Assuming the Conclusions: Risk Assessment in the Development of Cancer Policy

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Rushefsky
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Acceptable Risk ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
The Face ◽  
Assessment Guidelines ◽  
Objective Determination

This article examines the development of generic cancer risk assessment guidelines, or cancer policy, from 1976-1984. Risk assessment is considered the objective determination of the degree of risk from a substance. Risk management is the subjective determination of acceptable risk. However, uncertainties in the scientific foundations of cancer policy necessitate risk assessment inference choices, for example, over appropriate dose-response extrapolation models. Those choices are only partially scientific; they are also partially political. There is, as a result, an inevitable mixture of facts and values in cancer policy. The article explores ten inference controversies and evaluates how nine cancer policy documents resolved those controversies. It then traces the course of cancer policy development, showing how the Carter and Reagan administrations produced policies with difference emphases and considers several major challenges to cancer policy. The article then provides several justifications for cancer policy in the face of those challenges. It suggests, in the conclusion, that the controversies are unlikely to be resolved by science alone and politics will continue to influence the content of cancer policies.

scholarly journals The iPrevent Online Breast Cancer Risk Assessment and Risk Management Tool: Usability and Acceptability Testing

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa L Lo ◽  
Ian M Collins ◽  
Mathias Bressel ◽  
Phyllis Butow ◽  
Jon Emery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk Assessment

scholarly journals Immunoassayofantibodies to benzo[a]pyrene, estradiol and progesterone fordeterminationofpersonal lung cancer riskinmen

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
A. N. Glushkov ◽  
E. G. Polenok ◽  
S. A. Mun ◽  
L. A. Gordeeva ◽  
M. V. Kostyanko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients

A personalized lung cancer risk assessment is important for disease prevention.The aim of the studywas to estimate a significance of immunoanalysis of antibodies to benzo[a]pyrene, estradiol and progesterone for lung cancer risk prediction in men with respect to age and smoking.Material and methods. Serum antibodies to benzo[a]pyrene, estradiol and progesterone in the blood serum of 620 healthy men (279 smokers) and 827 lung cancer patients (627 smokers) were studied using semi-quantitative enzyme immunoassay.Results. The high lung cancer risk was observed in smokers aged over 55 years: oR=15.4 (11.5–20.8 95 % ci). the lung cancer risk in this group of patients was significantly lower when their levels of antibodies to benzo[a]pyrene and to estradiol were lower than those to progesterone: oR=3.2 (2.0–5.0). the lung cancer risk was higher when the personal levels of antibodies to benzo[a]pyrene and to estradiol were higher than the levels of antibodies to progesterone: oR=20.0 (10.5–38.1).Conclusion. The immunoassay of the blood serum antibodies specific to benzo[a]pyrene, estradiol and progesterone could be useful for determination of the lung cancer risk in men.

Classifying of Krasnoyarsk territory using a risk-based approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. S. Ivanova ◽  
V. V. Moskvichev ◽  
O. V. Taseiko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Information System ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Development Risks

The problem of sustainable development of industrial territories is considered with using a nonzero risk concept of accidents and catastrophes. Th e mathematical models for risk assessment were chosen for the information system of territorial risk management and safety. The purpose of the work is to identify and analyze basic technological risks for the information system of territorial risk management and safety (IST RMS) of the Krasnoyarsk territory. This information system provides making decision on the implementation of measures aimed at reducing the risks of sustainable development. The following tasks are set in the work: determination of the basic technospheric risks; calculation and analyzing risk of anthropogenic emergencies on the example of the Krasnoyarsk territory; safety analysis of the region. To achieve the purpose of this work were used probabilistic-statistical research methods. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to implement a national safety strategy at the regional level through risk assessment and analysis. The result of the work is an assessment of technological risks and a generalized security analysis of the municipalities and regions in the Krasnoyarsk territory. We obtained the basic development risks and algorithms for assessing territorial safety are determined using statistical analysis, ranges of individual, collective, material and social risks in an anthropogenic emergency. The classifying of territories according to the degree of anthropogenic hazard was carried out. Based on the obtained results, we conclude that in order to achieve acceptable risk values, it is necessary to use an integrated system approach to multifunctional monitoring of territories.

scholarly journals Cancer Risk Assessment and the Biostatistical Revolution of the 1970s—A Reflection

Dose-Response ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932581880640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenny Crump
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Multistage Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Assessment Guidelines ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Before around 1960, assessment of risk from exposure to toxic substances, including risk of cancer, was generally implemented using the NOAEL-safety factor approach that essentially assumed that an exposure threshold existed and exposures below the threshold carried no risk. In the 1970s there came a realization that cancer could develop from a mutation in a single cell and consequently it was unlikely that a threshold existed for substances that could cause such mutations, and that risk could increase linearly with exposure. During this time the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was formed and charged with protecting the public from a perceived high risk of environmental cancer. Faced with this difficult task, EPA decided to assess cancer risk by fitting a statistical model to dose-response cancer data and extrapolating to low dose using the fitted model. After some early experimentation EPA selected the Linearized Multistage Model for this fitting, which predicted risk increased linearly with exposure at low exposures. This approach led to an increased emphasis on statistical issues in risk assessment. Today, cancer risk assessment guidelines allow for different approaches depending upon the understanding of a substance's mode of action. However, a review of EPA's experience with current guidelines indicates that most cancer risk assessments still follow procedures similar to those initiated more than 40 years ago.

scholarly journals RISK ASSESSMENT OF INNOVATION ACTIVITIES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Nikolaevna Belanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Expert Assessments

The article is devoted to the analysis of risks of innovation activity. Risk assessment is based on the method of expert assessments with the determination of the probability of occurrence of an event and possible losses. This allows you to identify the most significant risks and develop risk management measures (diversification, limitation, reservation, insurance, etc.).

scholarly journals Cancer Risk Assessment of Trihalomethanes Exposure in Tap and Swimming Pool Water in Kuantan Hotel

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
M.E.S. Marekan ◽  
A.A. Suhaimi ◽  
N.M. Hussin ◽  
R.A. Romzay
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Acceptable Risk ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Swimming Pool Water

Chlorination is a common disinfection method for tap and swimming pool water as it is the most effective and low-cost method compared with others. The purpose of the study was to assess cancer risk of THMs exposure in tap and swimming pool water in Kuantan hotels. Temperature and pH were analyzed as an in-situ measurement while the rest of the parameters were analyzed in the laboratory. The concentration of four forms of THMs in tap and swimming pool water analyzed from Hotel X are 1.23ug/L and 1.35ug/L for CHCl3 respectively and none for the CHCl2Br, CHClBr2 and CHBr3. The concentration of four forms of THMs in tap and swimming pool water at Hotel Y are 1.25ug/L and 1.18ug/L respectively for CHCl3 and none for the CHCl2Br, CHClBr2 and CHBr3. The cancer risk from exposure to THMs at Hotel X are 1.6 x 10- 5 for tap water, 1.9 x 10-5 for swimming pool water and 2.0 x 10-4 for both tap and swimming pool water while cancer risk from exposure to THMs at Hotel Y are 1.7 x 10-5 for tap water, 1.6 x 10-5 for swimming pool water and 1.19 x 10-4 for both tap and swimming pool water.Thus, it shows that, it is in range of acceptable risk.

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