Aborigines - Was It Smallpox?

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
B. Wright

When the fleet of British warships and transports led by H.M.S. Supply entered Botany Bay on the 18th of January 1788, the white invasion of Aboriginal Australia had begun. Captain Arthur Phillip in Supply was followed over the next two days by H.M.S. Sirius, six transports and three store ships. On the 26th January the Frenchman, La Perouse, with the ships La Boussole and L’Astrolabe, arrived at Botany Bay and remained there until the 10th of March, 1788. Because of the open nature of the bay, its shallow water and the lack of plentiful fresh water, Phillip decided to move the settlement, and on the 25th January sailed to Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) in Supply, with the transports following on the 26th of January. The white invasion and occupancy of Australia started in reality when the whole of Phillip’s fleet and colonists were anchored at the east of Sydney Cove. On board Phillip’s eleven ships came 736 male and female convicts, 17 convict children, 211 marines accompanied by their wives and children.

Chemosphere ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1243-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony C. Roach ◽  
Renee Muller ◽  
Tatiana Komarova ◽  
Robert Symons ◽  
Gavin J. Stevenson ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
a.a. jones ◽  
w.t. white ◽  
i.c. potter

one of 353 port jackson sharks, heterodontus portusjacksoni, caught off the southern coast of western australia, was a hermaphrodite. the female reproductive tract consisted of a large (functional) right ovary with three large yolked ova, a small non-functional left ovary and two well-developed uteri and oviducal glands. the male tract comprised two conspicuous but undeveloped testes, two vas deferens and two calcified claspers with grooves. this individual represents the first published example of hermaphroditism in the order heterodontiformes and is a rare example of an elasmobranch with a complete suite of both male and female reproductive structures.


2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Glenn Harris ◽  
Julian Vrbancich ◽  
Jock Keene ◽  
John Lean

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 861 ◽  
Author(s):  
AK O'Gower

SCUBA observations show that Port Jackson sharks repeatedly visit specific resting sites on ocean reefs at South Bondi (New South Wales) and, when disturbed, move directly from one site to another. The sharks also use specific resting sites in Sydney Harbour and, when transferred by boat to different localities within the harbour, up to 3 km away, return to their original resting sites. The sharks migrate from as far south as Tasmania to Sydney Harbour to lay their eggs in specific sites. Speculative extrapolation from the above observations suggests that Port Jackson sharks must have a highly developed spatial memory.


1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1504-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley G. Stevens ◽  
William E. Donaldson ◽  
Jan. A. Haaga ◽  
J. Eric Munk

Paired male and female Tanner crabs, Chionoecetes bairdi, in a premating embrace were collected from shallow-(< 13 m) and deepwater (> 150 m) benthic environments by scuba and submersible, respectively. Pubescent females were restricted to shallow water; males grasping them were significantly smaller than those grasping oldshell multiparous females with eyed embryos in a large, deepwater mating aggregation. Males appeared to select for large sizes among pubescent females, but not among multiparous females, which were limited in size range. Grasping males were 82.6–166.2 mm carapace width (CW) [Formula: see text] and represented at least three different width frequency modes; all were larger than their female partners. Paired females represented two modes with mean CW ≈ 77 mm for pubescent and 99 mm for multiparous individuals. Only one to three of 176 male graspers were small-clawed (morphometrically immature), a statistically nonsignificant proportion; several others had partially regenerated claws but were otherwise morphometrically mature, as evidenced by the second right merus. These data support the hypothesis that the attainment of morphometric maturity, evidenced by a relatively large chela to body size ratio, is a prerequisite for functional maturity, the ability to mate competitively in wild populations.


2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 719-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Hatje ◽  
S.C. Apte ◽  
L.T. Hales ◽  
G.F. Birch

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy Sherman ◽  
Rosemary Hartman

Just like people, fish need a safe place to find food and grow up. For fish that travel between fresh water and the ocean, tidal wetlands are a perfect neighborhood, with lots of habitat and food. Tidal wetlands are areas of shallow water where tides from the ocean cover the land with water every day. Besides providing a home for fish and water-loving plants, tidal wetlands also help protect people and their property from natural disasters like storms, and from sea-level rise. People have not always understood the value of wetlands, so billions of acres of them have been filled to farm or build on. In the San Francisco Estuary, more than 90% of wetlands were converted to other uses in &lt;150 years! People now understand why wetlands are important, so protecting and restoring wetlands is a top priority.


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