Department of Clarification

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 318-318
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Simple Manner ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Separate Category

Dr Allen L. Hoekman of Harrison, SD, has written as follows: I would appreciate clarification on an inconsistency I've noticed in William Weston's article, "Dermatoses of the Foot" (PIR 1985;7:45). On page 45 and in Table 2, it says that scabies does not involve the plantar surface of the foot. On page 49, it says that scabies can involve the plantar surface (weight-bearing surface). Please clarify. William L. Weston has replied: I agree with Dr Hoekman that it is confusing in the article as to whether or not the weight-bearing surface of the foot is involved in scabies. Clearly, involvement of the weight-bearing surface of the foot in scabies may occur, although the lesions occur predominantly over the dorsum of the foot and extend onto the ankle. For the purposes of making the algorithm in the article work in a simple manner, scabies was placed in this category to help with rapid diagnosis. However, it is clear that scabies can involve the weight-bearing surface of the foot; involvement of this area does not exclude the diagnosis. The algorithm would have perhaps been better if I had included a separate category for involvement of both the sole and the dorsum of the foot, but I believed this would have made the algorithm too complex.

scholarly journals Inadequate thickness of the weight-bearing surface of claws in ruminants : clinical review

2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Shakespeare
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Frictional Coefficient ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
White Line ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Lactation Cycle

The term 'thin soles' refers to the suboptimal thickness of the weight-bearing surface of claws in ruminants. These palmar / plantar surfaces of the claws support the weight of the animal and consist of the distal wall horn, the sole proper, the heel and the minute white line area. The sole should normally only bear weight on uneven or undulating surfaces. A decrease in the thickness of the weight-bearing claw surface will decrease the protective function of this structure and may alter the proportion of weight-bearing by each section with possible detrimental effects on hoof function. Horn tissue readily absorbs water and becomes softer which can lead to increased wear rates. Growth rates normally match wear rates but, unlike the latter, time is needed for the growth rate response to adapt to changes in wear rate. Concrete surfaces can be abrasive and dairy cows that spend their lactation cycle on these floors should be let out to pasture in the dry period so that their claws can recoup lost horn. Frictional coefficient is a measure of the 'slipperiness' of hooves on various surfaces. Newly laid or fresh concrete is not only abrasive but the thin surface suspension of calcium hydroxide that forms has a very alkaline pH which causes keratin degradation and is mostly responsible for the excessive claw wear that occurs. Four case studies are used to illustrate the importance of the distal wall horn, the dangers of over-trimming and the effects of disease and concrete on horn growth and wear rates.

836 Custom Fabricated Open Anterior Ankle Foot Orthosis to Promote Early Mobility with Lower Extremity Grafts

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S256-S257
Author(s):  
Lisa LePage
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Early Mobility ◽  
Foot Placement ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Distal Aspect ◽  
Foot Orthosis

Abstract Introduction Distal lower extremity STSG’s present a challenge with the balance of early mobility and immobilization of the ankle. Traditional commercially available ambulation boots or pre-fabricated orthotics may impose circumferential compression endangering graft integrity. Custom fabricated posterior AFO’s comprised of thermoplastic, scotch cast or fiberglass materials are not recommended for weight-bearing of the lower extremity during mobility/ambulation. What may also hinder promotion of early mobility is having a multitude of injuries or advanced age with decreased ability to adhere to a LE NWB status. An anterior approach to immobilization of the ankle was thought of to free the plantar surface of the foot for weight-bearing. The open concept of the orthosis itself minimizes direct contact with the involved LE graft. This promotes graft integrity during mobility with ankle immobilization. Methods Materials: Thermoplastic material, scissors, strapping, dense adhesive foam, adhesive Velcro and a heat gun. Fabrication: Measure the point of distance between where the desired proximal end of the orthosis would be to the patient’s metatarsal heads on the dorsal aspect of the foot; double it to calculate the amount of material needed. The width of the material should be approx. 3 to 4 inches. Warm material and tri-fold it together reducing width to approx. 1 ½ to 2 inches to increase stability. Shape the folded material into a continuous oval and place on the patient’s distal LE. As the material cools, shape the oval away from the medial/ lateral aspects of the distal LE restricting the points of contact to the anterior most proximal and distal aspect of the desired splint parameters. Remove once cooled and add dense adhesive foam to the 2 points of contact that will rest against the patient. This will allow for a slight area of “give” against the patient during weight-bearing of the LE/foot. Velcro and straps are added to the proximal/distal ends of the oval; heating the adhesive side will imbed the Velcro allowing increased durability with repeated donning/doffing. Results The open construction of this orthosis allows different degrees of weight-bearing eliminating contact with the distal LE STSG. The forefoot and heel are available to weight bear safely within the confines of the open anterior ankle foot orthosis. Conclusions Patients have been trialed with/without an AD with success in the achievement of ankle immobilization with mobility. Weight-bearing instructions that accompany this splint wear is foot placement rather than a normal heel strike cadence to avoid undue pressure at the proximal aspect of the splint on the lower extremity. Applicability of Research to Practice This splint has been successfully utilized for immobilization without compromise to STSG integrity due to the anterior open support it offers the ankle. Perhaps this concept could be applied to other joints to avoid direct contact of the splint with STSG during the initial stages of healing.

scholarly journals Mosaic arthroplasty of the medial femoral condyle in horses — An experimental study

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Bodó ◽  
Gábor Vásárhelyi ◽  
László Hangody ◽  
László Módis
Keyword(s):  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Medial Femoral Condyle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Femoral Trochlea ◽  
Osteochondral Grafts ◽  
Mosaic Arthroplasty

One Arabian and 5 Hungarian half-bred horses were used to study the macroscopic and microscopic survival of autologous osteochondral grafts in the weight-bearing surface of the medial femoral condyle (MFC). Grafts were harvested from the cranial surface of the medial femoral trochlea (MFT) under arthroscopic control. Three of them were transplanted into the weight-bearing surface of the contralateral MFC using an arthrotomy approach. Three months later this transplantation procedure was repeated on the opposite stifle joints in the same animals, but at that time transplantation was performed arthroscopically. Follow-up arthroscopy was carried out 12 months after the first operations, and biopsies were taken from both the recipient and the donor sites for histological examination. During follow-up arthroscopy, the transplanted areas looked congruent and smooth. Microscopically, the characteristics of hyaline cartilage were present in 5 out of the 10 biopsies examined; however, in the other half of biopsies glycosaminoglycan (GAG) loss and change in the architecture of the transplanted cartilage was observed. In a 16-year-old horse, all grafts broke during harvesting, and thus transplantation was not performed. No radiological signs of osteoarthritic changes were detected 9 to 12 months after the operations in the donor and recipient joints. Clinically, no lameness or effusion was present three months after the transplantations.

Reconstruction of the Weight-Bearing Surface of the Foot with Nonneurosensory Free Flaps

2003 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 2230-2236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet S??nmez ◽  
Mehmet Bayrami??li ◽  
Burcu S??nmez ◽  
Ayhan Numano??lu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Free Flaps ◽  
Bearing Surface

scholarly journals Sensate composite calcaneal flap in leg amputation: a full terminal weight-bearing surface—experience in eight adult patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Livani ◽  
Gabriel Castro ◽  
Jose Roberto Tonelli Filho ◽  
Tâmara Ramos Morgatho ◽  
Mauricio Leal Dias Mongon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Leg Amputation

scholarly journals Ultrasound Therapy in the Treatment of Plantar Wart: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol SP (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Dhankher ◽  
Sakshi ◽  
Dimple Choudhry
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Plantar Wart ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
History Of ◽  
Plantar Warts

Verucae or plantar warts is a painful skin condition that demonstrates a high resistance to various treatments. They can be caused by trauma or human papilloma virus. The infection is mostly caused by a breach in the skin. The virus is usually contacted by walking barefoot in community swimming pool areas. The condition is common in sports persons. Our research focused on warts that occur on plantar surface of foot also known as plantar warts. They result in pain with pressure on weight bearing surfaces so walking is difficult and painful. Risk factors include using community showers barefoot, previous history of warts and decreased immune function. Case Report: We present a case report of a female aged 24 years who was clinically diagnosed with plantar wart. She developed recurrent plantar warts. For a year she was treated with pairing and punch excision with no success. Then ultrasound program was initiated with dosage of 0.6 watt /cm2 and increased up to 1 watt/cm2 for 15 min given at 1-week interval for 15 weeks. At the end of 15th week, the plantar wart had completely disappeared.

Cutaneous microvascular flow in the foot during simulated variable gravities

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (4) ◽  
pp. R961-R966
Author(s):  
D. S. Chang ◽  
G. A. Breit ◽  
J. R. Styf ◽  
A. R. Hargens
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
External Compression ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Gravitational Fields ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Opening Load

Our objective was to understand how weight bearing with varying gravitational fields affects blood perfusion in the sole of the foot. Human subjects underwent whole body tilting at four angles: upright [1 gravitational vector from head to foot (Gz)], 22 degrees (0.38 Gz), 10 degrees (0.17 Gz), and supine (0 Gz), simulating the gravitational fields of Earth, Mars, Moon, and microgravity, respectively. Cutaneous capillary blood flow was monitored on the plantar surface of the heel by laser Doppler flowmetry while weight-bearing load was measured. At each tilt angle, subjects increased weight bearing on one foot in graded load increments of 1 kg beginning with zero. The weight bearing at which null flow first occurred was determined as the closing load. Subsequently, the weight bearing was reduced in reverse steps until blood flow returned (opening load). Mean closing loads for simulated Earth gravity, Mars gravity, Moon gravity, and microgravity were 9.1, 4.6, 4.4, and 3.6 kg, respectively. Mean opening loads were 7.9, 4.1, 3.5, and 3.1 kg, respectively. Mean arterial pressures in the foot (MAP(foot)) calculated for each simulated gravitational field were 192, 127, 106, and 87 mmHg, respectively. Closing load and opening load were significantly correlated with MAP(foot) (r =0.70, 0.72, respectively) and were significantly different (P < 0.001) from each other. The data suggest that decreased local arterial pressure in the foot lowers tolerance to external compression. Consequently, the human foot sole may be more prone to cutaneous ischemia during load bearing in microgravity than on Earth.

Digital pad transposition for replacement of the metacarpal or metatarsal pad in dogs

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Olsen ◽  
RC Straw ◽  
SJ Withrow ◽  
AW Basher
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Clinical Cases

A technique for digital pad transposition is described and illustrated. This technique has application for use in cases of metacarpal or metatarsal pad neoplasia or severe trauma. The transposed digital pad will provide a weight-bearing surface of heavy, keratinized epidermis in cases where the normal metacarpal or metatarsal footpad has been removed. The use of the technique in four clinical cases of footpad neoplasia also is reported.

scholarly journals Assessing the Weight-Bearing Surface in Dysplastic Acetabulae: The Sourcil Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
John V. Horberg ◽  
J. Ross Bailey ◽  
Tim A. Mikesell ◽  
R. David Graham ◽  
D. Gordon Allan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Bearing Surface

scholarly journals The clinical assessment of the normal and abnormal foot during locomotion

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Manley ◽  
E. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Corrective Surgery ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Abnormal Gait ◽  
Subjective Judgement ◽  
Quantitative Visualization ◽  
The Many ◽  
Dynamic Loading Conditions

The clinical assessment of the weight-bearing foot during locomotion is normally based on subjective judgement rather than on quantitative measurement. Although anatomical abnormalities are often apparent at examination, the accurate assessment of an abnormality of function is more difficult to assess particularly if the abnormality is only apparent under dynamic loading conditions. The many drawbacks in previous methods proposed for the clinical assessment of gait have led to the development of a novel system which allows an immediate quantitative visualization of the magnitude and point of application of the forces applied to the plantar surface of the foot during locomotion. This paper describes the technique and presents visual data on normal locomotion, on abnormal locomotion and the changes induced into a patient's abnormal gait by corrective surgery.

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