Hepatitis A Antigen in Liver, Bile and Stool

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 340-341
Author(s):  
D.R. Jackson ◽  
J.H. Hoofnagle ◽  
A.N. Schulman ◽  
J.L. Dienstag ◽  
R.H. Purcell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Type A ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
Ag Particles ◽  
Ag Particle ◽  
Human Stool

Using immune electron microscopy Feinstone et. al. demonstrated the presence of a 27 nm virus-like particle in acute-phase stools of patients with viral hepatitis, type A, These hepatitis A antigen (HA Ag) particles were aggregated by convalescent serum from patients with type A hepatitis but not by pre-infection serum. Subsequently Dienstag et. al. and Maynard et. al. produced acute hepatitis in chimpanzees by inoculation with human stool containing HA Ag. During the early acute disease, virus like particles antigenically, morphologically and biophysically identical to the human HA Ag particle were found in chimpanzee stool. Recently Hilleman et. al. have described similar particles in liver and serum of marmosets infected with hepatitis A virus (HAV). We have investigated liver, bile and stool from chimpanzees and marmosets experimentally infected with HAV. In an initial study, a chimpanzee (no.785) inoculated with HA Ag-containing stool developed elevated liver enzymes 21 days after exposure.

Analysis of full-length hepatitis A virus genome in sera from patients with fulminant and self-limited acute type A hepatitis

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Fujiwara ◽  
Osamu Yokosuka ◽  
Kenichi Fukai ◽  
Fumio Imazeki ◽  
Hiromitsu Saisho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Type A ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Acute Type

scholarly journals Buoyant Density of the Hepatitis A Virus-Like Particle in Cesium Chloride

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1412-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Feinstone ◽  
A. Z. Kapikian ◽  
J. L. Gerin ◽  
R. H. Purcell
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Cesium Chloride ◽  
Virus Like Particle

scholarly journals Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Hepatitis A Antigen in Stool and Antibody to Hepatitis A Antigen in Sera: Comparison with Solid-Phase Radioimmunoassay, Immune Electron Microscopy, and Immune Adherence Hemagglutination Assay

1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-193
Author(s):  
Lars R. Mathiesen ◽  
Stephen M. Feinstone ◽  
Doris C. Wong ◽  
Peter Skinhoej ◽  
Robert H. Purcell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Immune Adherence ◽  
Ag Particles ◽  
Solid Phase Radioimmunoassay ◽  
Human Stool

Previously described techniques for detection of hepatitis A antigen (HA Ag) and antibody (anti-HA) have required purified HA Ag and expensive equipment. Herein is described an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for specific detection of HA Ag in human stool filtrates and of anti-HA in sera by using selected HA Ag-containing human stool filtrates as the antigen source. Because human stools often react nonspecifically in serological tests for HA Ag, blocking with preexposure and hyperimmune anti-HA sera from a chimpanzee inoculated with hepatitis A virus was used to confirm specific detection of HA Ag. The sensitivity of ELISA was found to be comparable to that of solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) and immune electron microscopy (IEM). Of 37 acute-phase stools collected from nine patients, 16 were positive for HA Ag by ELISA. In 13 of these, HA Ag particles were found by IEM, and an additional 3 stools negative by ELISA contained HA Ag particles by IEM. Eight control stools were negative by both ELISA and IEM. Anti-HA was measured in sera by demonstrating its ability to block binding of the enzyme conjugate to HA Ag in a stool without detectable nonspecificity. This test (blocking ELISA) was as sensitive and specific as blocking SPIRA, IEM, and immune adherence hemagglutination and, like SPRIA and IEM, detected early-developing antibody. The ELISA is simple to perform and requires only a minimum of equipment. It is useful for screening stools for HA Ag and for monitoring HA Ag during purification, as well as for detecting early and late anti-HA in sera.

scholarly journals Excretion of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) in Adults: Comparison of Immunologic and Molecular Detection Methods and Relationship between HAV Positivity and Infectivity in Tamarins

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 3615-3617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis B. Polish ◽  
Betty H. Robertson ◽  
Bhawna Khanna ◽  
Krzysztof Krawczynski ◽  
John Spelbring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Nucleic Acid Hybridization ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Ethidium Bromide Staining

Fecal excretion of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in 18 patients with HAV infection was evaluated by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect viral antigen and by reverse transcription-PCR amplification followed by ethidium bromide staining (PCR-ETBr) or nucleic acid hybridization (PCR-NA) to detect viral genetic material. A gradation of sensitivity was observed in the detection of virus by the three methods. In persons who had detectable virus, serial stool samples were found to be positive by EIA for up to 24 days after the peak elevation of liver enzymes. Viral genetic material could be detected by PCR-ETBr for up to 34 days and by PCR-NA for up to 54 days after the peak elevation of liver enzymes. After intravenous inoculation of tamarins with stool suspensions categorized as highly reactive for HAV (positive by EIA, PCR-ETBr, and PCR-NA), moderately reactive (positive by PCR-ETBr and PCR-NA), or weakly reactive (positive by PCR-NA), only tamarins infected with highly reactive stool suspensions (EIA positive) developed HAV infection. We conclude that positivity of stool specimens for HAV by PCR-ETBr or PCR-NA indicates a lower potential for infectivity, compared to that of EIA-positive stools.

scholarly journals Type A viral hepatitis: epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1494-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley M Lemon
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Acute Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Type A ◽  
The Us

Abstract Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection occurs worldwide and is an important cause of acute viral hepatitis in the US. In this review, I cover the epidemiology, course of infection, clinical manifestations, serological responses, and prevention of this infection. Although most patients completely recover from this disease, elderly patients have a substantial mortality risk. Recently licensed vaccines are highly efficacious.

scholarly journals Trichrome-positive intrahepatic cytoplasmic globules are potential histopathological clue for COVID-19-induced hepatitis: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Sweed ◽  
Mohamed Ramadan El Shanshory ◽  
Eman Mohammed Elaskary ◽  
Hassnaa Atef Hassan ◽  
Enas Sweed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection mainly affects respiratory system. Later, liver affection has also been reported in the form of marked elevated liver enzymes. However, the association of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and autoimmune diseases is not clear. Case presentation A female patient with a known history of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHH) for which she was treated with prednisolone was admitted for uncontrolled anemia followed by fever and elevated liver enzymes. All the laboratory and radiological investigations were not typical for COVID-19 or any other etiology. Liver biopsy revealed numerous pale eosinophilic trichrome-positive intracytoplasmic globules. The pathology raised the suspicion for SARS-CoV-2-associated hepatitis, which was confirmed by a positive IgG titer. The patient showed a dramatic improvement on the maintenance dose of prednisolone. Conclusions AIHA patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 may be at risk of uncontrolled disease and should continue their treatment regimen. Histopathology has a role in the diagnosis of liver affection due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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