scholarly journals Livelihood vulnerability increases human–wildlife interactions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Joana Pereira ◽  
Luís Miguel Rosalino ◽  
Serafino Mucova ◽  
Yasalde Massangue ◽  
Murchide Abdulrazak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Community Vulnerability ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Vulnerability Assessments ◽  
Exposure Factor ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Vulnerable Households

Summary Human–wildlife interactions (HWIs) occur in many rural African communities, with potential impacts on livelihood vulnerability. High livelihood vulnerability may force communities to employ strategies that increase the risk of negative HWIs, yet the extent to which HWIs drive or are driven by vulnerability is unclear. We hypothesized that more vulnerable households are more likely to be exposed to wildlife and experience negative interactions. To test this hypothesis, we calculated the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) of rural households in and around Quirimbas National Park (north-eastern Mozambique) and assessed whether there is a link between livelihood vulnerability and HWIs. We found a two-way association between LVI and HWIs, with more vulnerable households indeed taking greater risks and encountering wildlife when fetching water from rivers, whereas less vulnerable households tended not to employ strategies likely to increase wildlife encounters. We also observed that HWIs exert a strong effect on livelihood vulnerability, suggesting that HWIs should be included as an exposure factor in vulnerability assessments for rural households. We recommend that livelihood strategies and community vulnerability should be considered when designing HWI mitigation schemes and implementing conservation measures.

Multifunzionalitŕ e sviluppo rurale in Africa: un'analisi a livello household

2009 ◽  
pp. 31-63
Author(s):  
Filippo Arfini ◽  
Fabio Landini
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Lp Model

- This work offers an interpretation of the role that multifunctionality plays in the policies that sustain rural development. Assuming as a reference the livelihood approach, we analyse multifunctionality within a framework which differs from the usual Wto negotiations. We reappraise its significance as a variable that reinforces the livelihood strategies of the rural households. In terms of policy design we analyse the costs of the secondary services and the variables that allow for their reduction. A quantitative evaluation is then carried out on the basis of an LP model taking a multifunctional farm in Africa. The results obtained are that: multifunctionality is very costly; most of the private costs of multifunctionality are due to constraints on specialisation in production; both coupled and de-coupled payment sustain multifunctionality but in different ways; technological progress is a key variable for economic sustainability.EconLit Classification: C020, Q010, Q120, Q180Keywords: Multifunctionality, Rural Development, Livelihood Approach, Linear Programming

Payments for environmental services and rural livelihood strategies in Ecuador and Guatemala

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS SOUTHGATE ◽  
TIMOTHY HAAB ◽  
JOHN LUNDINE ◽  
FABIÁN RODRÍGUEZ
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Payments For Environmental Services ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Individual Strategies

ABSTRACTPresented in this paper are the results of two contingent valuation analyses, one undertaken in Ecuador and the other in Guatemala, of potential payments for environmental services (PES) directed toward rural households. We find that minimum compensation demanded by these households is far from uniform, depending in particular on individual strategies for raising incomes and dealing with risks. Our findings strengthen the case for allowing conservation payments to vary among recipients, which would be a departure from the current norm for PES initiatives in Latin America.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of bulbous and tuberous geophytes from the El Kala National Park (North-Eastern Algeria): checklist, vulnerability and conservation

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Besma Dechir ◽  
Atef Chouikh ◽  
Tarek Hamel ◽  
Nawel Nadia Azizi ◽  
Nawel Ganaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
National Park ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Floristic Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Eastern Algeria ◽  
A New Species

Treinta estaciones en el Parque Nacional El Kala (Noreste de Argelia) fueron objeto de un inventario florístico que se centró en el estudio de la ecología de geófitos bulbosos y tuberosos. La flora se caracteriza por una alta proporción de taxones raros y/o endémicos, entre ellos, 6 especies son endemismos algero-tunecinos pertenecientes a la familia Orchidaceae. En este trabajo, se da a conocer la presencia de una nueva especie para la flora argelina, Ophrys fusca subsp. lupercalis. Los análisis multivariantes revelaron, ciertas variables ambientales que determinan la distribución de los geófitos. Los lugares de interés son particularmente sensibles a las amenazas, particularmente las de origen antrópico. Thirty stations at the El Kala National Park (North Eastern Algeria) were the subject of a floristic focused on the study of the ecology of bulbous and tuberous geophytes. The floristic analysis was used to draw up a checklist of 67 species belonging to 36 genera and 14 families, among of which 19 species a high proportion of rare and/or endemic taxa; among them six signed taxa are endemic to algerian-tunisian mainly represented by family of Orchidaceae. In this work, we recorded the presence of a new species for the Algerian flora which is Ophrys fusca subsp. lupercalis. Multivariate analyses revealed certain environmental variables determining the distribution of geophytes. The visited sites show an alarming vulnerability and subject to threats, particularly anthropogenic ones.

scholarly journals Groundwater vulnerability assessment to pollution in Kasihan, Bantul Regency: A comparative method study (GOD, SINTACS and DRASTIC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Ignasius Loyola Setyawan Purnama ◽  
Vincentia Anindha Primacintya
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Rock Type ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Vulnerability Assessments ◽  
Drastic Method ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Aquifer Type

Groundwater vulnerability to pollution refers to the ease with which pollutants reach groundwater, in other words indicating the level of ease of an area to experience pollution. At present, the theme is one of the themes that attracts many researchers because pollution is more frequent in an area. The purpose of this study is to assess groundwater vulnerability in the study area for pollution using the GOD method and conduct a study of 3 groundwater vulnerability assessments, to determine the most appropriate assessment to be applied in the study area. The method used to determine groundwater vulnerability to pollution is GOD, which uses three parameters to assess the vulnerability of groundwater, namely aquifer type, rock type above aquifer and groundwater level. Furthermore, the results of the vulnerability assessment using the GOD method are compared with the vulnerability assessment according to the SINTACS and DRASTIC methods that have been carried out before in this area. The results showed that the variation of groundwater vulnerability index values in the study area according to the GOD method was from 0.35 to 0.63. Locations that are classified as medium vulnerability are generally located in the limestone Sentolo Formation, while locations that are classified as high vulnerability class are located in the volcanic rock of Yogyakarta Formation. Noting the results of determining groundwater vulnerability from the three methods, it can be said that the three methods are suitable for assessing groundwater vulnerability in the study area. However, looking at the distribution pattern of the level of pollution, the DRASTIC method can provide more detailed results related to the level of vulnerability.

scholarly journals Symbolic consultation and cultural simplification in the establishment of an Indonesian national park and its impacts on local livelihoods

2021 ◽  
pp. 494-505
Author(s):  
Mei Meilani ◽  
Wahyu Andayani ◽  
Lies Rahayu Wijayanti Faida ◽  
Fitria Dewi Susanti ◽  
Rodd Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Diverse Cultures

This paper analyzes the processes by which the Sebangau National Park in Central Kalimantan (Indonesia) was established, along with the management activities implemented and the impacts of such activities on local communities. Employing an environmental justice lens, which revolved around procedural, recognition, and distribution issues, we found that local communities were not adequately consulted or involved in the establishment and management of the national park. Furthermore, approaches to mitigate the adverse impacts failed to fully consider the diverse cultures and customs with different livelihood strategies surrounding the park. The research also found that the options made available for local livelihoods were limited and did not meet specific needs and demands of certain ethnic groups. Overall, the transformation of the Sebangau production forest into a conservation area significantly disrupted local livelihoods and led to pronounced adverse economic, social, and cultural impacts. Thus, adequate attention to environmental justice must be made if park authorities are to improve the social acceptability of the national park. They should meaningfully engage the local communities in decision-making procedures related to park management, because they are directly impacted by the park. The authorities should also understand the different sociocultural aspects related to the local people surrounding the park and their different needs and livelihood strategies. Finally, the livelihood alternatives should be carefully assessed, and locals should be adequately consulted to ensure that these are socially and culturally accepted.

scholarly journals Livelihood Strategies of Rural Households in Ning’er Earthquake-Stricken Areas, Yunnan Province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 5905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benyong Wei ◽  
Guiwu Su ◽  
Yingkui Li ◽  
Yuling Ma
Keyword(s):  
Rural Households ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Livelihood Strategy ◽  
Livelihood Assets ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
Rural Buildings ◽  
The Status ◽  
Social Capitals ◽  
The Relationship

Natural hazards not only cause direct losses of household income and assets but also affect the choice and outcome of livelihood strategies. Based on the questionnaire survey from 2007 on Mw 6.1 Ning’er earthquake-hit areas in Southwest China, we analyzed the relationship between livelihood assets (or capitals) and livelihood strategies of local rural households and identified the main factors influencing the choice of livelihood strategy. The results indicate that statistically significant differences exist in livelihood assets among livelihood strategies. The choice of livelihood strategies is affected significantly by the status of livelihood assets. High financial capitals enable households to engage in higher-returns or capital-intensive livelihood activities. Improving vocational education and skills training for rural residents, especially for the youth, is also important in developing new livelihood strategies beyond their traditional lifestyle. Higher social capitals provide households the opportunity to select a higher return and income livelihood strategy. In addition, as part of efforts to enhance physical capitals, housing construction planning and technical guidance are of critical importance to improve the anti-seismic performance of rural buildings and decrease their livelihood risk in earthquake-prone areas. It is important for farmers to improve and diversify their livelihood strategies according to regional geographical environment and the comparative advantages of their own livelihood assets.

Nutritional vulnerability of early zoeal stages of the invasive shrimp Lysmata vittata (Decapoda: Caridea) in the Atlantic Ocean

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-584
Author(s):  
Samara de P. Barros-Alves ◽  
Andréa Santos e Almeida ◽  
Ariádine Cristine de Almeida ◽  
Rogério Caetano da Costa ◽  
Douglas Fernandes Rodrigues Alves
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Invasive Potential ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Point Of No Return ◽  
Continuous Feeding ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Estuarine Region

AbstractLysmata vittata is considered an invasive shrimp in the Atlantic Ocean and some characteristics might have contributed to its invasive success, such as its larval nutritional vulnerability during the early stages of development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the early larval stages of the shrimp L. vittata. Ovigerous specimens were captured in an estuarine region of north-eastern Brazil. Zoeae were assigned to two experiments: (1) the point of no return (PNR), consisting of treatments with an increasing number of days of starvation and subsequent days of feeding; and (2) the point of reserve saturation (PRS), consisting of treatments with an increasing number of days of feeding and subsequent days of starvation. Two control groups were considered: continuous starvation (CS) and continuous feeding (CF). Nutritional vulnerability was estimated by the time when 50% of the initially starved larvae (PNR50) lost the ability to moult to the next stage, when 50% of the initially fed larvae (PRS50) were capable of moulting to the next stage. In the CF, the mean development time (±SD) of the larvae that reached stage III was 4.36 ± 0.74 days with a mortality of 70%, and the mean carapace length (±SD) was 0.61 ± 0.04 mm CL. The PNR50 and PRS50 were 2.42 ± 0.14 and 1.32 ± 0.83 days, respectively. The nutritional vulnerability index (PRS50/PNR50 = 0.54) indicates that L. vittata presents intermediate dependence on exogenous food during the early larval stages, which might help our understanding of the invasive potential of this species in the Atlantic Ocean.

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