Milk production from grass silage diets: effects of silage characteristics and the amount of supplementary concentrate

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Aston ◽  
C. Thomas ◽  
S. R. Daley ◽  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
M. S. Dhanoa
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Concentrate Level ◽  
Design Experiments

AbstractHigh digestibility ryegrass was ensiled using either good methods including formic acid application (HDG) or poor methods without formic acid (HDP). Low digestibility ryegrass (LDG) and lucerne (LUC) were ensiled using similar methods to HDG. Digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DM) in vivo (DOMD) for HDG, HDP, LDG and LUC were 0·756, 0·774, 0·645 and 0·562 respectively. Silages were offered ad libitum to 40 HolsteinFriesian cows in two Latin-square design experiments during weeks 8 to 22 of lactation either alone (experiment 1) or with 3, 6, 9 or 12 kg concentrate DM per day (experiment 2). Relative intakes of silage given alone were respectively 1·00, 0·44, 0·98 and 0·79. Low intake of HDP could not be predicted from silage analysis. In experiment 2, DM intake increased by 0·11 kg and milk yield by 0·24 kg for each 0·010 change in grass silage DOMD. Intake of HDG, LDG and LUC declined linearly with increasing concentrate, on HDP the effect was non-linear and intake increased up to the 6 kg level.In experiment 1, milk and protein yields were greatest on HDG, protein yield was higher on LDG than LUC and fat concentration higher on HDP and LUC. With supplementation milk yield was greatest on HDG up to the 6 kg level, at higher levels differences between silages were not significant. Fat concentration was highest on LDG and protein highest on HDG and lowest on LUC. On all silages giving the highest concentrate level reduced the concentration and yield of fat. Protein concentration increased up to the 9 kg level. Fat plus protein yields reached a maximum on HDG with 6 kg concentrate DM per day and with 9 kg on the remaining silages.

scholarly journals Replacing grass silage with pea-barley intercrop silage in the feeding of the dairy cow

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PURSIAINEN ◽  
M. TUORI
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Barley Silage

The effect of replacing wilted grass silage (GS) with pea-barley intercrop silage (PBS) on feed intake, diet digestibility and milk production was studied with 8 multiparous Ayrshire-cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. Proportion of PBS was 0 (PBS0), 33 (PBS33), 67 (PBS67) or 100 (PBS100) % of silage dry matter (DM). The DM content was 559 and 255 g kg-1 for GS and PBS. Crude protein content was 131 and 170 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Pea-barley silage was more extensively fermented than GS with total fermentation acid content of 120 vs. 12 g kg-1 DM. Silage was fed for ad libitum intake and supplemented with on the average 13 kg concentrate per day. Silage DM intake was 9.2 (PBS0), 9.7 (PBS33), 9.0 (PBS67) and 7.1 (PBS100) kg per day (Pquadr. < 0.05). The energy corrected milk yield [30.3 (PBS0), 29.8 (PBS33), 30.3 (PBS67), 31.3 (PBS100) kg per day] was not significantly affected by the treatment. Milk protein concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in response to feeding PBS. It is concluded that PBS can replace up to two thirds of wilted, moderate quality GS in the feeding of dairy cows because in this experiment pure pea-barley silage reduced silage intake.

THE INVESTIGATION OF SODIUM BICARBONATE OR BENTONITE AS SUPPLEMENTS IN SILAGES FED TO LACTATING COWS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
V. G. MACKAY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows

Two experiments with lactating Holsteins were carried out to determine the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or bentonite, added to silage prior to feeding, as a means of increasing dry matter intake. In the first trials the feed, consisting of 10% grain mixture, 45% grass silage and 45% corn silage, was supplemented with 0, 0.6 or 1.2% bentonite in a 3 × 3 latin square utilizing 12 cows and 28-day test periods. Neither level of bentonite improved dry matter intake or milk yield. Milk composition, molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids, plasma calcium and phosphorus were not influenced by additions of bentonite. Apparent dry matter digestibility was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by the addition of bentonite at the 0.6 and 1.2% levels compared to the cows fed the unsupplemented ration. The digestibility of acid detergent fiber was lower (P < 0.05) for cows fed the silage mixture supplemented with 1.2% bentonite than for the controls. In the second trial a silage mixture consisting of approximately 30% grass silage and 70% corn silage was supplemented with either 0.8% NaHCO3, 2.1% bentonite or neither and fed in a 3 × 3 latin square utilizing 15 cows and 28-day treatment periods. Compared to control cows, neither NaHCO3 nor bentonite had any significant (P > 0.05) influence on dry matter intake, milk yield or rumen fermentation. However, the addition of NaHCO3 to the silage improved milk yield and feed conversion (P < 0.05) when compared to cows fed the silage supplemented with bentonite. It was concluded from these trials that bentonite should not be used as a supplement to silage diets fed to lactating cows. The results suggested that NaHCO3 supplementation had little if any beneficial effect when grass silage made up approximately 30% of the total diet. Key words: NaHCO3, bentonite, lactating cows, silage intake, digestibility

Effect of degradability of protein supplements on voluntary intake and nitrogen retention in young cattle fed grass silage

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Gill ◽  
P. England
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Gross Energy

ABSTRACTGrass silage was offered ad libitum to twelve 4-month-old British Friesian steers in an incomplete Latin-square experiment. The silage was given either alone or supplemented isonitrogenously with 50 g fish meal or 63 g groundnut meal per kg silage dry matter.Both protein supplements significantly increased the intakes of dry matter and organic matter by an amount about equivalent to the (calculated) contribution of the supplement (P < 0·05); they also increased the intakes of digestible organic matter and nitrogen (P < 0·001) but with no significant difference between supplements. Protein supplementation had no effect on the intake of indigestible organic matter.The digestibility coefficients of dry matter and of organic matter were significantly increased by supplementation (P < 0·05) as were the digestibility coefficients of gross energy and of nitrogen (P < 0·001). Nitrogen retention was also increased from 1·4 to 8·2 g/day (P < 0·001), with no significant difference between supplements.

Effect of formic acid and a formalin and sulphuric acid mixture on the intake and digestibility of grass silage

1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. McIlmoyle ◽  
J. C. Murdoch
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Effect Of Additives

ABSTRACTIn two experiments of Latin square design the effect of additives on the ad libitum intake of direct-cut perennial ryegrass silage and its digestibility by steers was determined. The diets were offered to British Friesian castrated male cattle, mean initial live weights 386 and 368 kg for Experiments 1 and 2 respectively. In Experiment 1, untreated silage was compared with silage treated with either formic acid (‘Add-F’) or a formalin and sulphuric acid mixture (‘Sylade’) each applied at the rate of 4·5 1/tonne of fresh herbage. The silages were offered either with or without 5 kg of supplement per day. In Experiment 2, silages treated with 4·5 and 9·0 1/tonne of the formalin and sulphuric acid mixture were compared. Silage treated with 4·5 1/tonne was offered either with or without 5 kg supplement/day. In Experiment 1, the application of an additive had no significant effect on silage digestibility. Although differences were not significant, the intake of silage dry matter was higher from additive-treated silage (91·2 and 80·6 g/kg W0·73 for the formalin and sulphuric acid mixture and the formic acid respectively) than from untreated silage (78·0 g/kg W0·73). Supplementation significantly reduced (P<0·05) silage dry-matter intake and crude fibre digestibility and significantly increased (P<0·05) total dry matter and digestible energy intake. Digestible energy intake from the formalin and sulphuric acid treated silage was significantly higher (P<0·05) than that from untreated silage but differences between the additive-treated silages were not significant.In Experiment 2, neither rate of application of the formalin and sulphuric acid mixture nor supplementation had any significant effect on intake.

The effect of type of concentrate and level of concentrate feeding on milk production

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Mayne ◽  
F. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Organic Matter Concentration ◽  
Matter Concentration

ABSTRACTTwenty-four British Friesian dairy cows in early lactation were used in a change-over design experiment with three periods, each of 4 weeks duration. The aim of the experiment was to assess the effects of both the type of concentrate and the level of concentrate supplementation on the utilization of grass silage for milk production. Four treatments consisted of offering 10 kg/day of either a barley (10B) or a sugar beet pulp-based concentrate (10S), each concentrate being offered at two crude protein concentrations of 175 (low) and 245 (high) g/kg dry matter. In a further two treatments the barley-based concentrates containing the low and high protein concentrations were offered at 7 kg/day (7B). All concentrates were offered in addition to the cows having ad libitum access to grass silage containing a dry-matter concentration of 213 g/kg and a digestible organic matter concentration of 668 g/kg dry matter.Silage dry-matter intakes (kg/day) for cows given the low- and high-protein concentrates respectively were: 9·06 and 9·28 for the 7B treatments; 8·21 and 8·33 for the 10B treatments; and 8·04 and 7·97 for the 10S treatments (pooled s.e. 0·11). Fat-corrected milk yields for cows given the low- and high-protein concentrates respectively were: 24·0 and 24·1 for the 7B treatments; 25·9 and 27·0 for the 10B treatments; and 25·7 and 26·2 for the 10S treatments (pooled s.e. 0·57).The higher level of concentrate feeding significantly increased milk yield (P < 0·001) whereas neither energy source nor protein concentration in the concentrates had a significant effect on milk yield (P > 0·05). There was a trend towards a greater response to increased protein concentration at the higher level of feeding.

scholarly journals Dry Matter Intake and In Vivo Digestibility of Grass-Only and Grass-White Clover in Individually Housed Sheep in Spring, Summer and Autumn

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
MaryAnne Hurley ◽  
Eva Lewis ◽  
Marion Beecher ◽  
Brian Garry ◽  
Christina Fleming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Key Drivers

Intake and digestibility are key drivers of animal production from grazed forage. The objective of this study was to compare the in vivo digestibility and voluntary dry matter (DM) intake of grass-only and grass-white clover (grass-clover) forage in individually housed sheep. This study was a Latin square design, repeated on three occasions in 2017: Spring (27 March–29 April), summer (19 June–22 July) and autumn (4 September–29 September). Grass-clover and grass-only swards were harvested daily and offered ad libitum to 6 individually housed wether sheep per treatment per period. Digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) were determined using the total faecal collection method. Dry matter intake was not significantly different between treatments. White clover inclusion increased forage crude protein concentration in autumn (p < 0.001) and reduced NDF concentration in the offered forage (p < 0.001), increasing nitrogen intake per sheep in autumn (p < 0.001) and decreasing NDF intake per sheep in autumn (p < 0.001). Grass-clover swards had a significantly greater OM and DM digestibility compared to grass-only swards (p < 0.05). This could potentially result in increased animal production from grass-clover swards compared to grass-only swards.

INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF CORN, RYE AND SORGHUM-SUDAN GRASS SILAGES BY LACTATING COWS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1027-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
J. R. LESSARD
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Eighteen lactating Holsteins were utilized in a 3 × 3 Latin square (49 d treatment−1) for a comparative estimation of the intake and digestibility of corn, rye and sorghum-sudan grass silages. The dry matter (DM), protein and acid detergent fiber contents were 32.5, 8.0, 27.0; 25.2, 8.7, 45.6 and 22.4, 10.6, 40.7 percent for corn, rye, and sorghum-sudan silages, respectively. Dry matter intake of the silage and milk yield were less (P < 0.05) for cows fed rye silage compared to those fed corn and sorghum-sudan grass silage. Cows lost body weight when fed rye silage but gained weight when fed either corn or sorghum-sudan grass silage. The feeding of rye silage resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) in milk protein percent compared to the feeding of corn or sorghum-sudan silage and in the percentage of milk lactose compared to the feeding of sorghum-sudan grass silage. Molar proportions of rumen acetate were higher (P < 0.05) when cows were fed either rye or sorghum-sudan silage compared to corn silage. Cows fed rye silage had higher molar proportions of rumen propionate and valerate and lower levels of butyrate (P < 0.05) compared to cows consuming sorghum-sudan silage. The digestibility of total ration DM was lower (P < 0.05) when either rye or sorghum-sudan silage was the forage portion of the ration compared to corn. It was concluded from this trial that sorghum-sudan silage provided a suitable source of forage for lactating dairy cows. However, the DM intake and milk yield of cows fed rye silage was less than satisfactory. Key words: Dairy cattle, rye, sorghum-sudan, silage, intake, digestibility

scholarly journals The effect of type of additive on rumen fermentation and digestion of grass silage in cattle

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
Aila Vanhatalo ◽  
Tuomo Varvikko ◽  
Ilmo Aronen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
The Other ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Matter Basis

Four grass silages made from a second cut cocksfoot-timothy grass were ensiled with the application of water, i. e., without additive (NA), formic acid (FA), lignosulfonate + formic acid + acetic acid (LFA) and cellulase + glucose oxidase enzymes (E), The silages were fed at maintenance level to four dry cows, which had been equipped with a rumen cannula and a simple T-shaped duodenal cannula, in a digestibility experiment designed as a 4x4 latin square. The silages and a mixture of barley and oats (1:1) were given at a ratio of 70:30 on a dry matter basis. All the silages were well preserved, but fermentation in the silo was more restricted in silages ensiled with acid-based additives. The enzyme treatment resulted in reduced levels of cell wall contents compared to the other silages. The apparent digestibilities of organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre with E silage were higher (P

Effect of untreated or chemically upgraded barley straw with highly digestible grass silage on intake and performance of lactating cows

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Phipps ◽  
R. F. Weller ◽  
R. J. Elliott ◽  
D. I. Givens ◽  
A. R. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Grass Silage

SUMMARYBetween weeks 3 and 18 of lactation, 141 British Friesians all received concentrate (metabolizable energy (ME) 12·9 MJ/kg dry matter (DM), 202 g crude protein (CP)/kg DM) at 8·0 kg fresh weight/day. In addition, cows received ad libitum either grass silage (ME 11·7 MJ/kg toluene DM; 219 gCP/kg DM) or a mixture containing grass silage and 15, 25 or 40% (DM basis) of winter barley straw (cv. Igri) either untreated (UTS) or treated (TS) with 4% NaOH. Forage treatments were imposed at either week 3 or week 9 of lactation.The mean forage DM intake of cows receiving grass silage only was 8·60 kg/day. When 15, 25 and 40% UTS was introduced into the rations at week 3 or 9 of lactation, forage DM intakes were 884, 8·43, 7·62 and 8·63, 8·83, 819 kg/day, respectively; the corresponding values for TS were 8·88, 855, 8·99 and 8·97, 8·98, 9·35 kg7sol;day. The milk yield of cows receiving grass silage only was 22·1 kg/day. When 15, 25 and 40% UTS was introduced into the rations at week 3 or 9 of lactation, milk yields were 21·1 kg/3, 20·1 kg/1, 20·1 kg/5 and 20·1 kg/1, 21·4, 20·5 kg/day, respectively; the corresponding values for TS were 21·8, 22·1, 21·3 and 22·5, 21·4, 22·6 kg/day. When averaged across the three inclusion rates, TS significantly increased forage intake (P < 0·05) and milk yield (P < 0·01) compared with UTS. Intermediate values were recorded for the diet with grass silage alone. The inclusion of TS in the ration did not affect milk yield compared with grass silage alone. No major changes in milk composition were recorded by the inclusion of either TS or UTS. However, the yields of milk fat, protein and lactose for the TS treatments were higher than for UTS and were significant for protein (P < 0·01) and lactose (P < 0·001). Cows with UTS in their ration tended to have lower live weight gains than either the control group or treatments with TS.When compared with grass silage only, the inclusion of TS or UTS decreased digestibility coefficients and ME contents, determined in vivo using wether sheep fed at maintenance. However, the treatment of straw with NaOH (4%) increased its digestibility coefficients of dry matter from 0·-393 to 0·668, of organic matter from 0·445 to 0·686, of acid detergent fibre from 0·442 to 0·713, gross energy from 0·438 to 0·640 and ME content from 7·0 to 9·4 MJ/kg DM.

In vivo apparent digestibility in ponies given rolled, micronised or extruded barley

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 133-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
B M L McLean ◽  
J J Hyslop ◽  
A C Longland ◽  
D Cuddeford ◽  
T Hollands
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Physical Processing ◽  
Adaptation Phase

Processed cereals are used routinely in diets for equines but little information is available on how physical processing affects the digestibility of cereals in equines. This study examines the effects of three physical processing methods (rolling, micronisation and extrusion) on the in vivo apparent digestibility of barley fed to ponies.Three mature caecally-fistulated Welsh-cross pony geldings, (LW 284kg ± 3.8kg) were used in a 3 x 4 incomplete latin square changeover design experiment consisting of four 21 day periods. Each period comprised a sixteen day adaptation phase and a five day recording phase when apparent digestibility in vivo was determined. Ponies were offered 4kg dry matter (DM) per day of either 100% hay cubes (HC) or one of three diets consisting of a 50:50 barley:hay cubes mix. The barley in the mixed diets was either rolled barley (RB), micronised barley (MB) or extruded barley (EB). Diets were offered in 2 equal meals per day fed at 09:00 and 17:00 hours respectively.

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