The application of electron microscopy to diagnosis in gynecologic neoplasms and tumor-like conditions

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ultrastructural Examination ◽  
Specific Diagnosis ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Gynecologic Neoplasms

The female reproductive tract may be the site of a wide variety of benign and malignant tumors, as well as non-neoplastic tumor-like conditions, most of which can be diagnosed by light microscopic examination including special stains and more recently immunoperoxidase techniques. Nevertheless there are situations where ultrastructural examination can contribute substantially to an accurate and specific diagnosis. It is my opinion that electron microscopy can be of greatest benefit and is most cost effective when applied in conjunction with other methodologies. Thus, I have developed an approach which has proved useful for me and may have benefit for others. In cases where it is deemed of potential value, glutaraldehyde-fixed material is obtained at the time of frozen section or otherwise at operation. Coordination with the gynecologic oncologist is required in the latter situation. This material is processed and blocked and is available if a future need arises.

scholarly journals 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Promotes Proliferation of Human Uterine Leiomyoma: A Biological Link to a New Epigenetic Modification in Benign Tumors

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. E2437-E2445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Navarro ◽  
Ping Yin ◽  
Masanori Ono ◽  
Diana Monsivais ◽  
Molly B. Moravek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Uterine Leiomyoma ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Benign Tumors

Context: Uterine leiomyoma, or fibroids, represent the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive tract. A newly discovered epigenetic modification, 5-hydroxymethylation (5-hmC), and its regulators, the TET (Ten Eleven Translocation) enzymes, were implicated in the pathology of malignant tumors; however, their roles in benign tumors, including uterine fibroids, remain unknown. Objective: To determine the role of 5-hmC and TET proteins in the pathogenesis of leiomyoma using human uterine leiomyoma and normal matched myometrial tissues and primary cells. Design: 5-hmC levels were determined by ELISA and immunofluorescent staining in matched myometrial and leiomyoma tissues. TET expression was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting. TET1 or TET3 were silenced or inhibited by small interfering RNA or 2-hydroxyglutarate to study their effects on 5-hmC content and cell proliferation. Results: We demonstrated significantly higher 5-hmC levels in the genomic DNA of leiomyoma tissue compared to normal myometrial tissue. The increase in 5-hmC levels was associated with the up-regulation of TET1 or TET3 mRNA and protein expression in leiomyoma tissue. TET1 or TET3 knockdown significantly reduced 5-hmC levels in leiomyoma cells and decreased cell proliferation. Treatment with 2-hydroxyglutarate, a competitive TET enzyme inhibitor, significantly decreased both 5-hmC content and cell proliferation of leiomyoma cells. Conclusion: An epigenetic imbalance in the 5-hmC content of leiomyoma tissue, caused by up-regulation of the TET1 and TET3 enzymes, might lead to discovery of new therapeutic targets in leiomyoma.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Challenges in Epithelioid Pleural Mesothelioma: Case Series with Support from Electron Microscopy

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Francesco Fortarezza ◽  
Mila Della Barbera ◽  
Federica Pezzuto ◽  
Francesca Lunardi ◽  
Eleonora Faccioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Ultrastructural Examination ◽  
Specific Diagnosis ◽  
Final Interpretation ◽  
Definition Of

The histological diagnosis of pleural epithelioid mesothelioma can be difficult in the case of rare variants or in the definition of neoplasm origin in patients with previous or concomitant tumours. Currently, several immunohistochemical reactions are available in the surgical pathologist’s armamentarium that allow us to obtain a more sensitive and specific diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma. However, in some cases, the final interpretation remains inconclusive. Historically, ultrastructural examination has represented a useful tool for the definition of the mesothelial nature of neoplastic cells due to their peculiar morphological characteristics. The recent international guidelines for pathological diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma suggest the use of electron microscopy when the immunohistochemical reactions are equivocal or when further support of a diagnosis of mesothelioma is needed. This paper presents three cases of pleural epithelioid mesothelioma whose diagnoses were finally supported by ultrastructural examination.

A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of the Female Reproductive Tract in White Leghorn Hens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanvi Mahajan ◽  
Sanjeev Joshi ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Thanvi ◽  
Om Prakash Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Mucosal Surface ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Outer Cortex ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron

Background: The present study was designed to provide the scanning electron microscopic features of female reproductive tract (ovary and oviduct) of the White Leghorn hen.Methods: The present investigation was conducted on twenty-five mature White Leghorn hens procured from Poultry Farm of College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner. The collected ovary and oviduct samples were processed as per the standard protocol for scanning electron microscopy and viewed under the scanning electron microscope.Result: The surface of the left ovary had an irregular appearance with an outer cortex and inner medulla, surrounded by numerous small rounded lacunae. The mucosa of different oviduct segments was thrown into longitudinal folds with various glandular openings on the surface. Small secondary folds were present on the mucosal surface at the infundibulum-magnum and magnum-isthmus junction. At the uterovaginal junction, the mucosal surface presented a parallel arrangement of folds with narrow furrows between them. The mucosal folds of the vagina appeared as narrow longitudinal folds and divided into secondary folds. 

scholarly journals Experimental Methods for Studying Male Reproductive Function in Standard Toxicology Studies

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Lamb ◽  
M. D. Ross ◽  
R. E. Chapin
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Testicular Morphology ◽  
Head Morphology

Indicators of insult to the male reproductive system can be incorporated into standard toxicology studies so that the assessment of reproductive toxicity does not interfere with the general toxicologic evaluation. This can include assessment of testicular spermatids, or sperm from the epididymis, or vas deferens, or assessment of semen collected from the female reproductive tract postcoitally. Endpoints evaluated may include sperm count, motility, or sperm head morphology. Testicular morphology also may be evaluated by various improved histologic techniques. For example, when testes are immersion-fixed in formalin, testicular morphology is significantly improved by embedding the tissue in the water-soluble plastic glycol methacrylate (GMA) rather than paraffin. These approaches to male reproductive toxicology are cost-effective and reduce the number of animals required for pilot or survey studies for testicular toxicity. They can provide useful data on male reproductive function.

scholarly journals Malignant Brenner Tumor of Ovary

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-128
Author(s):  
Shikha Joshi ◽  
Prabhjot Ubeja
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Gravid Uterus ◽  
Brenner Tumor ◽  
Pouch Of Douglas ◽  
Brenner Tumors ◽  
Exact Size ◽  
Irregular Mass

ABSTRACT Introduction Ovarian carcinoma remains the most lethal disease of the female reproductive tract and most difficult to diagnose early. Brenner tumor of ovary is a relatively uncommon neoplasm constituting 1.4 to 2.5% of all ovarian tumors. In vast majority of cases, these tumor are benign, only 2.5% being malignant. Case Report A 46 years old parous menopausal female presented with complains of pain in abdomen since 2 months and lump in right iliac region. Per abdomen examination showed irregular mass of variable consistency with 16 to 18 weeks gravid uterus size arising from pelvis. On per vaginum examination, firm to hard mass was felt in the posterior and lateral fornices exact size of which could not be determined. Per rectal examination revealed hard nodules in Pouch of Douglas (POD). Ovarian cytoreduction surgery was performed. Omentectomy was performed. Histopathology showed malignant Brenner tumor (transitional cell carcinoma). Conclusion Although Brenner tumors are rare and the majority of them are benign, the correct histological diagnosis with identification of the small proportion of malignant tumors allows the extent of the operation to be needed. How to cite this article Hariharan C, Joshi S, Ubeja P. Malignant Brenner Tumor of Ovary. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):126-128.

scholarly journals Swine sperm induces neutrophil extracellular traps that entangle sperm and embryos

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-225
Author(s):  
Zhengkai Wei ◽  
Tingting Yu ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Chaoqun Wang ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Extracellular Traps

Sperm motility, fertilization and embryo implantation are several important factors in reproduction. Except healthy state of sperm and embryo themselves, successful pregnancy is closely related to the status of female reproductive tract immune system. Increased immune cells in reproductive tract often leads to low sperm motility and low chance of embryo implantation, but the mechanisms remain not well clarified. The aim of this study is to investigate the direct effects of swine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) on sperm or embryo in vitro and then try to clarify the molecular mechanisms undergoing the phenomenon. Swine sperm-triggered neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PMNs phagocytosis of sperms was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Sperm-triggered NETs were quantitated by Pico Green®. Vital staining of the interaction between PMNs and embryo were observed by using confocal microscope. It was showed that PMNs were directly activated by sperm in the form of phagocytosis or casting NETs and that sperm-triggered-NETs formation was made up with DNA co-located with citrullinated histone 3 (citH3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). In addition, the potential mechanism of NETs release was relevant to NADPH oxidase, ERK1/2 or p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Of great interest was that swine embryo was first found entangled in NETs in vitro, but the function and mechanism of this action in vivo fertilization still needed further investigation. In conclusion, this is the first report about swine sperm-induced NETs that entangle sperm and embryo, which might provide an entirely understanding of swine reproductive physiology and immunology.

Effect of Contraceptive Steroids on the Endometrium of Guinea Pig: SEM study

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 668-669
Author(s):  
Mai M. Said ◽  
Ramesh K. Nayak ◽  
Randall E. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Human Female ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Uterine Mucosa ◽  
Group 1

Burgos and Wislocki described changes in the mucosa of the guinea pig uterus, cervix and vagina during the estrous cycle investigated by transmission electron microscopy. More recently, Moghissi and Reame reported the effects of progestational agents on the human female reproductive tract. They found drooping and shortening of cilia in norgestrel and norethindrone- treated endometria. To the best of our knowledge, no studies concerning the effects of mestranol and norethindrone given concurrently on the three-dimensional surface features on the uterine mucosa of the guinea pig have been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mestranol and norethindrone on surface ultrastructure of guinea pig uterus by SEM.Seventy eight animals were used in this study. They were allocated into two groups. Group 1 (20 animals) was injected intramuscularly 0.1 ml vegetable oil and served as controls.

Tumor Diagnosis

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 262-265
Author(s):  
Bruce Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Specific Diagnosis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopic Diagnosis

The broadest application of transmission electron microscopy (EM) in diagnostic medicine is the identification of tumors that cannot be classified by routine light microscopy. EM is useful in the evaluation of approximately 10% of human neoplasms, but the extent of its contribution varies considerably. It may provide a specific diagnosis that can not be reached by other means, but in contrast, the information obtained from ultrastructural study of some 10% of tumors does not significantly add to that available from light microscopy. Most cases fall somewhere between these two extremes: EM may correct a light microscopic diagnosis, or serve to narrow a differential diagnosis by excluding some of the possibilities considered by light microscopy. It is particularly important to correlate the EM findings with data from light microscopy, clinical examination, and other diagnostic procedures.

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