Some Secretory Products of the Invasive Stage of a Digenetic Trematode

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Paul L. Krupa ◽  
Arya K. Bal ◽  
Gilles H. Cousineau
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Digenetic Trematode ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Uniform Density ◽  
Acid Hydrolases ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Secretory Products

The fine structure of various gland cells and their secretory products was studied in the invasive stage (cercaria) of the platyhelminth parasite, Cryptocotyle lingua. Secretory granules or droplets occur in several different specialized cell types, but those that we call attention to here are found in the (1) surface cytoplasmic tegument or “cuticle”, (2) ducts of cephalic (penetration) glands, and (3) epithelial lining of the “excretory bladder”.The tegumental granules appear as numerous, membrane-bounded circular or oval profiles of uniform density (Fig. 1). They are scattered more or less randomly among mitochondria and other inclusion bodies of the tegument. Some of the longer granules, with a length to width ratio of about 7 to 1, have their long axes oriented perpendicularly to the surface plasma membrane of the parasite. In cercariae tested for acid hydrolases with sodium β-glycerophosphate in Barka and Anderson's modification of Gomori's medium, clumps of reaction product appear in the vicinity of the granules and elsewhere within the tegument, but not within the granules themselves. As granules that stain with periodic acid-Schiff, they are seen in certain subsurface gland cells as well as in the tegument under the light microscope.

Pituitary Adenomas that Produce Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and A-Subunit: Clinicopathological, Immunohistochemical, Ultrastructural, and Immunoelectron Microscopic Studies in Nine Cases

Neurosurgery ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn K. Berg ◽  
Bernd W. Scheithauer ◽  
Ignacio Felix ◽  
Kalman Kovacs ◽  
Eva Horvath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Corticotroph Adenoma ◽  
A Subunit ◽  
Corticotroph Adenomas

Abstract Eight surgical and one autopsy specimen of pituitary adenomas (six cases of Cushing's disease, two of Nelson's syndrome. and one of hypopituitarism) were studied by histochemical, immunohistocytological, and ultrastructural methods. Eight tumors showed the characteristic histochemical profile of corticotroph adenoma—amphophilic to basophilic, and periodic acid-Schiff-positive to some extent. In all tumors, immunohistochemical studies revealed adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and à-subunit in the cytoplasm of some adenoma cells. By electron microscopy, seven tumors were found to be monomorphous; six were typical corticotroph adenomas and one was a subtype II silent corticotroph adenoma. One unique lesion was bimorphous—i.e., composed of corticotrophs as well as cells resembling glycoprotein cells. Immunoelectron microscopy by the double-labeling immunogold technique, performed on one corticotroph adenoma, demonstrated the presence of ACTH and à-subunit not only within the same adenoma cells but also within the same secretory granules. The cytogenesis of ACTH à-subunit tumors, a rare form of plurihormonal adenoma. remains to be elucidated. The duration of disease associated with these tumors exceeded the duration in patients with ordinary corticotroph adenomas. Given the low frequency with which increases in serum à-subunit are detectable in patients with such tumors—13% in this series—hormone production is not recognized at preoperative evaluation.

Some Observations upon the Cytology of the Pars Distalis of the Surgically-removed Human Pituitary

1956 ◽  
Vol s3-97 (39) ◽  
pp. 379-391
Author(s):  
C. L. FOSTER
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Lipid Inclusions ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Human Anterior Pituitary

Human anterior pituitary tissue that had been removed at operation and immediately fixed was examined by a number of cytological and histochemical methods and by phase contrast and electron microscopy, and compared with similar material obtained post mortem. The general histological picture of good post-mortem material (not more than 4 hours post mortem) compared well with the surgically-removed tissue. For the study of silver impregnations of the Golgi substance, however, material removed at operation was found to be greatly superior. Evidence was obtained showing that the intracellular lipid inclusions seen post mortem were not artifacts resulting from cytolytic changes. There appeared to be no relationship between these lipid bodies and the Golgi material as revealed by the Aoyama method. No unequivocal dimorphism of the Golgi bodies, correlated with α- and β-cells, such as has been reported to occur in certain other mammals, was observed. Phospholipid was present in the granules of a substantial proportion of the α-cells. It was found that most of the cells which had been designated as β-cells after the application of certain routine staining methods, and most of the Gram-positive cells, reacted positively to the Periodic acid Schiff test: these cells could therefore be regarded as true β- or mucoid cells. A method for the demonstration in frozen sections of the cell-types, together with the lipid inclusions, is described.

scholarly journals Vacuolization of mucolipidosis type II mouse exocrine gland cells represents accumulation of autolysosomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1135-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marielle Boonen ◽  
Eline van Meel ◽  
Viola Oorschot ◽  
Judith Klumperman ◽  
Stuart Kornfeld
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Exocrine Gland ◽  
Exocrine Glands ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Acid Hydrolases ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Cytoplasmic Material ◽  
Lysosomal Sorting ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Mucolipidosis Type

We previously reported that mice deficient in UDP-GlcNAc:lysosomal enzyme GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase (mucolipidosis type II or Gnptab −/− mice), the enzyme that initiates the addition of the mannose 6-phosphate lysosomal sorting signal on acid hydrolases, exhibited extensive vacuolization of their exocrine gland cells, while the liver, brain, and muscle appeared grossly unaffected. Similar pathological findings were observed in several exocrine glands of patients with mucolipidosis II. To understand the basis for this cell type–specific abnormality, we analyzed these tissues in Gnptab −/− mice using a combined immunoelectron microscopy and biochemical approach. We demonstrate that the vacuoles in the exocrine glands are enlarged autolysosomes containing undigested cytoplasmic material that accumulate secondary to deficient lysosomal function. Surprisingly, the acid hydrolase levels in these tissues ranged from normal to modestly decreased, in contrast to skin fibroblasts, which accumulate enlarged lysosomes and/or autolysosomes also but exhibit very low levels of acid hydrolases. We propose that the lysosomal defect in the exocrine cells is caused by the combination of increased secretion of the acid hydrolases via the constitutive pathway along with their entrapment in secretory granules. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the mechanisms of the tissue-specific abnormalities seen in mucolipidosis type II.

scholarly journals Memoirs: Studies on the Golgi Apparatus in Gland-Cells

1926 ◽  
Vol s2-70 (279) ◽  
pp. 419-449
Author(s):  
ROBERT H. BOWEN
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Exact Relation ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Duplex System ◽  
Secretory Cycle ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Secretory Products

As a result of recent studies on secretory synthesis, the following conclusions have been reached : 1. Many gland-cells run through a regular ‘secretory cycle’, beginning with a small cell devoid of secretory granules, progressing through a period in which large numbers of granules are produced and terminating in an act of extrusion of the granules. The cycle may or may not be repeated according to the nature of the cell. 2. The Golgi apparatus is from the beginning present in all kinds of secretory cells, and during the secretory cycle becomes very greatly hypertrophied, establishing a volume in rough relation to that of the secretory products. 3. The topography and behaviour of the apparatus is different in different kinds of glands, but is roughly divisible into three general types characteristic of cells which produce serous, mucous, and lipoidal secretions. 4. The secretory granules make their first appearance only within the area delimited by the Golgi apparatus. 5. In a few cases relations have been made out which indicate that the secretory granules arise in close connexion with the Golgi material. 6. It is concluded that secretory granules are differentiated by the Golgi material, but that no direct transformation of the one into the other occurs such as was claimed by some authors in the case of the mitochondria. 7. It is suggested that the Golgi material is structurally homologous throughout the range of animal cells, and that the so-called idiosomic substance, sometimes associated with it, is to be looked upon as one phase of a duplex system in which the relative development of lipoidal and idiosomic substances may undergo considerable variation. 8. It is suggested that the relation between the Golgi apparatus and secretory granules is homologous to that existing between the Golgi apparatus and the developing acrosome of the animal sperm, and that our rather complete under standing of the latter phenomenon can thus be used as a basis for interpreting the much more obscure phenomena in the gland-cell. 9. No cytological evidence of the origin of secretory products from the nucleus receives any general acceptance at the present time. The nucleus can be considered as the source of secretions only in the indirect sense that it may possibly exercise some control over the process as a whole or may collaborate with other parts of the cell system in preparing materials for the actual synthetic operations of the Golgi apparatus. 10. The establishment of the views here developed must depend finally upon further critical evidence bearing upon the exact relation which exists between individual secretory granules and the Golgi complex.

scholarly journals Developmental Changes of Lymphoid Tissue in the Harderian Gland of Laying Hens

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Bejdić ◽  
Rizah Avdić ◽  
Ljiljana Amidžić ◽  
Velida Ćutahija ◽  
Faruk Tandir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Harderian Gland ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Methyl Green ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

Abstract The Harderian gland of 110 laying hens was histologically investigated from the time of hatching to the period of 10 months of age. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-schiff (PAS) and methyl green-pyronin technique. The research shows that lymphoid tissue is colonised by three types of cells: heterophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells. The number of these cells is directly dependent on the bird’s age. During the lifetime of the hens there gradually comes a shift in the dominance of these three cell types. Lymphoid nodules are detected only in 40-day-old chickens, while later in adult birds the Harderian gland is the organ which contains the largest number of mature plasma cells. Some plasma cells contain Russell bodies with different size and shape.

Seasonal histochemistry of the renal sexual segment in male common water snakes, Nerodia sipedon (L.)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1737-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Weil
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Bromphenol Blue ◽  
Nerodia Sipedon ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Water Snakes

The histochemistry of the renal sexual segment of male common water snakes, Nerodia sipedon (L.), was studied throughout the active season. This segment is hypertrophied in early spring and late autumn, coinciding with peaks in plasma androgen levels. Secretory granules, present in epithelial cells lining the kidney tubule lumen of the sexual segment, are most evident at these times. Granules stain most intensely with periodic acid – Schiff, Sudan black B, and Oil red O from snakes collected in early spring and nearly as strongly from snakes collected in late autumn. Mercuric bromphenol blue and the Millon reaction stain granules most intensely from autumn captured animals. Granules from midsummer animals stained weakly with all of the above stains. It is suggested that the renal sex segment secretion plays a dual role, one of sperm transport and capacitation (final sperm maturation in the female reproductive tract) in autumn and another related to sexual behavior in the spring.

Anatomy and ultrastructure of the young haustorial gland in Comandra (Santalaceae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (20) ◽  
pp. 2315-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Toth ◽  
Job Kuijt
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Median Plane ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Wall Cell ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Median Area ◽  
Anatomy And Ultrastructure ◽  
Host Tissues

The haustorial gland of Comandra (Santalaceae) originates from an internal meristem-like area in the young haustorium and involves the differentiation of a double layer of palisade-like parenchyma cells in the median region. These cells secrete substances (positive with periodic acid – Schiff s reagent (PAS)) which seem to be deposited by vesicles that migrate to the median plane to deposit their products between the cell membrane and cell wall. Cell walls in the median area become extremely thin and finally disappear, leaving a cavity filled with secretory products. The lower portion of the gland shows a distinct duct region lined with a single layer of cells secreting a fibrous, layered substance apparently by means of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) vesicles; this substance appears to be neither cellulose nor starch and cannot be called wall-like. The duct in Comandra has not been observed to reach the haustorial surface, but events at the time of penetration of host tissues remain undescribed. Despite past speculations as to the digestive function of the gland, convincing evidence supporting this or any other function is still lacking.

scholarly journals Immunocytochemical localization of glycoprotein hormones in the rat anterior pituitary. A light and electron microscope study using antisera against rat bet subunits: a comparison between preembedding and postembeeding methods.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Tougard ◽  
R Picart ◽  
A Tixier-Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Thyrotropic Cells ◽  
Rat Thyroid ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The binding sites of antisera (anti) to the beta (beta) subunits of rat follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH), rat luteinizing hormone (rLH), and rat thyroid-stimulating hormone (rTSH) have been localized in rat anterior pituitaries by immunocytochemistry using light and electron microscopy. With the light microscope, LHbeta and FSHbeta were found in the same cells, which were violet after the alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff (AB-PAS) staining. TSHbeta was found in polygonal or stellate cells that were blue after AB-PAS. With the electron microscope, the thyrotropic cells contained very small secretory granules. LHbeta and FSHbeta were found in various types of cells (types A and B and their intermediate forms), which had previously been identified as gonadotropic cells. On serial ultrathin sections using the postembedding method the same cells and even some granules inside these cells were stained by both anti-rLHbeta and anti-rFSHbeta. A comparison of binding sites of anti-rLHbeta was performed using the preembeeding and the postembeeding methods. Antigenicity was observed on secretory granules whatever the method used. However, binding sites of anti-rLHbeta were detected inside the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum only with the preembedding method.

Three-dimensional architecture of Golgi apparatus in the hormone secretory cell

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 252-253
Author(s):  
S. Tai ◽  
R.M. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Secretory Cell ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Golgi Stack ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Cell Fractions

The Golgi apparatus plays an important role in the process of packaging and sorting of secretory granules in endocrine and exocrine cells. The intra Golgi site for concentrating secretory materials, packaging, and sorting the secretory granules has been widely studied using cytochemical, immunocytochemical and biochemical methods on cells and cell fractions. It is generally accepted that the secretory products fo How the cis to trans pathway across the Golgi stack. Within the Golgi complex, secretory products appear to be concentrated in the dilated rims of the trans-most cisternae which are associated with the formation of secretory granules. In pituitary cells the organization of the Golgi apparatus is not as regular as that described for many other cell types. The cisternae of different Golgi stacks are irregular in size and shape. The cis-trans arrangement is not in a definitive orientation.

scholarly journals LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPE LOCALIZATION OF BINDING SITES OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST OVINE LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND ITS TWO SUBUNITS IN RAT ADENOHYPOPHYSIS USING PEROXIDASE-LABELED ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tougard ◽  
B. Kerdelhue ◽  
A. Tixier-Vidal ◽  
M. Jutisz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Type A ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
A Cells

The binding sites of antisera generated in the guinea pig against ovine luteinizing hormone (oLH) and its two subunits (oLHα and oLHß) have been localized in rat anterior pituitaries taken from normal or castrated males and from ovariectomized females with the peroxidase-labeled antibody method, using light and electron microscopy. With the light microscope, the cells positive with antiserum to ovine luteinizing hormone (A-oLH) were violet after the Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) staining; they were also positive for A-oLHα and for A-oLHß and, from castrated males, they displayed an increased affinity for A-oLHß. Another cell type which was blue after the AB-PAS method reacted with the A-oLHα only; these cells, presumably thyrotropic cells, were retracted after castration and, besides their affinity for A-oLHα, acquired an affinity for A-oLHß. As seen through the electron microscope, two cell types were positive for A-oLH, A-oLHß, and A-oLHα and may be identified as luteinizing hormone-secreting cells. Type A cells were characterized by two classes of rounded, secretory granules. Type B cells were smaller and contained only small secretory granules. 1 mo after the rats were castrated the type A cells were hypertrophied and vacuolized. In both cases the secretory granules were the main sites of the antigenicity with the three antisera. A positive reaction was also found in the cytoplasm, particularly in hypertrophied cells from ovariectomized females and with A-oLHß. The cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum were usually negative, except in highly degranulated cells from ovariectomized females and with A-oLHß.

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