Influence of Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) on Surface Runoff and Sediment Yield

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Lacey ◽  
Clayton B. Marlow ◽  
John R. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Centaurea Maculosa ◽  
Spotted Knapweed ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Runoff And Sediment Yield ◽  
Made In

The influence of spotted knapweed on surface runoff and sediment yield was determined under simulated rainfall conditions near Garrison, MT. Comparisons were made in 12 paired plots: one of each pair dominated by bunchgrass and the other dominated by spotted knapweed. Runoff and sediment yield were 56% and 192% higher, respectively, for the spotted knapweed, rather than the bunchgrass vegetation types. Spotted knapweed invasion onto bunchgrass range of western Montana is thus detrimental to the protection of soil and water resources.

scholarly journals Impact of Multiple Vegetation Covers on Surface Runoff and Sediment Yield in the Small Basin of Nverzhai, Hunan Province, China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Luo ◽  
Xiaoling Zhou ◽  
Matteo Rubinato ◽  
Guijing Li ◽  
Yuxin Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Runoff And Sediment Yield ◽  
Small Basin

Vegetation plays a significant role in controlling soil erosion. However, the effects of each vegetation type on soil erosion have not been fully investigated. In order to explore the influence of multiple vegetation covers on soil erosion and surface runoff generation, 10 different vegetation types, typical of the Nverzhai small basin, have been selected for this study. Regional precipitation, surface runoff, and sediment yield were measured from 2007 to 2018. The wettest year recorded was 2012. Recorded data confirmed that July was the wettest month in this region while January and December were the driest months. Furthermore, surface runoff and sediment yield associated with different vegetation types gradually decreased after 2013, which is the quantification of the consequences due to afforestation processes started in this area. Surface runoff and sediment content recorded for the configuration of sloping farmland were the largest between the different investigated vegetation types. The smallest were the broad-leaved mixed forest, the coniferous mixed forest, and shrubs. Finally, a significant linear positive correlation was found between rainfall and surface runoff, as well as sediment yield (R2 = 0.75). This suggests that climate change implications could be limited by using the more efficient vegetation covering. This research indicates that the ground cover is a key element in controlling soil and water loss, as well as vegetation measures, with high ground cover (i.e., broad-leaved trees). These measures should be strongly recommended for soil erosion control and surface runoff reduction. Moreover, these outcomes can be very helpful for vegetation restoration and water conservation strategies if implemented by local authorities.

Application of neural network and grey relational analysis in ranking the factors affecting runoff and sediment yield under simulated rainfall

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Jun Huang ◽  
Pute Wu ◽  
Xining Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Network Modelling ◽  
Antecedent Soil Moisture ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Grey Relational ◽  
Runoff And Sediment Yield

Soil erosion is a dynamic environmental process that influenced by multiple factors. However, most previous studies only examined the causative factors without ranking their relative importance or examining the individual factors. In this work, back-propagation (BP) neural network modelling and grey relational analysis were used to rank the effects of 7 factors—vegetation growth stage (VGS), vegetation type (VT), vegetation cover (VC), rainfall intensity (RI), rainfall duration (RD), antecedent soil moisture (ASM) and slope gradient (SG)—on total runoff (TR) and total sediment (TS) following simulated rainfall events at 5 intensities (30, 45, 60, 90, 120 mm h–1). The experimental plots including 4 treatments, bare soil (control), ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), purple medic (Medicago sativa L.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under 4 different slopes (9%, 18%, 27.8%, 36.4%). BP models were constructed to predict TR and TS; their predictions tracked the experimental data very closely. A factor analysis based on the BP models ranked the influence of the 7 factors on TR and TS as RI > VC > ASM > RD > VGS > VT > SG and RI > VC > SG > ASM > RD > VGS > VT, respectively. Grey relational analysis provided similar results, ranking the effects of these factors on TR and TS in the order RI > VC > ASM > RD > SG > VGS > VT and RI > VC > SG > ASM > RD > VT > VGS, respectively. These results indicate that runoff and sediment yield depend most strongly on RI and VC, while the effects of the other factors are less pronounced.

Soil Erosion Process in Sloped Shrub Plots under Simulated Rainfall

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2094-2097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Qing Xiao ◽  
Wen Yi Yao ◽  
Chang Gao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Erosion Process ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
Runoff And Sediment Yield

Runoff, sediment yield and infiltration process of shrub plots were studied under rainfall intensities of 45, 87 and 127 mm/h with 20° slope gradient using simulated rainfall experiment. The results showed that cumulative runoff and cumulative sediment yield of shrub plot had an obvious positive correlation with rainfall time. Under rainfall intensity of 45 mm/h, runoff and sediment yield of shrub plot kept a constant level. Under rainfall intensity of 87 mm/h, runoff kept a fluctuant increase, whereas sediment yield basically kept steady. Under rainfall intensity of 127 mm/h, runoff and sediment yield of shrub plot increased evidently due to the formation of erosion pits. Infiltration rate of shrub plot had a negative relation with runoff as well as sediment yield.

Effect of Shrub Planting on Runoff and Sediment under Simulated Rainfall

2012 ◽  
Vol 212-213 ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Pei Qing Xiao ◽  
Wen Yi Yao ◽  
Chang Gao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Flow Shear ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Hydraulic Mechanism ◽  
Flow Shear Stress ◽  
Sediment Reduction ◽  
Runoff And Sediment Yield

Effect of shrub on runoff and sediment yield and its hydraulic mechanism of shrub were studied under rainfall intensities of 45, 87 and 127mm/h with 20°slope gradient using simulated rainfall experiment. the results showed that average runoff rates ranged from 39.7 to 126.0 L/min for bare plots and 0.77 to 4.83 L/min for shrub plots, and the runoff rates from shrub plots were much less than from bare plots. Average sediment yields varied from 3636.7 to 9436.3 g/min for bare plots and from 28.0 to 421.6 g/min for shrub plots. The critical flow shear stress of 1.65 N/m2 on shrub slope and 0.861 N/m2 on bare slope were got under experiment condition. The sediment yield increased with the increase of flow shear stress. The experiment results are meaningful for quantifying runoff and sediment reduction and deepening soil erosion mechanical process also.

Plant-compositional effects on surface runoff and sediment yield in subalpine grassland

2009 ◽  
Vol 172 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Merz ◽  
Christine Alewell ◽  
Erika Hiltbrunner ◽  
Dominik Bänninger
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Compositional Effects ◽  
Runoff And Sediment Yield
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