Design is intelligent behaviour, but what’s the formalism?

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Smithers ◽  
Wade Troxell
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Computational Theory ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Research ◽  
Computational Search

A methodology for studying and understanding the process of design, and ultimately for developing a computational theory of design is presented. In particular, the role of formalization in such an investigation is set out. This is done by first presenting the background to and development ofcomputational searchas a widely adopted problem solving paradigm in artificial intelligence research. It is then suggested why computational search provides an inadequate characterization of the design process and an alternative, that design is an exploration process is proposed. By developing certain ideas first put forward by Simon the authors seek to explain why this view is taken and how it forms a central part of their Artificial Intelligence in Design research programme. It is hoped to (eventually) develop a computational theory of design. The radically incomplete nature of this work necessarily prevents the authors from answering the question posed by the title of the paper but the title does provide a good focus for their efforts.

scholarly journals Application of artificial intelligence in pancreaticobiliary diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 263177452199305
Author(s):  
Hemant Goyal ◽  
Rupinder Mann ◽  
Zainab Gandhi ◽  
Abhilash Perisetti ◽  
Zhongheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Techniques ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Cystic Pancreatic Lesions ◽  
Aided Diagnosis

The role of artificial intelligence and its applications has been increasing at a rapid pace in the field of gastroenterology. The application of artificial intelligence in gastroenterology ranges from colon cancer screening and characterization of dysplastic and neoplastic polyps to the endoscopic ultrasonographic evaluation of pancreatic diseases. Artificial intelligence has been found to be useful in the evaluation and enhancement of the quality measure for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Similarly, artificial intelligence techniques like artificial neural networks and faster region-based convolution network are showing promising results in early and accurate diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and its differentiation from chronic pancreatitis. Other artificial intelligence techniques like radiomics-based computer-aided diagnosis systems could help to differentiate between various types of cystic pancreatic lesions. Artificial intelligence and computer-aided systems also showing promising results in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma and the prediction of choledocholithiasis. In this review, we discuss the role of artificial intelligence in establishing diagnosis, prognosis, predicting response to treatment, and guiding therapeutics in the pancreaticobiliary system.

The Role of Chess in Artificial Intelligence Research

ICGA Journal ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Levinson ◽  
Feng-hsiung Hsu ◽  
Jonathan Schaeffer ◽  
T. Anthony Marsland ◽  
David E. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Research

A review on the role of artificial intelligence in stem cell therapy: An initiative for modern medicines

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravin Shende ◽  
Nikita P. Devlekar
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Individual Cell ◽  
Home Automation ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Prediction Of Mortality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Applications Of Ai

: Stem cells (SCs) show a wide range of applications in the treatment of numerous diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. SC related research has gained popularity owing to the unique characteristics of self-renewal and differentiation. Artificial intelligence (AI), an emerging field of computer science and engineering has shown potential applications in different fields like robotics, agriculture, home automation, healthcare, banking, and transportation since its invention. This review aims to describe the various applications of AI in SC biology including understanding the behavior of SCs, recognizing individual cell type before undergoing differentiation, characterization of SCs using mathematical models and prediction of mortality risk associated with SC transplantation. This review emphasizes the role of neural networks in SC biology and further elucidates the concepts of machine learning and deep learning and their applications in SC research.

Design

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Design Research ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Internal Organization ◽  
General Methodology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Artifact Design

The purpose of this chapter is to explain the meaning of such important concepts as artifact, design, and design-related research. Traditionally, the term “design research” refers to a field of study that aims at providing insights into designing. This chapter presents a general notion of design. It briefly presents the history of studies of design. The term “design” has a number of definitions, some of which are covered in the chapter. It also considers design as viewed from the perspective of problem solving. The notion of an artifact in relation to its environment and internal organization is described. General methodology of design in terms of key stages is briefly discussed. The role of representation in design is emphasized.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence Within the Scope of Digital Transformation in Enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hanefi Calp
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
New Era ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Techniques ◽  
Reasoning Problem ◽  
Analytical Thinking ◽  
Effective Service

Digital transformation, which is the beginning of a new era, and performed in order to provide a more effective service, has become a compulsory situation for the enterprises that take into account the increasing corporate volumes. However, the processes and technologies used in this transformation may change according to the enterprise volume and needs. At this point, activities that implement artificial intelligence technologies will make significant contributions to digital transformation. Artificial intelligence technologies serve many purposes such as search, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, learning, estimating, analytical thinking, optimization, and planning. The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate the effects of artificial intelligence techniques on the processes of digital transformation utilized in enterprises by considering the difficulties experienced in the realization of digital transformation. It is expected that the study will provide a perspective for other studies on digital transformation and thus create an awareness.

scholarly journals The Role of Map Legends in the Process of Map Use. Conclusions from An Exploratory Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Gołębiowska
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Map Reading ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Map Design

Abstract Map and geospatial information is an essential tool in many fields of human activities. Although cartographers were extensively involved in cognitive map design research during the second part of the 20th century, the map use process as well as the significance of individual map design elements have not been studied in sufficient depth. The article discusses the results of a controlled experiment. The exploratory study aimed to simulate the execution of some problem-solving tasks based on the information derived from thematic maps with differently designed legends, viz.: list-legend, grouping-legend and natural-legend. On the basis of think-aloud protocols, it has been confirmed that some differences in map reading depend on the legend used.

If A.I. Only Had a Heart: Why Artificial Intelligence Research Needs to Take Emotions More Seriously

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150012
Author(s):  
Garret Merriam
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Affective Computing ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Real Thing ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Research ◽  
Teaching Machines

Artificial Emotional Intelligence research has focused on emotions in a limited “black box” sense, concerned only with emotions as ‘inputs/outputs’ for the system, disregarding the processes and structures that constitute the emotion itself. We’re teaching machines to act as if they can feel emotions without the capacity to actually feel emotions. Serous moral and social problems will arise if we stick with the black box approach. As A.I.’s become more integrated with our lives, humans will require more than mere emulation of emotion; we’ll need them to have ‘the real thing.’ Moral psychology suggests emotions are necessary for moral reasoning and moral behavior. Socially, the role of ‘affective computing’ foreshadows the intimate ways humans will expect emotional reciprocity from their machines. Three objections are considered and responded to: (1) it’s not possible, (2) not necessary, and (3) too dangerous to give machines genuine emotions.

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