scholarly journals Epidemiology and aetiology of acute bronchiolitis in Hong Kong infants

1992 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Y. T. Sung ◽  
R. C. K. Chan ◽  
J. S. Tam ◽  
A. F. B. Cheng ◽  
H. G. S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Average Hospital Stay ◽  
Recurrent Wheezing ◽  
Average Hospital ◽  
Virus Culture ◽  
Syncytial Virus

SUMMARYThe epidemiological, clinical and virological features of 1220 children with acute bronchiolitis admitted to the Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, from 1985 to 1988 are reported. They accounted for 6·6% of total paediatric admissions and provided a case incidence of bronchiolitis requiring admission to hospital of approximately 21 per 1000 children 0–24 months of age.The clinical course and outcome was in general benign. The average hospital stay was 5 days and there were no deaths. Ten per cent of patients were repeatedly admitted to hospital with recurrent wheezing after discharge. Two infants developed bronchiolitis obliterans.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was shown by direct immunofluorescence, virus culture and serology to be the commonest cause of acute bronchiolitis in Hong Kong. Other aetiological agents included parainfluenza and influenza viruses, adenoviruses, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.In contrast to western countries, a seasonal variation of bronchiolitis was found with a peak incidence in the summer months. The significance of these observations is discussed.

scholarly journals Rhinovirus Infection in Children with Acute Bronchiolitis and Its Impact on Recurrent Wheezing and Asthma Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1620
Author(s):  
Carlotta Biagi ◽  
Alessandro Rocca ◽  
Giulia Poletti ◽  
Marianna Fabi ◽  
Marcello Lanari
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Recurrent Wheezing ◽  
Multiple Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Acute bronchiolitis represents the leading cause of hospitalization in infants. Together with a respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus (RV) is one of the most common pathogens associated with bronchiolitis, and its genetic diversity (>150 types) makes the recurrence of RV infections each year quite typical. The frequency of RV infection and co-infection with other viruses and its impact on the clinical course of bronchiolitis have been studied by several authors with controversial results. Some studies demonstrate that multiple virus infections result in more severe clinical presentation and a higher risk of complications, whereas other studies suggest no influence on clinical course. Moreover, RV bronchiolitis has been reported to potentially contribute to the development of long-term sequelae, such as recurrent wheezing and asthma, in the pediatric population. In the present review, we summarize the most recent findings of the role of RV infection in children with acute bronchiolitis, its impact on subsequent asthma development, and the implication in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Clinical course and surgical treatment of paraurethral cysts in women

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Margarita N. Slesarevskaya ◽  
Salman Kh. Al-Shukri ◽  
Arkadiy V. Sokolov ◽  
Igor V. Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Average Hospital Stay ◽  
Average Hospital ◽  
Laser Apparatus

The results of surgical treatment of 59 women (average age 31.9 1.3 years) who underwent laser ablation of paraurethral cysts using the Lakhta-Milon laser apparatus (Russia) (diode laser with a wavelength of 0.97 m) are presented. The postoperative period in all patients proceeded without serious complications. The average hospital stay was 1.7 1.5 days. 4 weeks after surgery, all 59 patients noted improvement such as lack of dysuria, only 10 (16.9%) had minor discharge from the genital tract. 6 weeks after surgery all 59 operated patients had wound epithelization. Conclusion: The treatment of paraurethral cysts should be surgical and as radical as possible. The operation of choice is laser ablation of paraurethral formations.

scholarly journals Lack of association between viral load and severity of acute bronchiolitis in infants

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Duarte de Souza ◽  
Lidiane Alves de Azeredo Leitão ◽  
Fernanda Luisi ◽  
Rodrigo Godinho Souza ◽  
Sandra Eugênia Coutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Prevalent Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the correlation between respiratory syncytial viral load and length of hospitalization in infants with acute wheezing episodes. Methods: This was a two-year, cross-sectional study of infants ≤ 12 months of age with bronchiolitis at the time of admission to a tertiary hospital. For the identification of respiratory viruses, nasopharyngeal secretions were collected. Samples were analyzed (throughout the study period) by direct immunofluorescence and (in the second year of the study) by quantitative real-time PCR. We screened for three human viruses: rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and metapneumovirus. Results: Of 110 samples evaluated by direct immunofluorescence, 56 (50.9%) were positive for a single virus, and 16 (14.5%) were positive for two or more viruses. Among those 72 samples, the most prevalent virus was respiratory syncytial virus, followed by influenza. Of 56 samples evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR, 24 (42.8%) were positive for a single virus, and 1 (1.7%) was positive for two viruses. Among those 25 samples, the most prevalent virus was again respiratory syncytial virus, followed by human rhinovirus. Coinfection did not influence the length of the hospital stay or other outcome s. In addition, there was no association between respiratory syncytial virus load and the length of hospitalization. Conclusions: Neither coinfection nor respiratory syncytial viral load appears to influence the outcomes of acute bronchiolitis in infants.

Spring is coming, where are the Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Influenza viruses?

2021 ◽  
pp. 104824
Author(s):  
Eric Farfour ◽  
Tiffany Pascreau ◽  
Emilie Jolly ◽  
Sara Zia-Chahabi ◽  
Laurence Mazaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Syncytial Virus

scholarly journals Etiology, clinical characteristics and coinfection status of bronchiolitis in Suzhou

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahong Tan ◽  
Jinfeng Wu ◽  
Wujun Jiang ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
Wei Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Mixed Virus Infection

Abstract Background Bronchiolitis is a clinical syndrome commonly encountered in practice, particularly among infants and young children. To investigate the prevalence of pathogens in hospitalized children with bronchiolitis and study the clinical characteristics of bronchiolitis with or without coinfections. Methods We investigated the respiratory specimens and clinical data of 1012 children with bronchiolitis who were treated at the Children’s Hospital of Soochow University between November 2011 and December 2018. The nasopharyngeal aspirates were examined to detect viruses by direct immunofluorescence assay or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) was tested by PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Of the 1134 children less than 2 years with bronchiolitis, 122 were excluded by exclusion criteria. Causative pathogen was detected in 83.2% (842 of 1012). The majority of these (614 [72.9%] of 842) were single virus infection. The most common pathogens detected were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (44.4%), MP (15.6%), and human rhinovirus (HRV) (14.4%). Coinfection was identified in 13.5% (137 of 1012) of the patients. Coinfection included mixed virus infection and virus infection with MP infection. Children with single virus infection had a higher rate of oxygen therapy compared with single MP infection. Conclusions The most common pathogen detected in children with bronchiolitis is RSV, followed by MP and HRV. Coinfection leads to a longer period of illness, increased severity of the symptoms and increased risk of hypoxemia.

scholarly journals Thapsigargin Is a Broad-Spectrum Inhibitor of Major Human Respiratory Viruses: Coronavirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Influenza A Virus

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Sarah Al-Beltagi ◽  
Cristian Alexandru Preda ◽  
Leah V. Goulding ◽  
Joe James ◽  
Juan Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Virus Challenge ◽  
2009 H1n1 ◽  
Syncytial Virus

The long-term control strategy of SARS-CoV-2 and other major respiratory viruses needs to include antivirals to treat acute infections, in addition to the judicious use of effective vaccines. Whilst COVID-19 vaccines are being rolled out for mass vaccination, the modest number of antivirals in use or development for any disease bears testament to the challenges of antiviral development. We recently showed that non-cytotoxic levels of thapsigargin (TG), an inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ ATPase pump, induces a potent host innate immune antiviral response that blocks influenza A virus replication. Here we show that TG is also highly effective in blocking the replication of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), common cold coronavirus OC43, SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus in immortalized or primary human cells. TG’s antiviral performance was significantly better than remdesivir and ribavirin in their respective inhibition of OC43 and RSV. Notably, TG was just as inhibitory to coronaviruses (OC43 and SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses (USSR H1N1 and pdm 2009 H1N1) in separate infections as in co-infections. Post-infection oral gavage of acid-stable TG protected mice against a lethal influenza virus challenge. Together with its ability to inhibit the different viruses before or during active infection, and with an antiviral duration of at least 48 h post-TG exposure, we propose that TG (or its derivatives) is a promising broad-spectrum inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2, OC43, RSV and influenza virus.

scholarly journals The efficacy of live and inactivated vaccines of Hong Kong influenza virus in an industrial community: A report to the Medical Research Council Committee on Influenza and other respiratory virus vaccines

1973 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hobson ◽  
F. A. Baker ◽  
R. L. Curry ◽  
A. S. Beare ◽  
P. M. O. Massey
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Protective Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Community ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines

Intranasal vaccines of inactivated or living attentuated A2/Hong Kong influenza viruses were compared for clinical acceptability, serological effects and protective efficiency against natural epidemic influenza in a large industrial and clerical population.

Clinical course of hospitalised children infected with human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda M Morrow ◽  
Mark Hatherill ◽  
Heidi EM Smuts ◽  
Jane Yeats ◽  
Richard Pitcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Syncytial Virus

scholarly journals Gene Expression of Nucleic Acid-Sensing Pattern Recognition Receptors in Children Hospitalized for Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Acute Bronchiolitis

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Scagnolari ◽  
Fabio Midulla ◽  
Alessandra Pierangeli ◽  
Corrado Moretti ◽  
Enea Bonci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Pattern Recognition Receptors ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACT Given the critical role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in acid nucleic recognition in the initiation of innate immunity and the orchestration of adaptive immunity, the aim of this study was to determine whether any heterogeneity of PRR expression in the airway tracts of infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection might explain the broad clinical spectrum of RSV-associated bronchiolitis in infants. For this purpose, the levels of melanoma differentiation-associated protein-5 (MDA-5), retinoic acid inducible gene-1 (RIG-1), and Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3), TLR-7, TLR-8, and TLR-9 mRNAs were evaluated, using TaqMan quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, in cells from nasopharyngeal washes collected from 157 infants suffering from acute bronchiolitis whether or not they were associated with respiratory viruses. High interindividual variability was observed in both virus-positive and -negative infants; however, the relative gene expression levels of MDA-5, RIG-1, TLR-7, and TLR-8 were significantly higher in the virus-infected group, whereas the expression levels of TLR-3 and TLR-9 were not significantly different. The differences in the gene expression of MDA-5, RIG-1, TLR-7, and TLR-8 were more evident in infants with RSV infection than in those with bocavirus or rhinovirus infection. In RSV-infected infants, PRR-mRNA levels also were analyzed in relation to interferon protein levels, viral load, clinical severity, days of hospitalization, age, and body weight. A significant positive correlation was observed only between RSV viral load and RIG-1 mRNA levels. These findings provide the first direct evidence that, in infants with respiratory virus-associated bronchiolitis, especially RSV, there are substantial changes in PRR gene expression; this likely is an important determinant of the clinical outcome of bronchiolitis.

Singular Neurectomy Update

1982 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Gacek
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Complete Relief ◽  
Average Hospital Stay ◽  
Ablation Procedure ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Average Hospital ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

The results of a poll revealed that 96 singular neurectomies have been performed by ten surgeons in this country. Eighty-eight of these (91.7%) resulted in complete relief of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). In seven patients (7.3%) there was a sensorineural hearing loss as a result of this procedure. The average hospital stay for patients having this procedure ranged from 2–6 days, and the return to work time ranged from 1 to 3 weeks. These results indicate that singular neurectomy is an effective selective vestibular ablation procedure for BPPV and that the risks and disability are comparable to other routine middle ear procedures. The causes for failure of this procedure to relieve positional vertigo are a) misdiagnosis of BPPV and b) failure to recognize the singular nerve in the middle ear. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disorder and of the anatomical variation in the location of the singular canal will reduce these causes of failure.

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