Dairy rations based on mixtures of grass silage and maize silage: responses to supplemental rumen fermentable starch and rumen degradable protein

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 82-82
Author(s):  
J.R. Newbold ◽  
H.W. Morris ◽  
N.G. Haggis
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Supplemental Nutrients ◽  
Degradable Protein

Compared with most grass silages, maize silage has a low ratio of rumen degradable protein: fermentable energy. Unlike grass silage, maize silage contains rumen fermentable starch. These differences imply that a different regimen of supplemental nutrients is required to optimise cow performance on rations containing maize silage compared with rations based on grass silage. The objective of this study was to define responses of dairy cows fed rations based on maize silage to supplements of rumen fermentable starch (RFS) and effective rumen degradable protein (ERDP).

scholarly journals Digestion of feed amino acids in the rumen and small intestine of dairy cows measured with nylon-bag techniques

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. van Straalen ◽  
J. J. Odinga ◽  
W. Mostert
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Total N ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Silage Maize

The disappearance of total N, non-protein-N and amino acid-N after washing, rumen incubation and intestinal passage of sugarbeet pulp, maize-gluten feed, maize feed meal, palm kernel meal, soyabean hulls, soyabean meal, grass silage, maize silage and concentrate was measured in four dairy cows using nylon-bag techniques. Disappearance of amino acid-N after washing varied between feedstuff's from 14 to 69% of feed amino acid-N, and was lower than disappearance of non-protein-N. For sugarbeet pulp, grass silage and maize silage, washing had a considerable effect on the amino acid profile. Disappearance of amino acid-N after rumen incubation was also lower than non-protein-N and varied between feedstuffs from 25 to 73% of feed amino acid-N. Rumen incubation had only a small effect on the amino acid profile of the residue after washing. Disappearance of amino acid-N in the intestine varied between feedstuffs from 70 to 99% of rumen undegraded amino acid-N, and was higher than the disappearance of non-protein-N. Intestinal incubation showed a considerable effect on the amino acid profile for all feedstuffs. It was concluded that protein that was assumed to escape rumen degradation and was absorbable in the intestine was higher in amino acids and methionine, and lower in non-amino acid-N and glutamic acid and proline compared with protein in the feedstuff.

An evaluation of a dried yeast culture on milk yield and composition in dairy cows fed grass and maize silage

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 84-84
Author(s):  
S. P. Williams ◽  
S. P. Marsh ◽  
D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

There is considerable interest in the effect of dietary supplementation with probiotics or yeast cultures on dairy cow performance. Yeast cultures such as Diamond V ‘XP’ are produced by growing selected yeast strains on a semi-solid medium under stressed conditions, which are then dried. They are now used by a majority of the high yielding herds in North America (McCullough, 1995) and have been shown to have a significant effect on butterfat and protein yield with grass silage fed UK dairy cows (Rowlinson et al., 1995). The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of feeding a yeast culture to a medium-high yielding (8,100 kg) herd of dairy cows fed a diet based on grass and maize silage.

Factors effecting the feeding value of maize and grass silage in late lactation dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 79-79
Author(s):  
F.J. Mulligan ◽  
F.P. O'Mara ◽  
M. Rath ◽  
P.J. Caffrey ◽  
J. Callan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Degradable Protein

Higher dry matter intakes (DMI) have been reported in dairy cows fed maize silage than in dairy cows fed grass silage. The objective of this experiment was to investigate this phenomenon by the measurement of digestibility and the determination of rumen outflow rates for both forages. The response in milk production of late lactation dairy cows to grass or maize silage was also measured.Fourteen late lactation multiparous dairy cows (n = 7) were fed diets containing either grass silage (GS) (DM: 197g/kg; pH: 4.05; NDF: 642g/kg DM) or high starch maize silage (MS) (DM: 339g/kg; pH: 3.94; starch: 360g/kg DM; NDF: 442g/kg DM) ad-libitum plus 4kgs/hd/day of a dairy concentrate (233g CP/kg DM). Urea (460g N/kg DM) was used as a source of degradable protein (10g/kg DM) for the MS diet which also included straw (40g/kg DM). Dietary NDF equalled 542 and 423g/kg DM for the GS and MS diet.

Acidogenicity of feeds for dairy cows. 2. Production responses

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 206-206
Author(s):  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
D. Wadhwa ◽  
L.P. Borgida ◽  
D.W.R. Davies ◽  
W.J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

Falling prices for cereals and beneficial effects on milk protein concentrations may promote greater inclusions of rapidly fermented ingredients in dairy rations. There is, however, a limit to the inclusion of these feeds into dairy rations beyond which performance declines due to sub-acidosis and related disorders. The feed compounder will need to be able to set limits on levels of feeding concentrates according to these risks. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of feeds of different acidogenicity (Wadhwa et al., 1998) on lactation performance of dairy cows offered diets based on grass- or maize-silage.Twelve multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows in the third month of lactation were used for this experiment. The experimental design involved adaptation and covariance recording on a standard diet (grass silage and 10 kg concentrates per day), followed by three 21-day experimental periods arranged as four 3x3 Latin Squares. The Latin Squares were constrained to a single forage to avoid difficulties in changeovers between grass silage and maize silage.

The Influence of a dietary supplement of a dried yeast culture on milk yield and composition in dairy cows on grass silage

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 75-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rowlinson ◽  
S.P. Marsh ◽  
C. Tufnell ◽  
W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

There is considerable interest in the effect of dietary supplementation with probiotics or yeast cultures on diary cow performance. Yeast cultures such as Diamond V 'XP' are produced by growing selected yeast strains on a semi-solid medium under stressed conditions, which are then dried. Yeast cultures are now used by a majority of the high yielding herds in North America (McCullough 1995). The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of feeding 'XP' Yeast to a moderate-high yielding (X, 6800kg) herd of dairy cows fed a typical UK diet based on grass silage.72 recently calved Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were allocated to one of two dietary treatments on which they remained throughout 150 days of winter feeding. Both groups received ad libitum grass silage which had a Dry Matter of 224 g/Kg, an estimated ME of 10.8 MJ/Kg DM and a Crude Protein (CP) of 156 g/Kg DM.

Incremental effects of ground rapeseed on digestion in lactating dairy cows

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
C.K. Reynolds ◽  
D. J. Humphries ◽  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
B. Lupoli ◽  
D.E. Beever
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Production Study ◽  
Fatty Acid Absorption

Crushed rapeseed and other oil seeds offer an economical source of fat and protein in diets for lactating dairy cows, but the potential inhibitory effects of their unsaturated fatty acids on fibre digestion in the rumen are a concern. Feeding crushed rapeseed in a grass silage-based ration increased milk yield without affecting intake (Reynoldset al., 1998), and had no measurable effects on rumen or total tract digestion (Reynoldset al., 2000). In a companion study, feeding increasing amounts of ground rapeseed in a maize silage-based ration decreased DM intake at higher levels of inclusion (Reynoldset al., 2002). This effect may reflect metabolic effects of rapeseed fatty acid absorption, or negative effects of rapeseed oil on rumen fermentation and fibre digestion. The present study was conducted simultaneously to the production study to determine the incremental effects of ground rapeseed on rumen, post-rumen and total tract digestion in lactating dairy cows fed maize silage-based rations.

Maize silage and Italian ryegrass silage as high-energy forages in organic dairy cow diets: Differences in feed intake, milk yield and quality, and nitrogen efficiency

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Baldinger ◽  
W. Zollitsch ◽  
W.F. Knaus
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Organic Dairy

AbstractDuring the winter feeding period in organic dairy production systems in the alpine and pre-alpine regions of Austria and its neighboring countries, maize silage is an energy-rich forage that is regularly included in grass-silage-based diets to improve the energy supply of the cows. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorumLam.) is also a high-energy fodder grass popular as forage for dairy cows, but it is rarely cultivated in Austrian organic agriculture. The two crops differ in their cultivation demands and characteristics. Italian ryegrass establishes rapidly and may reduce the risk of soil erosion. Italian ryegrass would be a beneficial addition to crop rotation, which is an essential tool in successful organic farming. In a 15-week feeding trial, Italian ryegrass silage and maize silage were fed to 22 lactating Holstein dairy cows. Organically produced Italian ryegrass silage and maize silage were included at a rate of 40% [of dry matter (DM)] in grass-silage-based mixed basal diets. The mixed basal diets were supplemented with modest amounts of additional concentrates (2.7–3.0 kg DM day−1). Owing to the higher energy content of maize silage as compared to Italian ryegrass silage, the maize diet provided more energy [6.3 MJ net energy for lactation (NEL) kg−1DM] than the ryegrass diet (6.15 MJ NEL kg−1DM). The protein supply of the maize diet and the ryegrass diet was intended to be equal, but in fact the protein content of the maize diet was significantly lower (122 g crude protein kg−1DM) than that of the ryegrass diet (141 g kg−1DM). When the maize diet was fed, feed intake, milk yield and milk protein content were significantly higher as compared to the ryegrass diet. Also, intake of crude protein was significantly lower when feeding the maize diet, and in combination with the higher milk protein yield, this enabled an efficiency of gross nitrogen (N) utilization as high as 0.304. This level of N efficiency can be considered as above average and was significantly and considerably higher than the level of 0.259 observed when the ryegrass diet was fed. Therefore, maize silage upholds its reputation as an ideal energy-rich component in grass-silage-based dairy cow diets.

scholarly journals Production and utilization of ensiled forages by beef cattle, dairy cows, pregnant ewes and finishing lambs - A review

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Keady ◽  
Seamus Hanrahan ◽  
Christina Marley ◽  
Nigel David Scollan
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

This paper reviews the production of, and factors affecting the performance of dairy cows, beef cattle and sheep offered silage based diets in Ireland and UK. Digestibility is the most important factor influencing the feed value of grass silage and consequently animal performance. Each 10 g kg-1 increase in digestive organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) increases milk yield of dairy cows by 0.33 kg d-1, carcass gain of beef cattle by 23.8 g d-1 , carcass gain of finishing lambs by 9.3 g d-1, lamb birth weight by 52.3 g and ewe weight post lambing by 1.3 kg, respectively. Factors influencing feed value of grass silage are discussed including harvest date, wilting, fertilizer management, chop length and use of additives at ensiling. Maize silage increases the performance of cattle and sheep whilst whole crop wheat silage has no beneficial effect. Advances in silage technology, has enabled the ensiling high protein forages, such as red clover, lucerne and kale.

Effects of the ratio of effective rumen degradable protein to fermentable metabolizable energy on voluntary intake and milk yields of dairy cows

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 184-184
Author(s):  
A.R.J. Cabrita ◽  
A.J.M. Fonseca ◽  
C. Sampaio ◽  
E. Gomes ◽  
R.J. Dewhurst
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Production Response ◽  
Degradable Protein

Diets with low ratios of effective rumen degradable protein (ERDP) to fermentable metabolizable energy (FME) are often offered to dairy cows in Portugal, because they are based on maize silage and protein sources are very expensive. It seems likely that this will restrict microbial protein synthesis and voluntary intake and, consequently, lead to reduced milk yields. The objective of this study was to examine the production response of dairy cows offered diets differing in ERDP/FME ratio.

Choice feeding of mid lactation dairy cows offered different levels of effective rumen degradable protein concentrate and grass silage ad libitum

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 201-201
Author(s):  
R E Lawson ◽  
J.M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Choice Feeding ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Degradable Protein

At a specific digestible ERDP content the diet of an individual cow will be correctly balanced. When the cow is offered two foods, one in excess of predicted requirements for ERDP, the other deficient in ERDP for the predicted level of production, then the cow has the opportunity to select a diet, which exactly meets her requirements for ERDP assuming it meets the predicted milk yield. The aim of this experiment was to examine if lactating dairy cows can choose a level of ERDP concentrate appropriate to their requirements.Twenty four mid lactation, Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were used for this experiment. The experiment was of latin square design and repeated measures analysis was used in SAS. They were fed grass silage (DM, 295g/kg; CP, 175g/kgDM; 11.5MJ/kgDM) ad libitum via the LUCIFIR (Leeds University Individual Feed Intake Recorder) system which enabled all meals to be recorded.

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