scholarly journals The prosodic hierarchy of Swedish

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Myrberg ◽  
Tomas Riad
Keyword(s):  
Prosodic Word ◽  
Separate Category ◽  
Prosodic Phrase

We give an overview of the phonological properties and processes that define the categories of the prosodic hierarchy in Swedish: the prosodic word (ω), the prosodic phrase (φ) and the intonation phrase (ι). The separation of two types of tonal prominence, big accents versus small accents (previously called focal and word accent, e.g. Bruce 1977, 2007), is crucial for our analysis. The ω in Swedish needs to be structured on two levels, which we refer to as the minimal ω and the maximal ω, respectively. The minimal ω contains one stress, whereas the maximal ω contains one accent. We argue for a separate category φ that governs the distribution of big accents within clauses. The ι governs the distribution of clause-related edge phenomena like the initiality accent and right-edge boundary tones as well as the distribution of nuclear big accents.

German V2 and the PF-Interface: Evidence from Dialects

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. te Velde
Keyword(s):  
Main Clause ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Verb Second ◽  
Prosodic Word ◽  
German Dialects ◽  
Prosodic Phrase ◽  
Phonological Form ◽  
Pf Interface

This investigation of certain verb-second structures found in the German dialects Kiezdeutsch, Yiddish (both Eastern and Western), Bavarian, and Cimbrian, and to a more limited extent in colloquial German, leads to the hypothesis that Phonological Form, via the interface with the narrow syntax, provides three strategies for compliance with the verb-second restriction on main clauses. These are i) the remapping of two syntactic constituents into a single prosodic phrase, ii) the reduction and remapping of two or more words into a single prosodic word, and iii) the prosodic marking of the syntactic edge of a main clause where a restart of the clause occurs. The investigation, using minimalist tools, underscores the central role of the syntax-phonology interface without eliminating the need for the semantic interface in the derivation of German verb-second structures.*

Melancholia as a DSM-5 specifier or a separate category?

2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 39-40
Author(s):  
Leonardo Tondo ◽  
Gustavo H. Vázquez ◽  
Ross J. Baldessarini
Keyword(s):  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Separate Category

The Medium and the Message

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Prosodic Word ◽  
Special Stress ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Phonological Phrase ◽  
The Relationship

In natural communication, the medium through which language is transmitted plays an important and systematic role. Sentences are broken up rhythmically into chunks; certain elements receive special stress; and, in spoken language, intonational tunes are superimposed onto these chunks in particular ways — all resulting in an intricate system of prosody. Investigations of prosody in Israeli Sign Language demonstrate that sign languages have comparable prosodic systems to those of spoken languages, although the phonetic medium is completely different. Evidence for the prosodic word and for the phonological phrase in ISL is examined here within the context of the relationship between the medium and the message. New evidence is offered to support the claim that facial expression in sign languages corresponds to intonation in spoken languages, and the term “superarticulation” is coined to describe this system in sign languages. Interesting formaldiffer ences between the intonationaltunes of spoken language and the “superarticulatory arrays” of sign language are shown to offer a new perspective on the relation between the phonetic basis of language, its phonological organization, and its communicative content.

Department of Clarification

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 318-318
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Simple Manner ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Separate Category

Dr Allen L. Hoekman of Harrison, SD, has written as follows: I would appreciate clarification on an inconsistency I've noticed in William Weston's article, "Dermatoses of the Foot" (PIR 1985;7:45). On page 45 and in Table 2, it says that scabies does not involve the plantar surface of the foot. On page 49, it says that scabies can involve the plantar surface (weight-bearing surface). Please clarify. William L. Weston has replied: I agree with Dr Hoekman that it is confusing in the article as to whether or not the weight-bearing surface of the foot is involved in scabies. Clearly, involvement of the weight-bearing surface of the foot in scabies may occur, although the lesions occur predominantly over the dorsum of the foot and extend onto the ankle. For the purposes of making the algorithm in the article work in a simple manner, scabies was placed in this category to help with rapid diagnosis. However, it is clear that scabies can involve the weight-bearing surface of the foot; involvement of this area does not exclude the diagnosis. The algorithm would have perhaps been better if I had included a separate category for involvement of both the sole and the dorsum of the foot, but I believed this would have made the algorithm too complex.

scholarly journals Abstraction-based Efficiency in the Lexicon

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Word Boundary ◽  
New Words ◽  
Prosodic Word ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
Spoken Words ◽  
Listening Experience ◽  
Candidate Set ◽  
Novel Words

AbstractListeners learn from their past experience of listening to spoken words, and use this learning to maximise the efficiency of future word recognition. This paper summarises evidence that the facilitatory effects of drawing on past experience are mediated by abstraction, enabling learning to be generalised across new words and new listening situations. Phoneme category retuning, which allows adaptation to speaker-specific articulatory characteristics, is generalised on the basis of relatively brief experience to words previously unheard from that speaker. Abstract knowledge of prosodic regularities is applied to recognition even of novel words for which these regularities were violated. Prosodic word-boundary regularities drive segmentation of speech into words independently of the membership of the lexical candidate set resulting from the segmentation operation. Each of these different cases illustrates how abstraction from past listening experience has contributed to the efficiency of lexical recognition.

Templates as the interaction of recursive word structure and prosodic well-formedness

Phonology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ara Guekguezian
Keyword(s):  
Word Structure ◽  
Prosodic Word ◽  
Templatic Morphology ◽  
Special Apparatus ◽  
Whole Word

Templatic morphology involves the appearance of a fixed shape on a morpheme in a specific morphological context. This paper makes two claims: the morphological context of a template is syntactically cyclic, resulting in recursive prosodic word structure, and the shape of a template results from prosodic well-formedness conditions on the internal prosodic word. Templatic morphology in Chukchansi Yokuts illustrates these claims: affixes that trigger templates transfer the root to the phonology before other material is transferred, so that the root forms a prosodic word which is internal to the whole word. Roots with one underlying vowel are augmented to meet a disyllabic minimality requirement on prosodic words; the resulting disyllable forms a light–heavy iamb, to optimally satisfy Chukchansi parsing requirements. Templatic morphology falls out from the predictable interaction of the syntax–phonology interface and general phonological properties of a language, and needs no special apparatus or diacritics.

scholarly journals A child sexual abuse clinic

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 288-290
Author(s):  
S. Handy ◽  
C. Feehan ◽  
J. Burnham ◽  
Q. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Separate Category

It is only in the very recent past that health care professionals have accepted the reality of child sexual abuse (CSA), and it has only been classified as a separate category in Index Medicus since 1987. Since then, the literature has expanded enormously and various treatment strategies have developed.

Armenian prosody in typology and diachrony

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica DeLisi
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Secondary Stress ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Primary Stress ◽  
Prosodic Word ◽  
History Of ◽  
Final Syllable ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stress Patterns

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between typology and historical linguistics through a case study from the history of Armenian, where two different stress systems are found in the modern language. The first is a penult system with no associated secondary stress ([… σ́σ]ω). The other, the so-called hammock pattern, has primary stress on the final syllable and secondary stress on the initial syllable of the prosodic word ([σ̀ … σ́]ω). Although penult stress patterns are by far more typologically common than the hammock pattern in the world’s languages, I will argue that the hammock pattern must be reconstructed for the period of shared innovation, the Proto-Armenian period.

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