Identifying Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitors for Potential Control of Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) and Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) in Corn (Zea mays)

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy L. Sprague ◽  
Amy L. Frasier ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Imidazolinone Herbicides ◽  
Corn Hybrid

Control of two perennial weeds, quackgrass and Canada thistle, and the differential sensitivities of three imidazolinone-resistant (IMI) corn hybrids and their sensitive isolines to various acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides were evaluated in greenhouse studies. The postemergence sulfonylurea herbicides nicosulfuron and primisulfuron controlled quackgrass > 80%. The imidazolinone herbicides imazapyr and imazamox applied postemergence controlled quackgrass 70 and 74%, respectively. Canada thistle control was 89% with the sulfonylurea herbicide metsulfuron. Primisulfuron, chlorsulfuron, and tribenuron controlled Canada thistle > 70%. The imidazolinonesensitive corn hybrids did not tolerate the imidazolinone herbicides imazethapyr, imazaquin, imazapyr, AC 263,222, and imazamox; the sulfonylurea herbicides chlorimuron, chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron, tribenuron, and triflusulfuron; and the pyrimidinylthiobenzoate herbicide pyrithiobac applied postemergence. The ‘Ciba 4393 IMR’ corn hybrid, homozygous for an unknown allele, was resistant to all of the various ALS-inhibiting herbicides that injured its sensitive isoline. The magnitude of resistance for this hybrid was greater than the other IR corn hybrids. The ‘Pioneer 3751 IR’ corn hybrid, homozygous for theXA-17ALS allele, was also resistant to a number of ALS-inhibiting herbicides. The ‘ICI 8692 IT’ corn hybrid, heterozygous for theMut2allele, was only resistant to the imidazolinone herbicides.

Combined Effects of Acetolactate Synthase-Inhibiting Herbicides with Terbufos and Piperonyl Butoxide on Corn (Zea mays) and Soybean (Glycine max)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chae Soon Kwon ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Imidazolinone Herbicides ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
Corn Hybrid

Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the response of six corn hybrids and two soybean varieties to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor herbicides applied with terbufos and/or piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a mixed function oxidase (MFO) inhibitor. Field experiments also were conducted to determine the response of six corn hybrids to the combination treatments, terbufos plus ALS inhibitor herbicides and/or PBO and/or antidote. PBO at 0.33 kg/ha tank-mixed with nicosulfuron and primisulfuron injured the Northrup King 9283 corn hybrid. Great Lakes 584 corn was less sensitive than Northrup King 9283 to these combination treatments. Pioneer 3377 IR corn hybrid was resistant to the combination of nicosulfuron or primisulfuron plus PBO at 2 kg/ha and also to the combination treatments of imazethapyr herbicide plus PBO even though terbufos was previously applied. ICI 8532 IT, ICI 8532, and Pioneer 3377 hybrids were injured by the combination of nicosulfuron or primisulfuron and/or terbufos and/or PBO at 2 kg/ha. ICI 8532 IT corn hybrid was not injured by the combination treatment of imazethapyr or thifensulfuron and terbufos. In the field studies, Pioneer 3377 IR and Ciba 4393 RSC hybrids were resistant to sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides even when applied with PBO regardless of the presence of terbufos. All treatments of chlorimuron plus terbufos caused considerable injury to ICI 8532 IT, ICI 8532, Pioneer 3377, and Ciba 4393, but not Pioneer 3377 IR and Ciba 4393 RSC. The combination of thifensulfuron with PBO injured Elgin ‘87 soybean, but the W20 soybean was tolerant to this combination treatment. Combination of imazethapyr with PBO did not affect the growth of Elgin ‘87 soybean.

Absorption, Action, and Translocation of Glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Sprankle ◽  
William F. Meggitt ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Nitrilotriacetic Acid ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Radioactive glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] is rapidly absorbed with a large portion of the 14C translocated to the rhizomes and untreated shoots of quackgrass [Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.]. The adjuvant used with glyphosate was important in determining its phytotoxicity to quackgrass. In other perennial weeds and annual species, glyphosate also moved to the areas of highest metabolic activity. In Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.], bentazon (3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4) 3H-one 2,2-dioxide) at 2.24 kg/ha applied prior to treatment with 14C-glyphosate reduced 14C translocation. Iron or nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) did not appear to effect glyphosate activity on wheat (Triticium aestivum L. ‘Avon’). The respiration of quackgrass treated with glyphosate was significantly reduced 9 days after treatment. Glyphosate reduced total photosynthesis more in quackgrass than in wheat.

Differential Herbicide Response Among Sulfonylurea-Resistant Kochia scoparia L. Accessions

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sivakumaran ◽  
D. Mulugeta ◽  
P. K. Fay ◽  
W. E. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
The Third ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Resistant Accession ◽  
Intermediate Response ◽  
Imidazolinone Herbicides

Three chlorsulfuron-resistant kochia accessions were tested for levels of resistance to sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides, based on whole plant response and sensitivity of the target enzyme. The resistant Minot and Chester accessions were not affected by treatment with 175 g ha−1 chlorsulfuron, and I50 values for the Chester accession ranged from 22-fold (metsulfuron-methyl) to 196-fold (chlorsulfuron) higher than the susceptible Bozeman accession. However, the Chester accession was 1.5- to 2-fold more resistant than Minot to five sulfonylurea herbicides, as determined by acetolactate synthase (ALS) I50 values. The third resistant accession (Power) displayed an intermediate response and was only 2- to 5-fold more resistant than the susceptible Bozeman accession to all sulfonylurea herbicides tested. The Minot and Chester accessions were slightly cross-resistant to four imidazolinone herbicides, ranging from 2-fold (imazamethabenz, imazethapyr, and imazaquin) to 6-fold (imazapyr) more resistant than the Bozeman accession, but cross-resistance levels did not differ appreciably between the Minot and Chester accessions. The Power accession was not cross-resistant to the four imidazolinone herbicides tested. The results demonstrate that degrees of ALS resistance and cross-resistance are highly variable among kochia populations: these differences may be due to the type of mutation in the gene encoding ALS.

Glyphosate and Paraquat Effectiveness in Woody Nursery Stock

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ray Frank ◽  
J. A. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Rumex Acetosella ◽  
Polygonum Pensylvanicum ◽  
Common Dandelion ◽  
Ornamental Species

Six species of 2- or 3-yr-old woody nursery stock were planted in the field in May 1976. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] at 2.2 or 4.5 kg/ha or paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) at 0.6 or 1.1 kg/ha were applied one or two times as directed sprays in 1976 and one, two, or three times each season in 1977 and 1978. Three applications of glyphosate or paraquat were required to control weeds during the entire growing season. When late-season applications of glyphosate were made during 1977, residual weed control was observed during early 1978. When glyphosate was applied twice a year for 3 yr at 4.5 kg/ha, four of the previously dominant perennial weeds were controlled, including common dandelion (Taraxacum officinaleWeber), broadleaf dock (Rumex obtusifoliusL.), buckhorn plantain (Plantago lanceolataL.), and red sorrel (Rumex acetosellaL.). Three applications provided 100% control of seven of the eight remaining broadleaf perennials, including hedge bindweed (Convolvulus sepiumL.) and Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop.]; six of seven species of broadleaf annuals, including Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicumL.) and tumble pigweed (Amaranthus albusL.); and all of the remaining grass weeds. Crop size, crop quality, and marketability of the six ornamental species were not adversely affected by either herbicide. Two or three applications of glyphosate at 2.2 kg/ha or two treatments at 4.5 kg/ha increased plant size of andorra junipers (Juniperus horizontalisRend.). Three treatments of glyphosate at 2.2 kg/ha also increased the size of dwarf Japanese yews (Taxus cuspidataSieb. & Zucc.) and two treatments at 4.5 kg/ha increased the size of boxleaf Japanese holly (Ilex crenataThunb.).

Herbicide Programs for the Control of ALS-Resistant Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) in Corn (Zea mays)

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. King ◽  
Edward S. Hagood
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Treatment Timing ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Experienced Difficulty ◽  
Corn Hybrid ◽  
Better Than

Growers from three counties in Virginia have recently experienced difficulty controlling shattercane in corn with acetolactate synthase (ALS)–inhibiting herbicides. Seed was collected from these locations and from a susceptible biotype and tested for resistance to imazethapyr, imazapyr, and nicosulfuron in greenhouse trials. Seedlings from these locations were also treated with glufosinate and glyphosate. Greenhouse experiments indicated that one of the four shattercane biotypes was resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Effective control of the resistant biotype was possible with glufosinate or glyphosate. Field experiments were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to determine the most effective herbicide program utilizing herbicide-tolerant/-resistant corn hybrids for the control of shattercane. Early postemergence (EP) and late postemergence (LP) applications of imazethapyr plus imazapyr or EP nicosulfuron did not control shattercane, and yield from the imidazolinone-tolerant (IT) hybrid was equivalent between these treatments and was equivalent to yield from the weedy control (WC). At 23 wk after planting (WAP), EP applications of glyphosate controlled shattercane 71 and 75% compared to only 21 and 66% with EP applications of glufosinate in 2003 and 2004, respectively. In both years, LP applications of glufosinate or glyphosate controlled shattercane better than did EP applications of glufosinate or glyphosate. Treatment timing with respect to corn yield within either the glufosinate-resistant (LL) or glyphosate-resistant (RR) corn hybrid was critical. EP treatments of glufosinate or glyphosate resulted in yields that were equivalent to yield from the weed-free control (WFC) of each hybrid. LP treatments of glufosinate or glyphosate, however, resulted in yields that were equivalent to only 90 and 91% of yield from the WFC of each hybrid, respectively.

scholarly journals Changes in weed species spectrum of perennial weeds on arable land, meadows and pastures

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S63-S66 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mikulka ◽  
M. Korčáková ◽  
V. Burešová ◽  
J. Andr
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
High Increase ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis

Occurrence of selected perennial weeds has been monitored at control sites across the Czech Republic since 1989, and trends of their occurrence have been evaluated. The monitoring has been aimed mainly at <i>Cirsium arvense</i> (L.) SCOP, <i>Sonchus arvensis</i> L., <i>Artemisia vulgaris</i> L., <i>Stachys palustris</i> L., <i>Bolboschoenus planiculmis</i>, <i>Bolboschoenus laticarpus</i>, and <i>Elytrigia repens</i> (L.) NEV. on arable land and <i>Taraxacum officinale</i> L.A. on pastures and meadows. High increase in the frequency of occurrence of <i>C. arvense</i> and <i>E. repens</i> was found out in the mid-nineties while the infestation frequency with these two weeds decreased later on. The occurrence of infestation with the other perennial weeds <i>Cirsium arvense</i>, <i>Elytrigia repens</i>, <i>Sonchus arvensis</i>, <i>Bolboschoenus planiculmis, <i>Bolboschoenus laticarpus</i>, <i>Stachys palustris</i>, <i>Artemisia vulgaris</i> and <i>Taraxacum officinale</i> L.A. slightly but continually increased.

Absorption, Translocation, and Foliar Activity of Clopyralid and Chlorsulfuron in Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm D. Devine ◽  
William H. Vanden Born
Keyword(s):  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
Root Buds

Both14C-clopyralid (3,6-dichloropicolinic acid) and14C-chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzensulfonamide} were readily absorbed by Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop. ♯ CIRAR] leaves, with 99 and 75%, respectively, of the applied doses absorbed 144 h after application. Absorbed14C-clopyralid was rapidly exported from the treated leaves, whereas14C-chlorsulfuron was translocated much more slowly. After 144 h, 29% of the applied14C-clopyralid and 5% of the applied14C-chlorsulfuron were recovered in the roots and developing root buds of Canada thistle plants. Smaller amounts of the two herbicides were absorbed and translocated in perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensisL. ♯ SONAR) than in Canada thistle. More14C-clopyralid than14C-chlorsulfuron was absorbed and translocated out of treated leaves of perennial sowthistle, but equal amounts, 3 to 4% of the applied doses, were recovered in the roots and root buds 144 h after application. Foliar applications of clopyralid, followed by removal of the treated shoot 24, 72, or 144 h after application, markedly reduced shoot regrowth in both Canada thistle and perennial sowthistle. Similar treatment with chlorsulfuron did not prevent shoot regrowth in either species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document