Heart rate and body temperature during free diving of Weddell seals

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. R344-R351 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Hill ◽  
R. C. Schneider ◽  
G. C. Liggins ◽  
A. H. Schuette ◽  
R. L. Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Weddell Seal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weddell Seals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Slow Onset

We have developed and successfully used the first microprocessor-controlled monitors for collection of data on depth, heart rate, and body temperature of one fetal and five adult male freely swimming Weddell seals. Adult seals almost invariably experienced a prompt bradycardia at the start of each dive, and the mean heart rate during diving was significantly lower for dives greater than 20 min (P greater than 0.999). The heart rate was also significantly greater during the ascent portion of dives when compared with the descent portion (P greater than 0.95). The fetal seal experienced a slow onset of bradycardia when its mother dived; during diving the fetal heart rate decreased by an average of 1.1 beats/min for each minute of the dive. The fetal heart rate generally took approximately 10 min to recover to predive levels after its mother resurfaced to breathe. The body temperature of one adult male Weddell seal showed a decrease of greater than 1.5 degrees C from resting levels before dives of greater than 15 min were initiated and a drop of over 2 degrees C before dives of greater than 30 min duration.

scholarly journals Fetal Heart Rate Regresses toward the Mean in the Third Trimester

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Sun Park ◽  
Jeong-Kyu Hoh ◽  
Moon-Il Park
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Mean

Validation of a new algorithm for the short-term variation of the fetal heart rate: an antepartum prospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Kouskouti ◽  
Hella Jonas ◽  
Kerstin Regner ◽  
Pia Ruisinger ◽  
Julia Knabl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Relevant Reference ◽  
Term Variation ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Aims: Currently one of the most widespread systems for the computerized analysis of the fetal heart rate (FHR) is the Dawes-Redman system, where the short-term variation (STV) of the FHR is measured by dividing each minute into 16 segments (STV16). Technical progress has allowed for the development of a new algorithm, which measures the STV by dividing each minute into 240 segments (STV240), thus approximating the beat-to-beat variation. The STV240 still lacks reference values. Our aim was to develop clinically relevant reference values for the STV240 and compare them to the ones for the STV16. Methods: In a single centre, observational study, a total of 228 cardiotocograms were registered and subsequently analyzed with both algorithms (STV240 and STV16). Results: The 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for both algorithms. The values of the STV240 were significantly lower in comparison to the ones of the STV16. Not only the mean values but also the 95th percentile of the STV240 lay beneath the existent cut-off value for the STV16. Conclusions: Every clinician using the new algorithm must be aware that the normal values for the STV240 lie beneath the, up until now, established cut-off values for the STV16.

Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring during Intrauterine Open Surgery for Myelomeningocele Repair

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Félix Martins Santana ◽  
Antônio Fernandes Moron ◽  
Maurício Mendes Barbosa ◽  
Herbene Jose Figuinha Milani ◽  
Stephanno Gomes Pereira Sarmento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess fetal hemodynamics during intrauterine open surgery for myelomeningocele (MMC) repair by describing fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring in detail related to each part of the procedure. Methods: A study was performed with 57 fetuses submitted to intrauterine MMC repair between the 24th and 27th week of gestation. Evaluations of FHR were made in specific periods: before anesthesia, after anesthesia, at the beginning of laparotomy, during uterus abdominal withdrawal, hysterotomy, neurosurgery (before incision, during early skin manipulation, spinal cord releasing, and at the end of neurosurgery), abdominal cavity reintroduction, and abdominal closure, and at the end of surgery. Means ± standard deviations of FHR were established for each period, and analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to assess differences between these periods. The mean differences were assessed with 95% confidence intervals and were analyzed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. Results: The mean FHR during the specific periods mentioned above was 140.2, 140, 139.2, 138.8, 135.1, 133.9, 123.1, 134.0, 134.5, 137.9, and 139.9 bpm, respectively (p < 0.0001). Comparing the different periods, the highest frequencies were observed in the initial and final moments. The neurosurgery stage presents lower frequencies, especially during the release of the spinal cord. Conclusion: FHR monitoring revealed interesting findings in terms of physiological fetal changes during MMC repair, especially during neurosurgery, which was the most critical period.

Evaluation of the Fetal Heart Rate during Amniocentesis in Fetuses with Normal and Abnormal Karyotype

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
Marija Hadzi-Lega ◽  
Ana Daneva-Markova ◽  
Eva Sozovska
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Abnormal Karyotype ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Heart Rate Reaction

Abstract Introduction. We monitored the fetal heart rate (FHR) during amniocentesis in fetuses at 16-22 weeks of gestation and investigated whether an abnormal FHR was associated with chromosomal abnormalities. Methods. This prospective study involved 600 women at 16-22 weeks of gestation who underwent genetic amniocentesis. The FHR, expressed as beats for minute, was recorded before (FHR1), immediately after (FHR2) and 60 min after (FHR3) the invasive procedure. Structural malformations detected by ultrasound and multiple pregnancy were excluded from the study. Results. Chromosomal abnormalities have been diagnosed in 27 fetuses. Mean FHR decrease after amniocentesis has been observed in normal and in abnormal fetuses. The mean variation during amniocentesis was significant in both groups (P<0.01). The comparison between the mean FHR of the two groups showed no differences in FHR1 and FHR2 (P>0.05) but a significant difference in FHR3 (P<0.05). Conclusion. The FHR decreased after amniocentesis; the decrease was larger in chromosomally abnormal fetuses than in normal fetuses. This difference in heart rate reaction to amniocentesis might be due to cardiac defects or developmental delay associated with the abnormal karyotype.

Fetal cardiovascular and metabolic responses to simulated diving in the Weddell seal

1980 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Liggins ◽  
J. Qvist ◽  
P. W. Hochachka ◽  
B. J. Murphy ◽  
R. K. Creasy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Weddell Seal ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Weddell Seals ◽  
Control Value ◽  
O2 Transport ◽  
Arterial Ph ◽  
Near Term

Fetal responses to normobaric diving simulated by submersion of the maternal head for 20 min were studied in four conscious Weddell seals near term. Microspheres injected into the maternal aorta were distributed to the placenta and kidneys in the ratio of 0.4 in the control period and 19.3 during diving, suggesting minimal placental vasoconstriction. Fetal heart rate fell during diving from a mean control value of 90 to 34 beats/min after 4 min. The onset of fetal bradycardia was not consistently associated with changes in blood gas tensions. Diving was associated with a fall in fetal arterial O2 tension from 24 to 9 Torr, arterial CO2 tension rose from 47 to 85 Torr, and arterial pH fell from 7.35 to 7.24. Fetal-maternal gradients for CO2 and H+ transport remained constant, whereas the gradient for O2 transport fell from 47 Torr before diving to 14 Torr at the end of diving. Blood lactate concentrations increased three- to fourfold during diving and reached peak values 10-15 min after diving ended. The similarity of the fetal and maternal heart rate responses to diving is consistent with the presence of physiological oxygen-conserving reflexes akin to the adult's.

scholarly journals Study of length of umbilical cord and fetal outcome: a study of 1000 deliveries

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3770
Author(s):  
Shiva Kumar H. C. ◽  
Chandrashekhar T. Tharihalli ◽  
Chandrashekhar K. ◽  
Suman F. Gaddi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Operative Interference ◽  
Cord Length

Background: Human embryo develops inside the body of the mother. One of the important part of the fetoplacental unit is the umbilical cord. The umbilical cord is the lifeline of the fetus. Objective of present study was to investigate the correlation of umbilical cord length with fetal parameters like APGAR score, sex, weight, and length, and its effect on labor.Methods: This prospective study conducted in the Department of OBG of VIMS, Bellary, from 1st February 2016 to 31st January 2017. The 1000 pregnant women of >37 weeks were studied following delivery for length of umbilical cord, any loop around neck, trunk, shoulder and number of loops of cord; knots of cord etc. Fetal parameters recorded were sex, weight, and length of the newborn and APGAR score at 1 and 5 min.Results: Cord length varied from 22 to 126 cm. The mean cord length was 66 cm (±10 cm). Maximum cases have cord length of 61and 70 cm. Lower 5th percentile and upper 5th percentile considered as short and long cord. Short-cord group was associated with significantly higher (p<0.05) incidence of LSCS cases. The incidence of all types of cord complications increases as the cord length increases (p<0.001). Nuchal cords had higher mean cord length and as the number of loops in a nuchal cord increases to two or more loops, the operative interference and fetal heart abnormalities increases. Fetal heart rate abnormalities and birth asphyxia increase with extremes of cord length (p<0.001).Conclusions: Short and long cords are associated with increased incidence of cord complications, operative interference, intrapartum complications, increased fetal heart rate abnormalities, and birth asphyxia. But cord length did not vary according to the weight, length, and sex of the baby.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP AMONG MATERNAL, PRENATAL AND PREGNANCY OUTCOME IN RANGELI MUNICIPALITY OF NEPAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
Asmita Mahato ◽  
Barsha Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Newborn Weight ◽  
The Mean

Background: The incidence of pregnancy complications may be due to risk factors during pregnancy. Whether maternal parameters like age, gravida/ parity, gestational age, and fetal heart rate have any influence to the delivery outcome and newborn weight is a big quest. A young age at birth is more common in Nepal and carries a less social stigma, and hence enforces this study to understand the impact. Objective and methodology: The objectives of this retrospective study were to evaluate the maternal and prenatal outcomes of pregnancies and the effects of the age of the pregnancy, gravida, gestational age, and newborn weight. Pregnant women giving birth in Rangeli Hospital, Morang (Nepal) in 2019 were retrospectively screened. Pregnant women of all age group were included in this study. Results: Mean maternal age for delivery of child was 22.45 ±0.225 years. 41.9% of study subjects were primigravida (G1), while 58.1% were multi-gravida (G2-4). The mean age of primigravida is 20.57 ±0.025 years. Mean gestational week, fetal heart rate (FHR), and newborn weight were 38.18 ±0.11, 140.91 ±0.43, and 2870.65 ±26.13 g respectively. Almost one-third (32.1%) of the newborn were preterm babies. 20.9% of the newborn child was low birth weight. Spontaneous vaginal delivery was seen in 90.7% of the pregnancy while 7.9% had caesarean section. Conclusion: A significant positive correlation was seen of age with gravida, parity, and newborn weight. Newborn weight was significantly related to gestational age. There is no significant difference between the mean maternal age of mother delivering preterm baby or term-baby. No significant difference in the mean age of the mother or the mean gestational duration between male and female children could be established. Significant mean differences were seen in the maternal age of LBW child and normal birth weight child.

scholarly journals Cerebral Hemodynamics and Fetal Behavioral States in IUGR Fetuses

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Graziano Clerici ◽  
Gian Carlo Di Renzo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Cerebral Hemodynamics ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Behavioral States ◽  
Group B ◽  
Lower Impedance ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic patterns in the proximal (M1) and distal (M2) portions of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) during different fetal behavioral states (FBSs) in healthy and IUGR fetuses. After identification of the FBS in 20 normal (group A) and 8 IUGR (group B) singleton pregnancies (36- 40 weeks), flow velocity evaluation was performed on the M1 and M2 segment of the MCA during “quiescence” (FBS 1F) and “activity” (FBS 2F). In the group A, a statistically significant decrease of impedance to flow values was identified in both segments of the MCA during “activity”. In the group B not statistically significant differences were identified in the impedance to flow values during different FBSs. For each segments of MCA it was found significant lower impedance to flow values in the group B for all FBSs. The mean fetal heart rate during “quiescience” was significantly lower than during “activity” in both groups. The results of this study provide evidences of the influence of different FBSs on fetal cerebral hemodynamic patterns. These information should be considered in the evaluation of fetal cerebral hemodynamics.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effect of Dexmedetomidine Intravenous Infusion on Labor Pain Management in Primipar Term Pregnant Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abasali Delavari ◽  
Arezoo Esmailzadeh ◽  
Mahdi Dehgan ◽  
Marzieh Lak
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: The pain of labor is very severe. Most women prefer painless labor to routine labor if they are aware of the methods of analgesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Dexmedetomidine intravenous infusion on labor pain management in primipar term pregnant women. Methods: In this Non-randomized clinical trial with control group, all primipar term pregnant women were enrolled in the study. In the intervention group, after the active phase of labor, Dexmedetomidine was given according to the protocol and continued until phase two of labor. The control group received no intervention to reduce pain. Patients in both groups were evaluated for, fetal heart rate, Apgar scores, vital signs, pain intensity and sedation score. Results: There were no significant difference in primary fetal heart rate, primary maternal hemodynamics, and mean Apgar scores of 1 and 5 minutes, between the two groups (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean of fetal heart rate in different stages between two groups. Intra-group analysis in the intervention group showed that mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly decreased after drug administration but were in normal range. The active phase of labor in the intervention group was significantly shorter than the control group (p = 0.002). The mean VAS score after Dexmedetomidine administration decreased significantly from 9.25 at baseline to 4.61 after drug administration, 3.88 during labor and 1.88 after placental expulsion. The mean RSS score after Dexmedetomidine administration increased significantly from 1 at baseline to 2.05 after drug administration, 2.22 during labor and 2.05 after placental expulsion. Conclusion: Based on results, it seems that administration of Dexmedetomidine to manage labor pain with careful monitoring of mother and fetus is recommended. Due to limited studies, further larger and multicenter studies are needed to be performed.Trial registration: This study was registered on Iranian registry of clinical trials, identification number IRCT20161022030421N5, registered on February 2, 2019, https://irct.ir/trial/40134.

Heat reactions of Caucasians and Bantu in South Africa

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Wyndham ◽  
N. B. Strydom ◽  
J. F. Morrison ◽  
C. G. Williams ◽  
G. A. G. Bredell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physiological Reactions ◽  
Inherent Advantage ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

Heat reactions of 20 Caucasian and 22 Bantu males were compared, first in the unacclimatized state and then in the acclimatized state. The study was conducted at temperatures of 90 F wet-bulb and 93 F dry-bulb at a work rate of 1 liter O2/min consumption. The performances of the unacclimatized Bantu were superior to those of the Caucasians. All 22 Bantu completed the 4-hr experiment, while 10 Caucasians failed. The mean rectal temperature of the Bantu was significantly lower than that of the Caucasians, but not the mean heart rate and mean sweat rate. When both groups were highly acclimatized all men from both groups completed the 4-hr experiment, and their reactions to heat were significantly different from their reactions in the unacclimatized state. Sweat rates, particularly, increased very much. The differences between the two highly acclimatized groups in rectal temperatures, heart rates, and sweat rates (except the 4th hr) were not significant. Although superior in the unacclimatized state, the Bantu does not appear to have an inherent advantage in the ability to regulate the body temperature. Caucasians versus Bantu in reactions to heat; physiological reactions in exposure to heat Submitted on August 19, 1963

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