scholarly journals VI.—The Body-Temperature of Fishes and other Marine Animals.

1908 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 66-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutherland Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
The Body ◽  
Shore Crab ◽  
First Year ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Image Position

SUMMARYThe body-temperature of the following fishes, crustaceans, and echinoderms has been examined and compared with the temperature of the water in which they live:—Cod-fish (Gadus morrhua), ling (Molva vulgaris), torsk (Brosmius brosme), coal-fish or saithe (Gadus virens), haddock (Gadus œgelfinus), flounder (Pleuronectes flesus), smelt (Osmerus eperlanus), dog-fish (Scyllium catulus), shore crab (Carcinus mœnas), edible crab (Cancer pagurus), lobster (Homarus vulgaris), sea-urchin (Echinus esculentus), and starfish (Asterias rubens). The minimum, maximum, and mean temperature difference for each species are given in the following table:—The excess of temperature is most evident in the larger specimens. This is well shown in the case of the coal-fish, where in the adult it was 0°·7 C., and in the great majority (11 out of 12) of the young of the first year, 0°·0 C. The body-weight and the conditions under which the fish are captured probably form the most important factors in determining the temperature difference.In 14 codfish, where the rectal, blood, and muscle temperatures were recorded in the same individual, it was found to be highest in the muscle and lowest in the rectum, the mean temperature difference being 0°·46 C. for the muscle, 0°·41 C for the blood, and 0°·36 C. for the rectum.

Body Temperature of Young Lambs

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Hamdy ◽  
C. R. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean

The body temperatures of 37 Merino and Shropshire lambs were recorded for the first 100 days of life. Mean temperature of Merino lambs was found to be 102.8°F with a range of 100.2°– 104.0°F while the mean temperature of Shropshire lambs was 102.7°F with a range of 101.2°–104.4°F. There was no relation between the internal and atmospheric temperatures. Again, the correlation between the body and atmospheric temperatures within limited age groups was not statistically significant. The temperature of older lambs was less variable than that of younger lambs.

Mean Temperature Difference Charts for Air Coolers

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 592-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pignotti ◽  
G. O. Cordero
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Air Cooler ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Water Ratio

Computer generated graphs are presented for the mean temperature difference in typical air cooler configurations, covering the combinations of numbers of passes and rows per pass of industrial interest. Two sets of independent variables are included in the graphs: the conventional one (heat capacity water ratio and cold fluid effectiveness), and the one required in an optimization technique of widespread use (hot fluid effectiveness and the number of heat transfer units). Flow arrangements with side-by-side and over-and-under passes, frequently found in actual practice, are discussed through examples.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Tympanic Thermometry for diagnosing Acute Otitis Media

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Ghulam Saqulain ◽  
Arfat Jawaid
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
P Value ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Ear Wax ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is a common upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in children and usually presents with fever and otalgia. AOM is characterized by congested tympanic membrane and possible increase in temperature, which might be picked up by infrared tympanic thermometry. The objective of this study was to compare the temperature difference of tympanic membrane of affected ear with the unaffected ear and axilla in unilateral acute otitis media, and compare it with the control group.Material and Methods: This case control study comprised of 200 cases of both genders, aged up to 5 years. They were divided into two groups; Group A included 100 clinically diagnosed cases of acute otitis media (AOM), who reported in the ENT Outpatient Department (OPD) and Group B included 100 controls who presented in General Filter Clinic with no ear complaints. Cases with chronic ear disease, ear discharge, and use of local drugs including ear drops, impacted ear wax, tragal tenderness and congenital malformations of the ear were excluded by taking a detailed history. Clinical examination including otoscopy by an expert was done before subjecting patients to axillary and tympanic thermometry measurements and data recording. Data was collected and tabulated using Microsoft Excel Worksheet and analyzed by SPSS 16. Qualitative data like gender were presented as percentage and ratio, while means and standard deviation were calculated for the quantitative data. Difference between the means of experimental and control groups were analyzed by independent sample t-test and P value of less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as significant.Results: This study included 100 cases of unilateral AOM and 100 normal controls without AOM. In patients with AOM, the mean temperature difference between the affected ear and axilla was 1.41ºF as compared to 0.075ºF in controls (p=0.026). While the mean temperature difference between the affected ear and other ear was 0.65ºF as compared to 0.19ºF in controls (p=0.069).Conclusion: In acute otitis media, the temperature of affected ear is significantly higher than axilla but was not significantly higher than the other ear. The finding may help establish thermometry as a diagnostic tool in clinics manned by doctors not competent to do otoscopy.

scholarly journals PRE AND POSTPRANDIAL THERMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF GREEN IGUANAS (IGUANA IGUANA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Simona Rusu ◽  
Zdenek Knotek ◽  
Radu Lacatus ◽  
Ionel Papuc
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Significant Temperature ◽  
Green Iguanas ◽  
The Right ◽  
Head Temperature

Abstract The body temperature of 10 clinically healthy green iguanas (Iguana iguana) was measured using a thermographic camera (FLIR E6, Flir Systems Sweden) before and after the food was offered. For each animal there were performed a total of 6 measurements (3 before feeding and 3 after the food was offered). The purpose of this experiment was to observe the thermographic pattern of the body before and after the feeding, since herbivore reptiles tend to bask after the feeding to increase the body temperature that will help them afterwards digest the food. The animals were housed in individual vivariums with every animal having a basking spot available. The pictures were taken outside the vivarium in an adjacent room. The animals were handled with gloves and transported in a cardboard box in order to avoid heat transfer between the handler and the iguana that would have produced thermal artefacts. Each individual was placed on a table on a styrofoam slate, again, to avoid the heat transfer between the table and the animal`s body. For each animal a total of 4 pictures were taken (up, front, left and right). The pictures were analysed with the FLIR Tools program that is provided by the manufacturer and 3 temperatures were taken into consideration (the head temperature, body temperature on the right side and body temperature on the left side). The temperatures were compared between them and with the temperature of the vivariums that consisted of the average between the temperature in 3 different spots (basking spot, the feeding bowl site and the coldest spot) measured with an infrared thermometer GM300 (Benetech, China). The temperature of the body was dependent on the vivarium temperature and it was a significant temperature difference between the measurements before the feeding and after the feeding. Also we discovered a significant difference between the head temperature and the body temperature on the left side before the feeding that disappeared after the animals ate. There was also a significant difference between the temperature on right side and on left side of the animals both before and after the feeding. No significant temperature difference was observed between the head and the right side of the body neither before nor after the feeding.

XI.—An Investigation into the Effects of Seasonal Changes on Body Temperature

1913 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 110-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutherland Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Temperature Curve ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
June July

SummaryMonthly observations, extending over one year, were made on the rectal temperature of 114 domestic fowls (Gallus gallus, ♀) and records from forty-one of these were obtained for two years. Six different breeds were used, each located in a separate pen, all under similar conditions, and the mean temperatures for each group were plotted out to form an annual temperature curve. It was found that—1. The lowest temperatures occur in December, January, and February, and the highest in June, July, and August, corresponding in a general way with the temperature of the external air.2. Barometric pressure does not appear to have any influence on the body temperature of the hen.3. The curve of egg-production does not coincide with the annual temperature curve, the former reaching its highest level in April and May, the latter in June, July, and August.If we compare the mean rectal temperature at two periods of the year when the external or weather conditions are approximately the same (April-May and September-October), but when the vitality of the birds, as indicated by the curve of egg-production, moulting, etc., is at a maximum and minimum respectively, we find that the figures are practically identical. This would seem to show that cyclical bodily changes have little effect on body temperature as compared with outside influences.

Mean Temperature Difference for Heat Exchanger Design—A General Approximate Explicit Equation

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Roetzel ◽  
F. J. L. Nicole
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Approximate Equation ◽  
Explicit Equation ◽  
Fast Calculation ◽  
Heat Exchanger Design ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Shell And Tube ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Empirical Coefficients

An approximate equation together with empirical coefficients is presented for the fast calculation of the mean temperature difference of nine countercurrent cross-flow arrangements, as applied in air-cooled heat exchangers. The same equation can be used for other flow systems, as demonstrated for one shell-and-tube arrangement.

Heart rate and body temperature during free diving of Weddell seals

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. R344-R351 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Hill ◽  
R. C. Schneider ◽  
G. C. Liggins ◽  
A. H. Schuette ◽  
R. L. Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Weddell Seal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weddell Seals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Slow Onset

We have developed and successfully used the first microprocessor-controlled monitors for collection of data on depth, heart rate, and body temperature of one fetal and five adult male freely swimming Weddell seals. Adult seals almost invariably experienced a prompt bradycardia at the start of each dive, and the mean heart rate during diving was significantly lower for dives greater than 20 min (P greater than 0.999). The heart rate was also significantly greater during the ascent portion of dives when compared with the descent portion (P greater than 0.95). The fetal seal experienced a slow onset of bradycardia when its mother dived; during diving the fetal heart rate decreased by an average of 1.1 beats/min for each minute of the dive. The fetal heart rate generally took approximately 10 min to recover to predive levels after its mother resurfaced to breathe. The body temperature of one adult male Weddell seal showed a decrease of greater than 1.5 degrees C from resting levels before dives of greater than 15 min were initiated and a drop of over 2 degrees C before dives of greater than 30 min duration.

The significance of the coat in heat tolerance of cattle. II. Effect of solar radiation on body temperatures

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

An experiment was performed to test the effect of solar radiation on the body temperatures of cattle, both clipped and with hair coat, in a clear transparent plastic covering as compared with cattle in a white reflective plastic covering. The mean body temperature of the animals in white plastic coats was 0.15°F lower than that of animals in clear plastic coats. This difference was highly significant statistically (P< 0.001). Animals in both clear and white coats had higher body temperatures than controls without plastic coats. The difference was highly significant, and was about 1.5°F in the clipped animals.

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