scholarly journals Children at risk of giardiasis in Auckland: a case–control analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 655-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. HOQUE ◽  
V. T. HOPE ◽  
R. SCRAGG ◽  
T. KJELLSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Case Control Analysis

The incidence rate of giardiasis in New Zealand is one of the highest among developed countries, peaking in the 1–4 year age group. A case–control study was undertaken to identify risk factors for giardiasis among Auckland children under 5 years of age. The exposure history of 69 cases and 98 controls were analysed. Ninety-five per cent cases and 86% controls used water from the Auckland Metropolitan mains (AMM) supply for domestic purpose, 44 cases and 42 controls swam and 59 cases and 54 controls wore nappies. Children wearing nappies were at significantly increased risk of the disease (OR=3·0, 95% CI=1·01–8·9), as were those from households which had more than one child wearing a nappy (6·5, 1·8–23·4). The Auckland metropolitan mains water supply was associated with a reduced risk compared to other drinking water sources. Significantly increased risks were also associated with drinking water consumed away from home (4·7, 2·2–10·1), swimming at least once a week (2·4, 1·1–5·3) and travelling domestically (2·5, 1·03–6·0). The study identified vulnerable groups and modifiable risk factors for diarrhoeal diseases, particularly Giardia infection. Nappy wearing was an independent risk factor for infection. Further study is advocated to ensure better protection of public health, especially for children.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Breast Cancer based on Case-Control Study in Women of Child-Bearing Age (WEBA) at Gambiran Hospital Kediri

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-392
Author(s):  
Nurita Nilasari Bunga Kharisma Arifiana Putri ◽  
Eko Sri Wulaningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
History Of

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the breast tissue and spreads throughout the body. Every year more than 185,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer. This incidence is increasing in developed countries (Kemenkes RI, 2015). In Indonesia, a high rate of breast cancer, especially in Kediri, makes breast cancer the number one position of cancer in women, followed by cervical cancer. Based on research by Harrianto et al. at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in the Journal of Public Health 8 (2) (2013) 121-126, breast cancer risk factors include a family history of breast cancer patients (15.79%), early menarche (8.77%), nullipara (7.02 %), and long-term use of pills containing estrogen (42.11%). In addition, there are also incidences of breast cancer, namely late menopause, history of breastfeeding, and obesity. From the description above, the purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the risk factors for breast cancer based on a case-control analysis in women at Gambiran Hospital, Kediri. This study uses data collection sheets and field studies, then processed for hypothesis testing so that the objectives of this research can be carried out. This study indicates a significant relationship between the risk factors for a breast cancer history with a p-value of 0.0000 OR 9.837. For women who have families with cancer should be aware of the onset of breast cancer. If they have reached puberty, it is recommended for early detection (screening test) through breast self-examination (BSE), IVA method, and mammography testing.

A case control analysis investigating risk factors and outcomes for nephrocalcinosis and renal calculi in neonates

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 356.e1-356.e5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Huynh ◽  
Roderick Clark ◽  
Jenny Li ◽  
Guido Filler ◽  
Sumit Dave
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Case Control Analysis

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Precursor Organism Colonization among Patients with Chronic Lower-Extremity Wounds in Southeastern Michigan

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 954-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritish K. Tosh ◽  
Simon Agolory ◽  
Bethany L. Strong ◽  
Kerrie VerLee ◽  
Jennie Finks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Case Control Analysis

Background.Of the 13 US vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) cases, 8 were identified in southeastern Michigan, primarily in patients with chronic lower-extremity wounds. VRSA infections develop when the vanA gene from vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) transfers to S. aureus. Incl8-like plasmids in VRE and pSK41-like plasmids in S. aureus appear to be important precursors to this transfer.Objective.Identify the prevalence of VRSA precursor organisms.Design.Prospective cohort with embedded case-control study.Participants.Southeastern Michigan adults with chronic lower-extremity wounds.Methods.Adults presenting to 3 southeastern Michigan medical centers during the period February 15 through March 4, 2011, with chronic lower-extremity wounds had wound, nares, and perirectal swab specimens cultured for S. aureus and VRE, which were tested for pSK41-like and Incl8-like plasmids by polymerase chain reaction. We interviewed participants and reviewed clinical records. Risk factors for pSK41-positive S. aureus were assessed among all study participants (cohort analysis) and among only S. aureus-colonized participants (case-control analysis).Results.Of 179 participants with wound cultures, 26% were colonized with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, 27% were colonized with methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and 4% were colonized with VRE, although only 17% consented to perirectal culture. Six participants (3%) had pSK41-positive S. aureus, and none had Incl8-positive VRE. Having chronic wounds for over 2 years was associated with pSK41-positive S. aureus colonization in both analyses.Conclusions.Colonization with VRSA precursor organisms was rare. Having long-standing chronic wounds was a risk factor for pSK41-positive S. aureus colonization. Additional investigation into the prevalence of VRSA precursors among a larger cohort of patients is warranted.

scholarly journals Case-control Analysis ofClostridium difficile—Associated Diarrhea on a Gynecologic Oncology Service

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Waggoner ◽  
James Barter ◽  
Gregorio Delgado ◽  
Willard Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Kansas City ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Gynecologic Oncology ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Ofclostridium Difficile ◽  
History Of ◽  
Case Control Analysis

Objective:The incidence, morbidity, and risk factors associated withClostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) were studied in a group of gynecologic oncology patients.Methods:A case-control analysis of gynecologic oncology patients with CDAD was carried out from August 1986 through January 1989 in a university medical center.Results:One hundred twenty-three stool samples were tested forC. difficileusing the CDT latex agglutination test (Marion Diagnostics, Kansas City, MO). Thirty episodes of CDAD developed in 23 patients. From August 1986 through July 1988, the incidence was stable at 1.5 episodes/100 admissions. From August 1988 through January 1989, the incidence increased to 9.9 episodes/100 admissions (P= 0.005). Compared with patients with nonspecific antibiotic-associated diarrhea, the study patients were hospitalized longer prior to the development of symptoms (mean 15.2 vs. 9.2 days,P= 0.006) and were admitted more frequently with diarrhea (37% vs. 11%,P= 0.015). The rates of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy were similar. Fever (57% vs. 14%,P< 0.001), abdominal pain (40% vs. 6%,P< 0.001), bloody stools (27% vs. 3%,P= 0.006), and leukocytosis (64% vs. 26%,P= 0.011) were more common among the study cases. The duration, indication, and number of antibiotics administered were similar, though once started, the mean time to symptoms was longer in the study cases (13.7 vs. 6.1 days,P= 0.004). Seven relapses, 1 death, and 1 unplanned colostomy occurred among women with CDAD.Conclusions: C. difficileis a serious cause of nosocomial morbidity in gynecologic oncology patients. Diarrhea developing after antibiotic exposure is more likely to be associated withC. difficilein patients whose symptoms develop several days after completing antibiotics and in patients with a history of CDAD.

A Case–Control Analysis of Risk Factors in HIV Transmission in South India

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soshamma George ◽  
Mary Jacob ◽  
T. Jacob John ◽  
Manoj K. Jain ◽  
Nawab Nathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South India ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Case Control Analysis

Outcome of Pregnancy in Italian Patients with Primary Sjögren Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1143-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Priori ◽  
Angelica Gattamelata ◽  
Mariagrazia Modesti ◽  
Serena Colafrancesco ◽  
Silvia Frisenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control ◽  
Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Primary Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Multicenter Cohort ◽  
Cesarean Births ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Case Control Analysis

Objective.To investigate pregnancy and fetal outcomes in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS).Methods.An obstetric history of 36 women with established diagnosis of pSS at pregnancy was obtained from a multicenter cohort of 1075 patients. In a subgroup case-control analysis, 12 deliveries in patients with pSS were compared with 96 control deliveries.Results.Thirty-six women (31 with anti-SSA/Ro and/or anti-SSB/La antibodies) with an established diagnosis of pSS had 45 pregnancies with the delivery of 40 newborns. Two miscarriages, 2 fetal deaths, and 1 induced abortion were recorded. Mean age at the first pregnancy was 33.9 years; mean number of pregnancies was 1.25; 18/40 (45%) cesarean births were delivered; mean pregnancy length was 38.5 weeks (range 32–43), with 6 preterm deliveries. The mean Apgar score at 5 min was 8.9, mean birthweight was 2920 g (range 826–4060 g). Congenital heart block (CHB) occurred in 2/40 (5%) newborns. The reported rate of breastfeeding for at least 1 month was 60.5%. In 4/40 pregnancies (10%) a flare of disease activity was observed within a year from delivery. In the case-control subgroup analysis, 12 deliveries were compared with 96 controls and no significant differences were found.Conclusion.Patients with pSS can have successful pregnancies, which might be followed by a mild relapse. CHB was the only cause of death for offspring of mothers with pSS.

scholarly journals Lymphoma in patients treated with anti-TNF: results of the 3-year prospective French RATIO registry

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Mariette ◽  
F Tubach ◽  
H Bagheri ◽  
M Bardet ◽  
J M Berthelot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Case Control Analysis

Objective:To describe cases of lymphoma associated with anti-TNF therapy, identify risk factors, estimate the incidence and compare the risks for different anti-TNF agents.Methods:A national prospective registry was designed (Research Axed on Tolerance of bIOtherapies; RATIO) to collect all cases of lymphoma in French patients receiving anti-TNF therapy from 2004 to 2006, whatever the indication. A case–control analysis was conducted including two controls treated with anti-TNF per case and an incidence study of lymphoma with the French population was used as the reference.Results:38 cases of lymphoma, 31 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) (26 B cell and five T cell), five Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) and two Hodgkin’s-like lymphoma were collected. Epstein–Barr virus was detected in both of two Hodgkin’s-like lymphoma, three of five HL and one NHL. Patients receiving adalimumab or infliximab had a higher risk than those treated with etanercept: standardised incidence ratio (SIR) 4.1 (2.3–7.1) and 3.6 (2.3–5.6) versus 0.9 (0.4–1.8). The exposure to adalimumab or infliximab versus etanercept was an independent risk factor for lymphoma in the case–control study: odds ratio 4.7 (1.3–17.7) and 4.1 (1.4–12.5), respectively. The sex and age-adjusted incidence rate of lymphoma was 42.1 per 100 000 patient-years. The SIR was 2.4 (95% CI 1.7 to 3.2).Conclusion:The two to threefold increased risk of lymphoma in patients receiving anti-TNF therapy is similar to that expected for such patients with severe inflammatory diseases. Some lymphomas associated with immunosuppression may occur, and the risk of lymphoma is higher with monoclonal-antibody therapy than with soluble-receptor therapy.

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