scholarly journals 1. On the Mechanism of the Knee Joint

1862 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goodsir
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Articular Surfaces

After alluding to the comparatively superficial manner in which physiologists, with the exception of the brothers Weber, have hither-to investigated the structure and movements of the joints, the author gave an abstract of the general results which he had formerly obtained in an examination of the knee-joint, made with reference to Meyer's valuable observations. He had found that, as stated by Meyer, the thigh and leg rotate on one another in opposite directions,—at the close of extension, and at the commencement of flexion; and that the co-ordinated movements in the patella, the ligaments, and muscles correspond generally with the account given by that observer; but in addition he had ascertained what had previously escaped notice,1. That the articular surfaces of the femur, tibia, and patella are not continuous but faceted surfaces.

IN-VIVOESTIMATION OF THE TIBIO-FEMORAL CONTACT AREA USING THIN-PLATE SPLINE TOOL

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 237-249
Author(s):  
LUIGI BERTOZZI ◽  
RITA STAGNI ◽  
SILVIA FANTOZZI ◽  
ANGELO CAPPELLO
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Thin Plate ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Clinical Procedures ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
Analytical Estimation ◽  
Good Repeatability

Interaction between articular surfaces at the knee joint allows movement and stability. The knowledge of how this mechanism works in physiological conditions could be very useful for the development of new clinical procedures. The objective of this study was to develop a subject-specific model able to estimate the articular contact area at the tibio-femoral joint avoiding any destructive measurements. Thin plate splines were used to describe articular surfaces and to allow an analytical estimation of the distance between the surfaces. The sensitivity of the model was evaluated and the tibio-femoral contact area was estimated in a living subject. Femoral contact area results were always smaller than the tibial one, whereas tibial contact area results were less repeatable. Increasing the distance threshold, the increase of the contact area was almost linear. High repeatability was obtained sampling each condyle with more than 60 steps. Contact areas, estimated with the loaded knee, were in accordance with physiology and literature showing a good repeatability. The devised model was suitably used to evaluate the articular contact at the knee joint of an healthy living subject and can be a useful clinical tool to suggest procedures aimed at restoring physiological conditions.

MEASUREMENT AND FITTING ON 3-D ARTICULAR SURFACES OF THE HUMAN KNEE JOINT

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
XISHI WANG ◽  
LI-QUN ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reconstruction Error ◽  
Reconstruction Procedure ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Surface Measurements ◽  
Articulating Surface ◽  
Relative Analysis

In this study, the OptoTrak system was employed to collect the articulating surface measurements of the human knee for the femur, tibia and patella in three experimented specimens. Furthermore, a rigorous mathematical reconstruction procedure that estimates reconstruction error was completed by employed the relative analysis tools. The results show, the measurements for each session were able to reconstruct the three-dimensional calibration to a precision of 0.02mm. On the other word, the OptoTrak can be used to obtain the precise measurements of analytical surface of the human knee joint.

scholarly journals FRACTURES OF THE ARTICULAR SURFACES OF THE KNEE-JOINT

BMJ ◽  
1930 ◽  
Vol 2 (3637) ◽  
pp. 466-468
Author(s):  
R. Ollerenshaw
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Articular Surfaces

scholarly journals NEW METHOD OF AUTOPLASTY OF KNEE ARTICULAR SURFACE DEFECTS IN PATIENTS WITH DESTRUCTIVE-DYSTROPHIC DISEASES

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
DS S Kudashev ◽  
SD D Zuev-Ratnikov
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
New Method ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Articular Surfaces

Aim - to evaluate the results of the treatment of patients with destructive-dystrophic diseases of the knee using a new method of autoplasty of articular surfaces. Materials and methods. The results of surgical treatment of 42 patients with destructive-dystrophic diseases of the knee were studied. All patients underwent surgical treatment with the use of a new method of autoplasty of articular surfaces. The operation is based on the technique of "classical" mosaic chondroplasty, but in addition we form a non-free muscle flap and pass it under the basis of osteo-cartilaginous autografts in the defect zone through a specially created canal. Comparative evaluation of surgical treatment results of the indicated clinical group of patients was carried out 3, 6 and 36 months after the operation. Treatment response was assessed according to the following indicators: WOMAC-index, Lequesne index, parameters of the rheovasography, functional electromyography and podometry. These indices allowed us to calculate integral indicators Хвц with the use of which we managed to develop mathematical models of clinical and functional state of the lower limb and analyze them. Results. Comparative analysis of the mathematical models (clinical and functional state of the lower limb) demonstrated that the use of the proposed method of autoplasty provided more expressed clinical remission and functional recovery of the lower limb after 12 months after the operation. The dynamics of changes in the integral index value in the early postoperative period clearly shows its tendency towards the normal value; this tendency is even more pronounced in the late postoperative period. This shows the positive progress of the ongoing reparative processes in the knee joint and better quality of restoration of the functional state of the lower limb. Conclusion. The proposed method of autoplasty of articular surfaces of the knee joint provides significantly greater clinical and functional recovery of the knee and may be recommended for clinical use.

Enhanced Cellular Infiltration With Removal of Sacrificial Fibers From a Dual-Polymer Nanofibrous Scaffold

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Metter ◽  
Brendon M. Baker ◽  
Jason A. Burdick ◽  
Robert L. Mauck
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Mechanical Function ◽  
Cellular Infiltration ◽  
Fiber Architecture ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
Current Standard Treatment

The meniscus is a wedge-shaped, fibrocartilaginous tissue that stabilizes the knee joint by transmitting and distributing loads from the rounded femur to the flat tibial plateau [1]. With normal use, the meniscus experiences large tensile stresses along its circumferentially oriented collagen fibers [2]. Interruption of these fibers with injury inhibits load transfer and precipitates the early onset of osteoarthritis in the adjacent articular surfaces. Endogenous healing of the avascular region of the meniscus is limited, and restoration of fiber architecture is difficult to achieve [3]. The current, standard treatment of partial meniscectomy alleviates symptoms but does not restore mechanical function.

The use of basis functions in modelling joint articular surfaces: application to the knee joint

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 901-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Y. Dhaher ◽  
Scott L. Delp ◽  
William Z. Rymer
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Basis Functions ◽  
Articular Surfaces

scholarly journals Analysis of differences in vibroacoustic signals between healthy and osteoarthritic knees using EMD algorithm and statistical analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2130 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
R Karpiński ◽  
P Krakowski ◽  
J Jonak ◽  
A Machrowska ◽  
M Maciejewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intrinsic Mode Functions ◽  
Excessive Pressure ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Vibroacoustic Signals ◽  
Statistical Indicators

Abstract The knee joint is the largest and one of the most vulnerable and most frequently damaged joints in the human body. It is characterized by a complex structure. All articular surfaces are covered with hyaline cartilage. This cartilage has minimal regenerative capacity. Under the influence of cyclical micro-injuries, inflammatory mediators, prolonged excessive pressure or immobility, and thus disturbance of tissue nutrition, the cartilage becomes susceptible to damage and is easily covered with villi, cracks and abrasion. As a result, this translates into changes in the friction and lubrication processes within the joint and may affect the generated vibroacoustic processes. In this study, the signals recorded in a group of 28 volunteers were analysed, 15 of them were healthy people (HC) and 13 were people diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA) qualified for surgery. The study aims to check the usefulness of the EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) algorithm in the filtration procedures of vibroacoustic signals. This algorithm is most often used in the analysis of signals that are most often nonlinear and non-stationary. Selected statistical indicators, such as RMS, VMS, variance and energy, were determined for the signals constituting the sum of the IMFs (Intrinsic Mode Functions) 1-8, having a normal distribution in the assessment of damage to the articular cartilage of the knee joint. Statistical analysis was performed for the values of individual indicators obtained. The vibroacoustic signals were recorded using CM-01B contact microphones placed in the central part of the medial and lateral joint fissure for movement in the range of 90°–0°–90° in closed kinetic chains (CKC) in the control group (HC) and the group of patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA).

scholarly journals Displacement Analysis of the Human Knee Joint Based on the Spatial Kinematic Model by Using Vector Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-327
Author(s):  
Marta Góra-Maniowska ◽  
Józef Knapczyk
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Spatial Displacement ◽  
Vector Method ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Planar Surfaces ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Spatial Parallel Mechanism ◽  
Position Problem

AbstractKinematic model of the human knee joint, considered as one-degree-of-freedom spatial parallel mechanism, is used to analyse the spatial displacement of the femur with respect to the tibia. The articular surfaces of femoral and tibia condyles are modelled, based on selected references, as spherical and planar surfaces. The condyles are contacted in two points and are guided by three ligaments modelled as binary links with constant lengths. In particular, the mechanism position problem is solved by using the vector method. The obtained kinematic characteristics are adequate to the experimental results presented in the literature. Additionally, the screw displacements of relative motion in the knee joint model are determined.

Transosseous Osteosynthesis with External Fixation Devices in Intraarticular Fractures of Knee Joint Area

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Igor' Olegovich Pankov ◽  
A L Emelin ◽  
I O Pankov ◽  
A L Emelin
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
External Fixation ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Compression Fractures ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
Intraarticular Fractures ◽  
Fixation Devices ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Femoral Condyles

Peculiarities of transosseous osteosynthesis with pin-rod external fixation devices at treatment of various intraarticular fractures in the area of the knee joint are presented. Analysis of treatment outcomes for 108 patients with 110 fractures (18 fractures of femoral condyles and 92 fractures of tibial condyles) was performed. Excellent and good results were achieved in 83 (75.4%) cases. In polysegmental and impression-compression fractures of femoral and tibial condyles the treatment results were most often only satisfactory or unsatisfactory that was accounted for the severity of injury with massive destruction of the articular surfaces.

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