Responding to farmers' needs: An evolving land grant perspective

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Land Grant ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Land Grant Universities ◽  
Public System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research And Education

AbstractFarmers and the agricultural research and extension community at the land grant universities have experienced an evolving relationship. The current call for reform in publicly sponsored agricultural research and extension is built upon more than a century of dialog. If specialization and discipline-oriented research is to continue, the ecosystem-based knowledge of the farmer will become increasingly valuable. Involving farmers more actively in research and education could be achieved in several ways. Outside the land grant system, nonprofit agricultural research and demonstration organizations are being developed. Within the public system we need a renewed emphasis on extension at the local level and a revitalized applied research effort aimed at solving problems of the agricultural ecosystem rather than single disciplines. A dynamic and resourceful agriculture could result from including the farmer as a full partner in land grant research and education.

scholarly journals A Review of Alternative Management Tactics Employed for the Control of Various Cockroach Species (Order: Blattodea) in the USA

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Ameya D. Gondhalekar ◽  
Arthur G. Appel ◽  
Gretchen M. Thomas ◽  
Alvaro Romero
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Alternative Tactics ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Alternative Control Methods

Effective control of domestic and peridomestic cockroaches requires integrated approaches that emphasize concurrent use of chemicals with alternative control tactics. An integrated pest management (IPM) approach is particularly justified in environments where satisfactory cockroach control cannot be achieved due to multiple factors including development of insecticide aversion and resistance in some cockroach species, and poor sanitation or structural issues that foster infestations. While a flurry of research effort has been devoted to study alternative tactics for cockroach control, only a few of them have been evaluated in the context of IPM programs. This review focuses on examining studies on alternative tactics that are proven efficacious, economical, and logistically feasible for their inclusion in IPM programs for important domestic and peridomestic cockroaches in the USA. Management programs that educate the public on cockroach biology, behavior, and the importance of sanitation; use of traps to monitor infestation levels; apply targeted low impact insecticides such as baits, have demonstrated a greater success for effective and sustainable control of cockroaches when compared to an insecticide-only approach. Incorporation of other alternative control methods to IPM programs will require more applied research that validates their use in real-world scenarios and demonstrates their cost-effectiveness.

scholarly journals Addressing Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture and Natural Resources: Barriers and Priorities for Land-Grant Universities in the Northeastern United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tobin ◽  
Rama Radhakrishna ◽  
Allison Chatrchyan ◽  
Shorna B. Allred
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Land Grant ◽  
Land Grant Universities ◽  
Climate Change Research

Abstract Climate change has serious implications for agricultural production, natural resource management, and food security. In the United States, land-grant universities and the U.S. Cooperative Extension System have a critical role to play in conducting basic and applied research related to climate change and translating findings into meaningful programming. However, land-grant universities and Extension have had difficulty maintaining their roles as the preeminent source of trusted information on complex topics like climate change. To help guide research and programming agendas of land-grant universities, the authors explored the barriers and priorities that researchers and Extension personnel at 16 northeastern land-grant universities perceive as they pursue climate change research and programming. Through an online survey, respondents indicated their perceptions of barriers related to information, workplace, and target audiences as well as the priorities they perceived as most important for land-grant universities to pursue. Statistical analysis indicated that lack of funding, lack of time, lack of locally relevant climate information, and challenges with target audiences were among the most critical barriers. In terms of future priorities, respondents indicated securing funding for applied research, training Extension educators, and developing locally relevant decision support tools as the most important activities northeastern land-grant universities can undertake. Based on these findings, this study concludes that land-grant universities will need to strategically pursue research and educational programming on climate change in ways that integrate research and Extension and simultaneously address climate change and other concerns of land managers.

scholarly journals Market Failures and Land Grant Universities

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis M. Epplin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
University Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Land Grant ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Land Grant Universities ◽  
Private Market ◽  
History Of ◽  
Efficient Level

One hundred and fifty years ago, the 1862 Morrill Land Grant Act was signed into law. Wise people at that time recognized that the private market for education failed to produce an efficient level of education decades before the economic theory was developed to explain that market failures reduce efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to review the history of selected events that resulted in the development of publicly funded U.S. educational institutions and to issue a challenge for our profession to do a better job of educating about the theoretical justification for using tax dollars to support university education and agricultural research and the efficiency enhancing consequences of that use.

scholarly journals Institutional issues and strategies for sustainable agriculture: View from within the land-grant university

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra S. Batie ◽  
Scott M. Swinton
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Land Grant ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Land Grant University ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Research And Education

AbstractSustainable agricultural research and education have gained acceptability within the land-grant system, but they still must be fully integrated into its fabric. Challenges remain in three key areas: knowledge generation, research and education, and funding. New biological and ecological knowledge is needed on plant-animal-human-environment interactions from the microbial level on upward so that we can move beyond anecdotal evidence of biological integration efficiencies to scientific understanding of the underlying processes and opportunities for human intervention. Socioeconomic research must address human motivations to change farming methods and the likely impacts of these changes on farmers, consumers, other species, and the quality of the environment.Generating this knowledge will affect the integration of research and education. Having farmers set the research and outreach agenda dissolves the old distinction between research and extension. This situation is complicated by budgetary stress and uncertainty about the dividing line between public and private responsibilities. The funding of sustainableagriculture creates a dilemma. Earmarked funding has helped legitimize sustainable agriculture in the land-grant university, but if it fails to become integrated into the routine land-grant research and education agenda, it will lose its newly gained momentum in the event those funds disappear.

Research and agriculture: Challenging the public system

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Danbom
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Change ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Research System ◽  
Public System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Expectations ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Agricultural Research System

AbstractThe publicly sponsored agricultural research system in the United States has always had to deal with the tension between public expectations and scientific practices and standards. The equilibrium it established between those two contradictory demands has been unraveling since the 1960s. The contemporary challenge to the system is to redefine its public and scientific roles in an environment of rapid scientific change and of public debate and disunity.

Whole farm case studies and focus groups: Participatory strategies for agricultural research and education programs

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Murray ◽  
Lorna Michael Butler
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Land Grant Universities ◽  
Farming Systems Analysis ◽  
Research And Education

AbstractResearch and extension personnel are beginning to look for new strategies to involve more farmers and the non-farm public in their programs. Two approaches we have used are wholefarm case studies (WFCS) and focus groups. WFCS in Oregon and Washington led to several research and educational programming ideas that are currently being pursued in both states. A focus group to study water quality, nitrate leaching and farming practices in Skagit County, Washington is one outcome of the WFCS process. It is made up of 16 people, including farmers, university personnel, members of environmental groups, and government representatives.We review these two complementary participatory strategies for systems-oriented sustainable agriculture research and education programs. Both have been very useful for building problem-solving partnerships between the land-grant universities and agricultural and environmental constituents in our area. Noteworthy outcomes include: complementary applied on-farm and experiment station research; farming systems analysis; public education; new linkages with environmental and agricultural interest groups; additional grant funds to address identified priority issues; and interdisciplinary teams that cut across the biological and social sciences and include diverse citizen representation.

Addressing the challenges of sustainable agriculture research and extension at land-grant universities: Radially organized teams at Wisconsin

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Stevenson ◽  
Joshua Posner ◽  
John Hall ◽  
Lee Cunningham ◽  
Jan Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Land Grant ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Land Grant Universities ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Agricultural Societies ◽  
Radial Model ◽  
Single Discipline

AbstractResearchers at land-grant universities are under pressure to widen their research objectives, which requires them to expand their inquiry from a disciplinary base to a systems level, to include farmers and nonuniversity organizations as research collaborators, and to communicate with broader sectors of the public, such as consumers and policy makers. However, there are few rewards for scientists who undertake long-term, systems based research. An approach that brings together multidisciplinary, multiprofession teams using a radial model of organization has successfully addressed these challenges in Wisconsin. A small “hub” manages the team, with the remaining participants linked to component taskforces or “satellite” projects. This enables research to be done on both multidisciplinary and related single-discipline questions. Radially organized teams can attract diverse people with different time commitments and reward incentives. The research meets the criteria of public and academic audiences alike. For innovative research and extension efforts like radial teams to reach their full potential, larger institutional changes are needed within the land-grant system and professional agricultural societies.

scholarly journals 1039 THE NEW ENGLAND EXTENSION CONSORTIUM: INTEGRATING RESEARCH AND EXTENSION ACROSS A REGION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 577c-577
Author(s):  
John M. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Learning Organization ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Land Grant ◽  
Extension Programs ◽  
Land Grant Universities ◽  
The Public

There is a fundamental need for the land grant system to debate and rediscover its place in society as a learning organization founded upon enhanced internal and external connectivity. Two critical connections are the linkage between research and extension, and cooperation among the states. As with any system in which the component parts are no longer functionally integrated, the land grant system is declining in vitality. Poor cooperation among states and weak linkages between the research and extension functions have reduced the capacity of the system to serve the public good. The New England Extension Consortium was created to enhance public access to the research base of the land grant universities and to increase the efficiency and efficacy of extension programs in the six New England states.

scholarly journals An Analysis in Support of Agricultural Research Funding

1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
J. Dean Jansma
Keyword(s):  
Research Funding ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Land Grant ◽  
Land Grant Universities ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Formula Funding

There is increasing evidence that research funding sources are requiring additional assurances that the expenditure of their resources is in the “highest and best use.” Legislative calls for sunset provisions and mandated evaluations plus administrative moves toward grant rather than formula funding emphasize the push for more direct accountability. The objective of this paper is to outline the work of a committee charged with assisting the directors of agricultural research and extension in the nation's land grant universities in their requests for funds for high priority research.

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