dietary supplement of a dried yeast culture on milk yield and composition in dairy cows on grass silage

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 75-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rowlinson ◽  
S.P. Marsh ◽  
C. Tufnell ◽  
W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

There is considerable interest in the effect of dietary supplementation with probiotics or yeast cultures on diary cow performance. Yeast cultures such as Diamond V 'XP' are produced by growing selected yeast strains on a semi-solid medium under stressed conditions, which are then dried. Yeast cultures are now used by a majority of the high yielding herds in North America (McCullough 1995). The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of feeding 'XP' Yeast to a moderate-high yielding (X, 6800kg) herd of dairy cows fed a typical UK diet based on grass silage.72 recently calved Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were allocated to one of two dietary treatments on which they remained throughout 150 days of winter feeding. Both groups received ad libitum grass silage which had a Dry Matter of 224 g/Kg, an estimated ME of 10.8 MJ/Kg DM and a Crude Protein (CP) of 156 g/Kg DM.

The effect of forage type and host animal diet on the in situ rumen degradation of grass silage and pea/wheat bi-crops containing different pea varieties

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 87-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Salawu ◽  
A.T. Adesogan ◽  
R.J. Dewhurst
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Animal Diet

Compared to grass silage, pea/wheat bi-crops produce higher dry matter (DM) yields, higher feed intakes and nitrogen (N) retention (Adesogan et al., 2000). The improved performance of animals fed bi-crops may be due to a postulated synchronous supply of readily fermentable energy and protein for ruminal microbial protein synthesis. This study attempted to validate this theory by measuring the rumen degradability of grass silages and pea/wheat bi-crop silages containing different pea varieties. To determine if grass silage-fed animals could be used to determine the degradability of bi-crops, the effect of host animal diet on rumen degradation was also examined.

The use of dairy cow faeces rather than rumen liquor in the gas pressure transducer technique for assessing digestion kinetics in vitro

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 113-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Harris ◽  
A Barlet ◽  
A T Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Faecal Material ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Digestion Kinetics ◽  
In Sacco

The pressure transducer technique has been proposed as a method of evaluating feed degradation characteristics (Theodorou, 1993) and it has been shown to predict the in vivo and in sacco degradability of forages (Blummel and Orskov, 1993). However the original technique requires rumen liquor and hence access to surgically prepared animals. Faecal material is generally easier to obtain and this work assessed it's suitability as an alternative source of microbes.Rumen liquor (R) and faeces (F) were collected simultaneously from a rumenally fistulated lactating dairy cow. R was mixed 1:1 with modified van Soest medium and F 1:2 to obtain similar dry matter contents. Homogenised strained 20 ml aliquats were inoculated into vented 250 ml bottles containing 180 ml of modified van Soest medium and 1.5g DM of a 7:3 mixture of milled air dried grass silage and 180 g CP / kg DM concentrates. The 7:3 ratio of silage and concentrates was chosen to reflect the diet the donor cow was consuming.

The effect of oestradiol-17 β implantation on the response in voluntary intake, live-weight gain and body composition, to fishmeal supplementation of silage offered to growing calves

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Gill ◽  
D. E. Beever ◽  
P. J. Buttery ◽  
P. England ◽  
M. J. Gibb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Gross Efficiency ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Voluntary Intake

SummaryThe effect of oestradiol-17β on the response to fishmeal supplementation of grass silage was studied in young growing cattle. Voluntary intake and live-weight gain were recorded over 63 days with 36 British Friesian male castrates (initial live weight (LW) 119 kg) offered silage alone (C) or with 50 (FM1), 100 (FM2), or 150 (FM3) g fishmeal/kg silage dry matter. Twelve calves were allocated to each of treatments C and FM3 and six to treatments FM1 and FM2. Half of the calves on each treatment were ear-implanted with oestradiol-17β (Compudose 365) at the start of the experiment. The calves on treatments C and FM3 were slaughtered after 75 days and chemical analysis conducted on half of each carcass. The silage had an organic-matter digestibility in vivo of 0·794 and was well-fermented, with a pH of 3·7. Intake averaged 24·2±0·42 g D.M./kg LW over all the treatments and live-weight gain was 0·77 kg/day on the silage alone. There was a significant (P < 0·05) interaction between fishmeal and oestradiol-17β, such that response to the hormone was observed only in the presence of fishmeal at 100 or 150 g/kg silage D.M. A similar interaction was apparent between fishmeal at 150 g/kg silage D.M. and oestradiol-17β in the final weights of empty body and carcass. This level of fishmeal also increased protein gain from 96 to 147 g/day and this was further increased to 179 g/day in the implanted animals receiving fishmeal. However, the overall effect of oestradiol-17β on protein gain was not significant. Gross efficiency of energy utilization was significantly (P < 0·01) increased by fishmeal supplementation suggesting an improved balance of nutrients compared with the silage alone diet.

Milk production from grass silage diets: effects of silage characteristics and the amount of supplementary concentrate

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Aston ◽  
C. Thomas ◽  
S. R. Daley ◽  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
M. S. Dhanoa
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Concentrate Level ◽  
Design Experiments

AbstractHigh digestibility ryegrass was ensiled using either good methods including formic acid application (HDG) or poor methods without formic acid (HDP). Low digestibility ryegrass (LDG) and lucerne (LUC) were ensiled using similar methods to HDG. Digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DM) in vivo (DOMD) for HDG, HDP, LDG and LUC were 0·756, 0·774, 0·645 and 0·562 respectively. Silages were offered ad libitum to 40 HolsteinFriesian cows in two Latin-square design experiments during weeks 8 to 22 of lactation either alone (experiment 1) or with 3, 6, 9 or 12 kg concentrate DM per day (experiment 2). Relative intakes of silage given alone were respectively 1·00, 0·44, 0·98 and 0·79. Low intake of HDP could not be predicted from silage analysis. In experiment 2, DM intake increased by 0·11 kg and milk yield by 0·24 kg for each 0·010 change in grass silage DOMD. Intake of HDG, LDG and LUC declined linearly with increasing concentrate, on HDP the effect was non-linear and intake increased up to the 6 kg level.In experiment 1, milk and protein yields were greatest on HDG, protein yield was higher on LDG than LUC and fat concentration higher on HDP and LUC. With supplementation milk yield was greatest on HDG up to the 6 kg level, at higher levels differences between silages were not significant. Fat concentration was highest on LDG and protein highest on HDG and lowest on LUC. On all silages giving the highest concentrate level reduced the concentration and yield of fat. Protein concentration increased up to the 9 kg level. Fat plus protein yields reached a maximum on HDG with 6 kg concentrate DM per day and with 9 kg on the remaining silages.

Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast culture supplement on ruminal metabolism in buffalo calves given a high concentrate diet

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Kumar ◽  
V. K. Sareen ◽  
S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
In Sacco

AbstractThe effect of inclusion of live yeast culture (YC, Saccharomyces cerevisiae plus growth medium) in a high concentrate diet given to buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves on the rumen microbial population and fermentation pattern and in sacco dry matter disappearance of dietary constituents was examined. Six rumen-fistulated buffalo calves of about 120 kg live iveight were divided into two equal groups. The control group was given a diet consisting of, on a dry-matter basis, 0·90 kg ivheat straw, 1 kg berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) and ISO kg concentrate per day per calf and the yeast group the above diet plus 5 g YC which was put directly into the rumen via the fistula. After feeding this diet for 6 weeks (supplementation period), inclusion of YC was stopped and both groups were given the control diet for a period of 3 weeks to examine the performance of the YC group after withdrawal of YC. At week 4 of YC supplementation the pH was significantly increased (P < 0·01) and lactate concentration was decreased (P < 0·01) in the rumen fluid for up to 6 h post feeding. The number of total bacteria, total viable bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria, amylolytic bacteria and protozoa were increased proportionately by 0·554 (P < 002), 0·482 (P<0·01), 0·670 (P <0·01), 0·077 (P > 0·05) and 0·079 (P>0·05), respectively. The concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, particularly at 4 h post feeding (P < 0·01), acetate fP < 0·01) and propionate and the acetate to propionate ratio were higher in the YC compared with the control group. On YC inclusion, the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen was decreased while that of trichloracetic acid insoluble protein was marginally increased. All these differences in rumen variables started to disappear on YC withdrawal and values returned to control levels by the 3rd week after YC withdrawal. YC supplementation increased the in sacco dry-matter disappearance of various dietary components particularly after 3, 6 and 22 h incubation.

scholarly journals The Stationary-Phase Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Display Dynamic Actin Filaments Required for Processes Extending Chronological Life Span

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (22) ◽  
pp. 3892-3908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavla Vasicova ◽  
Renata Lejskova ◽  
Ivana Malcova ◽  
Jiri Hasek
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Phase Cell ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chronological Aging ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
Actin Cables ◽  
Mitochondrial Networks

Stationary-growth-phaseSaccharomyces cerevisiaeyeast cultures consist of nondividing cells that undergo chronological aging. For their successful survival, the turnover of proteins and organelles, ensured by autophagy and the activation of mitochondria, is performed. Some of these processes are engaged in by the actin cytoskeleton. InS. cerevisiaestationary-phase cells, F actin has been shown to form static aggregates named actin bodies, subsequently cited to be markers of quiescence. Ourin vivoanalyses revealed that stationary-phase cultures contain cells with dynamic actin filaments, besides the cells with static actin bodies. The cells with dynamic actin displayed active endocytosis and autophagy and well-developed mitochondrial networks. Even more, stationary-phase cell cultures grown under calorie restriction predominantly contained cells with actin cables, confirming that the presence of actin cables is linked to successful adaptation to stationary phase. Cells with actin bodies were inactive in endocytosis and autophagy and displayed aberrations in mitochondrial networks. Notably, cells of the respiratory activity-deficientcox4Δ strain displayed the same mitochondrial aberrations and actin bodies only. Additionally, our results indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction precedes the formation of actin bodies and the appearance of actin bodies corresponds to decreased cell fitness. We conclude that the F-actin status reflects the extent of damage that arises from exponential growth.

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