Case-control study on Puumala virus infection: smoking is a risk factor

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. VAPALAHTI ◽  
A.-M. VIRTALA ◽  
A. VAHERI ◽  
O. VAPALAHTI
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Bank Voles ◽  
Puumala Virus Infection ◽  
Means Of Transmission ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Population Controls ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYPuumala hantavirus (PUUV) is apparently transmitted to humans by inhalation of aerosolized secretions of carrier rodents (bank voles). The means of transmission and the associated risk factors are poorly defined. An epidemiological study during the peak of an epidemic season in Finland was conducted based on 282 acute clinical PUUV infections and 204 controls without PUUV infection or immunity. The main risk factors adjusted by age, sex and living environment were cigarette smoking [odds ratio (OR) 3·6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·1–5·9,P<0·0001] and buildings with holes allowing rodents to enter (OR 3·3, 95% CI 2·0–5·6); these results were similar in two subsets. Further, use of rodent traps (OR3·5, 95% CI 2·2–5·7) and handling firewood (OR 2·7, 95% CI 1·6–4·4) were associated with a risk. The risk attributed to smoking also remained high using simulated population controls with average smoking habits. The results suggest that hantavirus transmission occurs by inhalation mainly indoors and is dependent on the condition of the respiratory tract.

Malnutrition Concerning Geriatric Depression and Associated Risk Factors: A Community-based Case-control Study in Rural Elderly of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Ziaul Islam ◽  
Tasnim Disu ◽  
Shatmin Farjana ◽  
Mohammad Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Rural Elderly ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Malnutrition and depression are highly prevalent in the elderly and can lead to disparaging outcomes. Analytical studies on malnutrition concerning geriatric depression (GD) are very scarce in Bangladesh, although the size of the elderly population is increasing fast in the country. The current study aimed to assess the association between malnutrition and depression and associated risk factors in the rural elderly.Methods: A case-control study was conducted in 600 elderly residents (aged ≥60 years) of three rural communities of Bangladesh from January to October 2019. Three hundred depressed elderly people were enrolled as cases and 300 non-depressed elderly individuals were included as community controls by matching the age and living area of the cases. We used a semi-structured questionnaire based on the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 and the Bangla version of Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Short Form to collect data through face-to-face interviews. Measures included baseline and personal characteristics, malnutrition, GD, and associated risk factors. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify variables associated with the risk of GD.Results: The study found no significant difference in gender (male Vs. female) between cases (44.0% Vs. 56.0%) and controls (46.0% Vs. 54.0%). The study revealed that malnutrition was significantly (p<0.01) higher in cases (56.0%) than in controls (18.0%). The malnourished elderly had around three times AOR=3.155; 95% CI: 1.53-6.49, p=0.002) more (risk of having depression than the controls. The unemployed elderly (AOR=4.964; 95% CI: 2.361-10.440; p=0.0001) and the elderly of the lower and middle class (AOR=3.654; 95% CI: 2.266-7.767; p=0.001) were more likely to experience depression. The elderly having a poor diet were more likely to experience depression (AOR=3.384; 95% CI: 1.764-6.703; p=0.0001). The single elderly (AOR=2.368; 95% CI: 1.762-6.524; p=0.001) and the elderly tobacco users (AOR=2.332; 95% CI: 1.663-5.623; p=0.003) were more likely to experience depression.Conclusions: A significant association between malnutrition and depression is evident in the rural elderly individuals of Bangladesh. It will be a prolific initiative if policymakers merge malnutrition and the risk factors associated with geriatric depression in the provision of universal health care for better health and well-being of the rural elderly populations.

Risk factors in lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow): a case-control study

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Titchener ◽  
A. Fakis ◽  
A. A. Tambe ◽  
C. Smith ◽  
R. B. Hubbard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Tennis Elbow ◽  
Lateral Epicondylitis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study

Lateral epicondylitis is a common condition, but relatively little is known about its aetiology and associated risk factors. We have undertaken a large case-control study using The Health Improvement Network database to assess and quantify the relative contributions of some constitutional and environmental risk factors for lateral epicondylitis in the community. Our dataset included 4998 patients with lateral epicondylitis who were individually matched with a single control by age, sex, and general practice. The median age at diagnosis was 49 (interquartile range 42–56) years . Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors associated with lateral epicondylitis were rotator cuff pathology (OR 4.95), De Quervain’s disease (OR 2.48), carpal tunnel syndrome (OR 1.50), oral corticosteroid therapy (OR 1.68), and previous smoking history (OR 1.20). Diabetes mellitus, current smoking, trigger finger, rheumatoid arthritis, alcohol intake, and obesity were not found to be associated with lateral epicondylitis.

Psoriasis in France and Associated Risk Factors: Results of a Case-Control Study Based on a Large Community Survey

Dermatology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 218 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Wolkenstein ◽  
J. Revuz ◽  
J.C. Roujeau ◽  
G. Bonnelye ◽  
J.J. Grob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Large Community ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals 1396. Risk Factors for Brain Abscess: A Nationwide Population-based Nested Case–Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S507-S508
Author(s):  
Jacob Bodilsen ◽  
Michael Dalager-Pedersen ◽  
Diederik van de Beek ◽  
Matthijs C Brouwer ◽  
Henrik Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Population Attributable Fractions ◽  
Attributable Fractions ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Population Controls ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Knowledge of risk factors for brain abscess is limited and relies on single-center cohorts without control groups. Methods We accessed nationwide medical registries to conduct a population-based nested case–control study of risk factors for brain abscess. We applied risk set sampling for selection of population controls (1:10) individually matched by age, sex, and area of residence. Conditional logistic regression was used to compute adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Next, population attributable fractions were calculated. Results We identified 1,384 brain abscess patients in Denmark from 1982 through 2016 and 13,839 matched population controls. The median age was 50 years (interquartile range 33–63) and 37% were female. Cases often had a Charlson comorbidity score>2 (16%) compared with controls (3%). Adjusted ORs were: head trauma 2.15 (1.72–2.70), neurosurgery 19.3 (14.3–26.0), dental infection 4.61 (3.39–6.26) or surgery 2.57 (1.71–3.84), ear-nose-throat infection 3.81 (3.11–4.67) or surgery 2.85 (2.21–3.70), congenital heart disease 15.6 (9.57–25.4), diabetes mellitus 1.74 (1.33–2.29), alcohol abuse 2.22 (1.58–3.11), liver disease 2.37 (1.53–3.68), kidney disease 2.04 (1.30–3.20), and lung abscess or bronchiectasis 8.15 (3.59–18.5). The aORs were 4.12 (3.37–5.04) and 8.77 (5.66–13.6) for solid and hematological cancer, 12.0 (6.13–23.7) for HIV, and 5.71 (4.22–7.75) for immuno-modulating treatments. Risks were twice as high when risk factors were observed within 5 years before brain abscess. Population attributable fractions showed that neurosurgery (12%), solid cancer (11%), ear-nose-throat infections (7%) and immuno-modulating treatments (5%) were substantial contributors to occurrence of brain abscess. Conclusion Important risk factors included neurosurgery, cancer, ear-nose-throat infections and immuno-modulating treatments Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Lifestyle-Associated Risk Factors for Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carriage in the Netherlands: An Exploratory Hospital-Based Case-Control Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. e65594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda M. L. van Rijen ◽  
Marjolein F. Q. Kluytmans-van den Bergh ◽  
Erwin J. M. Verkade ◽  
Peter B. G. ten Ham ◽  
Beth J. Feingold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study
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