scholarly journals Changes in weed species spectrum of perennial weeds on arable land, meadows and pastures

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S63-S66 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mikulka ◽  
M. Korčáková ◽  
V. Burešová ◽  
J. Andr
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
High Increase ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis

Occurrence of selected perennial weeds has been monitored at control sites across the Czech Republic since 1989, and trends of their occurrence have been evaluated. The monitoring has been aimed mainly at <i>Cirsium arvense</i> (L.) SCOP, <i>Sonchus arvensis</i> L., <i>Artemisia vulgaris</i> L., <i>Stachys palustris</i> L., <i>Bolboschoenus planiculmis</i>, <i>Bolboschoenus laticarpus</i>, and <i>Elytrigia repens</i> (L.) NEV. on arable land and <i>Taraxacum officinale</i> L.A. on pastures and meadows. High increase in the frequency of occurrence of <i>C. arvense</i> and <i>E. repens</i> was found out in the mid-nineties while the infestation frequency with these two weeds decreased later on. The occurrence of infestation with the other perennial weeds <i>Cirsium arvense</i>, <i>Elytrigia repens</i>, <i>Sonchus arvensis</i>, <i>Bolboschoenus planiculmis, <i>Bolboschoenus laticarpus</i>, <i>Stachys palustris</i>, <i>Artemisia vulgaris</i> and <i>Taraxacum officinale</i> L.A. slightly but continually increased.

scholarly journals РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СООБЩЕСТВА НАРУШЕННЫХ МЕСТООБИТАНИЙ ТАЙГИ И ПОДТАЙГИ ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛЬЧЕСКОЙ ЧАСТИ КРАСНОЯРСКОГО КРАЯ

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Бекетова О.А. ◽  
Комаров И.В.
Keyword(s):  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Equisetum Arvense ◽  
Anthriscus Sylvestris ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis

В статье представлены результаты исследования сорной флоры Енисейского и Казачинского районов Красноярского края. Объектом исследования является сорный компонент флоры Красноярского края. Цель исследования: обследовать растительные сообщества рудеральных и нарушенных местообитаний, выявить наиболее распространенные виды в условиях тайги и подтайги земледельческой части Красноярского края. Маршрут прoхoдил вдoль oснoвнoй трассы Краснoярск – Енисейск (04К-044 «Енисейский тракт»), oхват примернo oт 170 до 284 км. При oбследoвании делали oстанoвки через каждые 8–10 км в зависимoсти oт наличия участкoв, занятых пoд зернoвые культуры. На местообитаниях разного типа наиболее представительными являются семейство Poaceae Bernhart. Мятликовые, семейство Asteraceae Dumort. Астровые, также больше видов семейства Fabaceae Lindl. Бобовые и семейства Brassicaceae Burnett (Cruciferae Juss.) Капустные. В посевах зерновых культур более обильно и чаще встречаются следующие виды: Apera spica-venti (L.) Beauv. – метлица обыкновенная, Equisetum arvense L. – хвощ полевой, Amaranthus retroflexus L. – щирица запрокинутая, Taraxacum officinale Wigg. – одуванчик лекарственный, Sonchus arvensis L. – осот полевой, Cichorium intybus L. – цикорий обыкновенный, Cannabis ruderalis Janish – конопля сорная. Для каждого растения на нарушенных местообитаниях рассчитали: встречаемость, средний балл обилия вида, интегральный индекс встречаемости и обилия. Наиболее высокий интегральный индекс выявлен для видов: Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski – пырей ползучий, Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Bess. – бодяк щетинистый, осот розовый, Equisetum arvense L. – хвощ полевой, Artemisia vulgaris L. – полынь обыкновенная, чернобыльник, Matricaria perforate Меrat – ромашка непахучая, Anthriscus sylvestris – купырь лесной, морковник, дудка, Trifolium repens L. – клевер ползучий, Plantago major L. – подорожник большой, Festuca pratensis Huds. – овсяница луговая, Urtica dioica L. – крапива двудомная, который составляет 1,24 – 0,41. На рудеральных местообитаниях наиболее вредоносные виды: Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski – пырей ползучий, Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Bess. – бодяк щетинистый, осот розовый, Equisetum arvense L. – хвощ полевой, Artemisia vulgaris L. – полынь обыкновенная, чернобыльник.

scholarly journals Weed Species Diversity in the Czech Republic Under Different Farming and Site Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Kolářová ◽  
Luděk Tyšer ◽  
Josef Soukup
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Winter Cereals

The aim of this study was to explore the composition of weed vegetation on arable land in selected areas of the Czech Republic and to determine the level of γ-diversity. Our survey was conducted at 27 conventional and 35 organic farms from 2006–2008. In each sampled field, one phytocoenological relevé of a standard size of 100 m2 was recorded in the central part of the field. The species cover was estimated. The total γ-diversity was expressed as the total number of weed species recorded. γ-diversity of different farming systems, altitudes and crops was calculated. Subsequently, the species were divided on the basis of their perenniality. In total, 172 weed species were found – 123 and 162 in conventional and organic farming, respectively. The highest number of species was found in winter cereals and at medium altitudes. Chenopodium album was recorded as the species with the highest constancy in both types of farming. In total, 89 annuals, 17 biennials and 15 perennials were observed in conventional farming, and 109 annuals, 23 biennials, 28 perennials and 2 semiparasitic annuals were found in organic farming.

Identifying Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitors for Potential Control of Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) and Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) in Corn (Zea mays)

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy L. Sprague ◽  
Amy L. Frasier ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Imidazolinone Herbicides ◽  
Corn Hybrid

Control of two perennial weeds, quackgrass and Canada thistle, and the differential sensitivities of three imidazolinone-resistant (IMI) corn hybrids and their sensitive isolines to various acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides were evaluated in greenhouse studies. The postemergence sulfonylurea herbicides nicosulfuron and primisulfuron controlled quackgrass > 80%. The imidazolinone herbicides imazapyr and imazamox applied postemergence controlled quackgrass 70 and 74%, respectively. Canada thistle control was 89% with the sulfonylurea herbicide metsulfuron. Primisulfuron, chlorsulfuron, and tribenuron controlled Canada thistle > 70%. The imidazolinonesensitive corn hybrids did not tolerate the imidazolinone herbicides imazethapyr, imazaquin, imazapyr, AC 263,222, and imazamox; the sulfonylurea herbicides chlorimuron, chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron, tribenuron, and triflusulfuron; and the pyrimidinylthiobenzoate herbicide pyrithiobac applied postemergence. The ‘Ciba 4393 IMR’ corn hybrid, homozygous for an unknown allele, was resistant to all of the various ALS-inhibiting herbicides that injured its sensitive isoline. The magnitude of resistance for this hybrid was greater than the other IR corn hybrids. The ‘Pioneer 3751 IR’ corn hybrid, homozygous for theXA-17ALS allele, was also resistant to a number of ALS-inhibiting herbicides. The ‘ICI 8692 IT’ corn hybrid, heterozygous for theMut2allele, was only resistant to the imidazolinone herbicides.

Weed vegetation of arable land in the Czech Republic: environmental a management factors determining weed species composition

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Kolářová ◽  
Luděk Tyšer ◽  
Josef Soukup
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Significant Factors

AbstractThis paper reports on the current situation in weed vegetation composition on arable land in selected areas of the Czech Republic, assessment of influence of selected variables: applied management systems (conventional, organic), crops (winter cereals, root crops) and altitude and ranking of the importance of these particular factors. A phytocoenological survey was conducted from 2006 to 2008 during a vegetation period using relevés that were 100 m2 in size, placed in the central part of fields. In total, 202 relevés of agricultural vegetation were recorded. The combined environmental variables explained 10.6% of the variability. Based on the pCCAs, the highest effect was found at altitude, which explains 5.1% of the species composition variability. The second and third most significant factors are crop and management system, which explain 3.3% and 1.8% of the variability, respectively. The lowlands were generally characterised by the thermophilous summer annual weed species. The higher altitudes were populated by species that are typical for colder areas and poor, humid, and acidic soil types, such as cambisoil.

scholarly journals Occurrence of biotic harmful agents in Czech grass seed production (1995–2004)

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
B. Cagaš ◽  
J. Macháč ◽  
J. Frydrych ◽  
R. Macháč
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Poa Trivialis

In the years 1995–2004 the spectra of weeds, diseases and pests in grasses grown for seed in the Czech Republic were examined and the effect of external factors on their changes was assessed. The species spectrum of weeds evaluated both at the time of vegetation and in samples of natural seeds was stable throughout the period and the changes in the number of individual species were caused by different proportions of grass species and stand age. The most abundant weeds were <i>Elytrigia repens</i>, <i>Matricaria</i> sp.div., <i>Anthemis<i> sp.div., <i>Apera spica-venti</i>, <i>Cirsium arvense</i>, <i>Poa trivialis</i>, <i>Rumex</i> sp.div. and <i>Chenopodium</i> sp.div. The most serious diseases were parasitic silvertop, graminicolous rusts (<i>Puccinia</i> sp.div.), <i>Blumeria graminis</i> and ergot (<i>Claviceps purpurea</i>). The rate of rust occurrence was affected by climatic conditions; the spectrum of other diseases was stable throughout this period. The most important animal pests were <i>Muridae</i> rodents.

scholarly journals Weeds of cereal stubble-fields on various soils in the Kielce region. P. III. Black, alluvial and rendzina soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Maria Jędruszczak ◽  
Jan Majda
Keyword(s):  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Soil Features ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Myosotis Arvensis

The weed flora growing stubble-fields area is determined by soil features. Weeds found in cereal stubble-fields on black soils formed from sands and loams, medium and haevy alluvial soils as well as brown and chernozem rendzina soils are presented in the paper. The 273 phytosociological records were worked out. They were collected from 87 stands situated in 76 localities of Kielce region. The results showed that species number and species composition were dependent on the soils (black. alluvial, rendzina). The existance of 118 (medium alluvial soil) to 140 (brown rendzina soil) weed species, including 73 common for all of the soils considered, was found there. Relatively high per cent (29-35) of them belonged to perennial weeds. From 22 (brown rendzina soil) to 35 (heavy alluvial soil) of species reached high constancy degrees (V-III). <i>Stellaria media, Myosotis arvensis, Polygonum aviculare, Agropyron repens</i> and <i>Cirsium arvense</i> predominated on the all of the soil examined. Among the weed flora registered, 25 species, recorded only on rendzina soils, were distinguishable for that soils.

scholarly journals Occurrence of native weed species on arable land – Effect of different environmental factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Luděk Tyšer ◽  
Michaela Kolářová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Arable Weed

Native species form a substantial part of arable weed communities. The objective of this survey was to study the occurrence of native species in arable fields in the Czech Republic related to applied management systems (conventional and organic farming), crops (winter cereals, spring cereals, wide-row crops) and environmental conditions at different altitudes. In 2006–2018, a phytocoenological survey (320 relevés) was performed across the Czech Republic. In total, 180 weed species were recorded, of which 43.33% were considered as native (78 species). The net effects of all the studied variables on the occurrence of native species were found as statistically significant. Most of the variability was explained by the altitude, followed by the crop and type of farming. The highest occurrence of native weeds was noticed in organic farming and cereals and increased with an increasing altitude. The higher incidence in higher elevations can be connected to the more intensive agriculture in the lowlands.

scholarly journals Distribution of the most common weeds from fam. Asteraceae in Srem

Pesticidi ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-57
Author(s):  
Ruzica Igic ◽  
Branko Konstantinovic ◽  
Dubravka Polic ◽  
Goran Anackov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
Common Plant ◽  
Asteraceae Family ◽  
Common Plant Species

Weeds fall into a specific ecological group of plants and man should play the key role in controlling the process of their formation and the rate of their spreading. Damage caused by weeds is significant in both the agricultural and natural ecosystems. Therefore, special care should be paid to the current rate of their spreading, ensuring that the caused environmental changes do not become irreversible. The paper summarizes the locations in which the most common weed types of the Asteraceae family (Cichorium intybus, Cirsium arvense, Sonchus arvensis, Taraxacum officinale) are found. They are recorded on the UTM coded maps of Vojvodina (10x10 km). Presence of the Cirsium arvense (L) Scop., the most common plant species in the area of Srem, has been recorded in fewer locations in the south of Srem in comparison with the rest of its territory. Taraxacum officinale Web. and Cichorium intybus have spread at a lesser rate, while Sonchus arvensis has spread the least of all the species that are subject to this research.

scholarly journals The weed species composition in a reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) plantation for energy purposes depending on its age

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Tomasz R. Sekutowski ◽  
Bartłomiej Karamon ◽  
Józef Rola ◽  
Henryka Rola
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Plantation Age ◽  
Poa Trivialis ◽  
Canary Grass

The present experiment, carried out in nine production fields of reed canary grass (<em>Phalaris arundinacea</em>) grown for energy purposes, evaluated the effect of plantation age on the occurrence and species composition of weeds. The selected plantations were divided into 3 groups that were conventionally called “young” (1–2 years old), “middle-aged” (3–5 years old), and “older” plantations (6–8 years old). Regardless of plantation age, altogether 43 species were found in the experimental fields. Moreover, 6 species were common for all the plantations and were found in them regardless of plantation age. The least species, only 18, were found on the “young” plantations, almost twice more on the “older” ones (30 species), whereas the largest spectrum of species was found in the “middle-aged” plantations (33 species). In the “young” plantations, annual weeds were the most common, with the highest constancy and coverage index found for <em>Chenopodium album</em>, <em>Matricaria maritima ssp. inodora</em> and <em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em>. The greatest variation in species was found in the “middle-aged” plantations. However, only 4 species achieved the highest constancy and coverage index: <em>Matricaria maritima ssp. inodora</em>, <em>Cirsium arvense, Poa trivialis</em> and <em>Taraxacum officinale</em>. Furthermore, perennial weeds were found to be dominant in the “older” plantations. Within this group, <em>Poa trivialis, Taraxacum officinale, Urtica dioica, Plantago maior</em>, and <em>Cirsium arvense</em> had the highest constancy and coverage index.

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