Design

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Design Research ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Internal Organization ◽  
General Methodology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Artifact Design

The purpose of this chapter is to explain the meaning of such important concepts as artifact, design, and design-related research. Traditionally, the term “design research” refers to a field of study that aims at providing insights into designing. This chapter presents a general notion of design. It briefly presents the history of studies of design. The term “design” has a number of definitions, some of which are covered in the chapter. It also considers design as viewed from the perspective of problem solving. The notion of an artifact in relation to its environment and internal organization is described. General methodology of design in terms of key stages is briefly discussed. The role of representation in design is emphasized.

scholarly journals Peran Anamnesis Terhadap Kesembuhan Pasien Cephalgia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bagas Candra Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Related Research ◽  
History Of

This study is a related research on the role of history taking to cure cephalgia patients. This study was conducted with the aim to determine the role of history for the recovery of cephalgia patients, how much influence the history of the cure for cephalgia patients, and the factors that influence the recovery of cephalgia patients. The research method carried out in this study was an interview with a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that the history carried out by doctors is very instrumental in the recovery of cephalgia patients. With history taking, you can find out the things that are being felt by the patient and know the background of the patient. The patient's lifestyle can affect the emergence or loss of an illness.

Lobbying Networks

2019 ◽  
pp. 753-768
Author(s):  
Jennifer Nicoll Victor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
History Of

While lobbyists are colloquially thought of as parasites on US democracy, this article offers the perspective that lobbyists are part of vital connective tissue that facilitates interaction between principal players and institutions of policymaking. After a brief review of the history of lobbying in the United States, the article outlines four paradigmatic lenses through which lobbying has been understood—pluralist, realist, behavioral, and relational. It then makes the case that the relational lens is the most productive means of studying and understanding the role of lobbying in the United States. The article concludes with noting the considerable challenges to this field of study.

scholarly journals The Role of Map Legends in the Process of Map Use. Conclusions from An Exploratory Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Gołębiowska
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Map Reading ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Map Design

Abstract Map and geospatial information is an essential tool in many fields of human activities. Although cartographers were extensively involved in cognitive map design research during the second part of the 20th century, the map use process as well as the significance of individual map design elements have not been studied in sufficient depth. The article discusses the results of a controlled experiment. The exploratory study aimed to simulate the execution of some problem-solving tasks based on the information derived from thematic maps with differently designed legends, viz.: list-legend, grouping-legend and natural-legend. On the basis of think-aloud protocols, it has been confirmed that some differences in map reading depend on the legend used.

scholarly journals Badacz i jego perspektywy interpretacyjne w studiach nad dziejami nauki

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Jaromir Jeszke
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
The Self ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specialist Knowledge ◽  
Self Knowledge

The Researcher and Their Interpretative Perspectives in the Studies on the History of Science A historian (also of medicine) should accept the values and canons of the studied culture, including medical ones, as their own. As Florian Znaniecki pointed out in his works, they should be the researcher’s highest authority. This means that the researcher should deviate from evaluating the ideas and practices of the studied culture from their own perspective. The category of minimal cultural imputation developed by Wojciech Wrzosek shows that it is not an easy process. However, the application of the subjective-rational perspective to the interpretation has already become an obvious approach. An open and much less obvious problem is the role of the historian of science when they venture to make comparisons between past and present scientific cultures. By doing so, do they still remain a historian, or – by undertaking such comparisons and evaluations – do they abandon the role, assuming the position of, for example, methodologist? The author of the article outlines the possibilities of separating these roles, presenting the attitude of a ‘methodologist’ who searches in the past for the roots and theoretical justifications for contemporary paradigms of their discipline, using the latter to evaluate the past. However, the possibility of a non-evaluative dialogue between the cognizing culture and the cognized culture is also shown, where the former also includes the specialist knowledge of a contemporary researcher interested in the past of their discipline. The historiography of a given science appears here as a record of the self-knowledge of a given generation of researchers – as their self-reflection. As Jan Pomorski calls it, a researcher assuming such a role appears as homo metahistoricus in their field of study.

Rustic figuration

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-368
Author(s):  
Ulrika Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Material Concept

The entwined relationships between the physical and the computational continue to produce sensibilities where our understanding of the division between them is becoming blurred. The prolog to Rustic Figurations identifies a growing interest in disciplinary questions on the role of history and the history of digital tools and techniques of representation to support and understand the cultural context of architecture. The second part of the text tries to describe, define and situate rustic figuration as an aesthetic and material concept in architecture that has developed through the architectural design research of the practices servo and Brrum, in parallel with research into the history of rustication.The notion of rustic figuration is imbued with architectural qualities that oscillate between the legibility of form and geometry and the disappearance of that legibility. Aspects of legibility are discussed in relation to related discourses in architectural history, as well as in the context of a few contemporary practices and projects that engage both computational and analogue techniques for design, communication and fabrication. The qualities of rustic figuration in the projects are neither bound by the unique properties of the building materials, nor by the computational information but happen in the translations between digital information and material manifestation or vice versa.

Design is intelligent behaviour, but what’s the formalism?

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Smithers ◽  
Wade Troxell
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Computational Theory ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Research ◽  
Computational Search

A methodology for studying and understanding the process of design, and ultimately for developing a computational theory of design is presented. In particular, the role of formalization in such an investigation is set out. This is done by first presenting the background to and development ofcomputational searchas a widely adopted problem solving paradigm in artificial intelligence research. It is then suggested why computational search provides an inadequate characterization of the design process and an alternative, that design is an exploration process is proposed. By developing certain ideas first put forward by Simon the authors seek to explain why this view is taken and how it forms a central part of their Artificial Intelligence in Design research programme. It is hoped to (eventually) develop a computational theory of design. The radically incomplete nature of this work necessarily prevents the authors from answering the question posed by the title of the paper but the title does provide a good focus for their efforts.

scholarly journals Applying Ibn Khaldun’s Theory Into The Islamic Preaching’s Movement in The Period of Demak Empire: Reflection for the Contemporary Muslim Society

RELIGIA ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
UI Ardaninggar Luhtitianti ◽  
Achmad Zainal Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
History Of

Ashabiyah and Mulk are positioned as a driving force in the big frame of Ibn Khaldun’s theory about the Rise and Fall of Dynasty. Although many studies on Ashabiyah and Mulk have been carried out, there have been very few attempts to apply them into the empirical phenomena in various society. This paper intends to apply Ashabiyah and Mulk’s theory of Ibn Khaldun in the history of the role of saints’ da’wa and their alliances with the rulers in the period of Demak’s Empire. The research was compiled using literature studies, with the main source of Muqaddimah and various related research articles. The analysis results show that Ibn Khaldun’s theory is suitable for explaining the essence of the end of Demak's Empire, namely the weakening of the Ashabiyah. Furthermore, Ashabiyah and Mulk are proven to be still relevant in analyzing the socio-religious phenomenon both in the empirical history and in the contemporary muslim’s society.

The Important Role of Problem Solving Appraisal in Creating a Positive Life Across Cultural Contexts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Paul Heppner ◽  
Dong-Gwi Lee ◽  
Lu Tian
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Aging Well ◽  
History Of

This chapter focuses on how problem solving appraisal has been empirically demonstrated to be an important asset in living and an important component of positive psychology. It begins with a history of applied problem- solving appraisal, followed by how it is measured by the widely used Problem Solving Inventory (PSI). The PSI literature is reviewed, and demonstrates robust empirical evidence for the positive role of problem solving appraisal, linked to numerous indices of psychological adjustment, physical health, coping activities, and career/vocational adjustment. Future research can now more fully integrate problem solving appraisal with other positive psychology constructs, such as resilience, optimism, aging well, hope, and wisdom. Because problem solving appraisal is learned and malleable, this brings positive changes to people’s lives through the integration of problem solving and positive psychology.

scholarly journals Peran Anamnesis Terhadap Kesembuhan Pasien Cephalgia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bagas Candra Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Related Research ◽  
History Of

This study is a related research on the role of history taking to cure cephalgia patients. This study was conducted with the aim to determine the role of history for the recovery of cephalgia patients, how much influence the history of the cure for cephalgia patients, and the factors that influence the recovery of cephalgia patients. The research method carried out in this study was an interview with a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that the history carried out by doctors is very instrumental in the recovery of cephalgia patients. With history taking, you can find out the things that are being felt by the patient and know the background of the patient. The patient's lifestyle can affect the emergence or loss of an illness.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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