Changes in the intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis B virus after introduction of a hepatitis B vaccination programme in Korea

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (8) ◽  
pp. 1090-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. JEONG ◽  
H. W. YIM ◽  
S. H. YOON ◽  
Y. M. JEE ◽  
S. H. BAE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Intrafamilial Transmission ◽  
Hbsag Positivity ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
B Virus

SUMMARYHepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are endemic in Korea. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of HBsAg positivity in Korea and to evaluate the changes in intrafamilial transmission after introduction of HBV vaccination in 1983. This study was based on the 2001 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 2512 study subjects, aged 10–29 years, were selected from across Korea using a stratified multi-stage probability sampling design. To identify the changes in intrafamilial transmission after the introduction of the HBV vaccination programme, 1850 subjects with parental serological markers were selected. These subjects were then grouped into two birth cohorts (cohort 1: born before 1983; cohort 2: born after 1983). Appropriate sampling weights were used for all analyses. The weighted age-specific prevalence of HBsAg was 4·9% in participants in their 20s and 1·9% in adolescents; the combined weighted prevalence was 3·2%. Of subjects with HBsAg positivity in either parent, 17·5% were HBsAg-seropositive. Of subjects with two HBsAg-negative parents, 1·5% were HBsAg-seropositive. The HBsAg positivity rate of offspring with HBsAg-positive mothers was higher than those with HBsAg-positive fathers (27·3% vs. 4·8%, P<0·001). The weighted HBsAg positivity rate of offspring with HBsAg-negative mothers was 2·3% for cohort 1 and 0·4% for cohort 2 (P<0·01), and for those offspring with HBsAg-positive mothers it was also significantly decreased compared to cohorts 1 and 2 (40·2% vs. 16·4%, P<0·01). However, the weighted HBsAg positivity rate of offspring with HBsAg-positive mothers was still high. Our results showed that introduction of HBV vaccination has resulted in a decline in the overall HBsAg positivity rate and a reduction in intrafamilial transmission in Korea, but further preventive measures for maternal intrafamilial transmission are needed.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A and hepatitis B virus in Luxembourg

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 808-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MOSSONG ◽  
L. PUTZ ◽  
S. PATINY ◽  
F. SCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Impact

A prospective seroepidemiological survey was carried out in Luxembourg in 2000–2001 to determine the antibody status of the Luxembourg population against hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). One of the objectives of this survey was to assess the impact of the hepatitis B vaccination programme, which started in May 1996 and included a catch-up campaign for all adolescents aged 12–15 years. Venous blood from 2679 individuals was screened for the presence of antibodies to HAV antigen and antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) using an enzyme immunoassay. Samples positive for anti-HBs were tested for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) using a chemiluminiscent microparticle immunoassay to distinguish between individuals with past exposure to vaccine or natural infection. The estimated age-standardized anti-HAV seroprevalence was 42·0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 39·8–44·1] in the population >4 years of age. Seroprevalence was age-dependent and highest in adult immigrants from Portugal and the former Yugoslavia. The age-standardized prevalence of anti-HBs and anti-HBc was estimated at 19·7% (95% CI 18·1–21·3) and 3·16% (95% CI 2·2–4·1) respectively. Anti-HBs seroprevalence exceeding 50% was found in the cohorts targeted by the routine hepatitis B vaccination programme, which started in 1996. Our study illustrates that most young people in Luxembourg are susceptible to HAV infection and that the hepatitis B vaccination programme is having a substantial impact on population immunity in children and teenagers.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and carriage after nineteen years of vaccination program in the Western Brazilian Amazon

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wornei Silva Miranda Braga ◽  
Márcia da Costa Castilho ◽  
Fabiane Giovanella Borges ◽  
Ana Cristina de Souza Martinho ◽  
Ivo Seixas Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
B Virus

INTRODUCTION: Reductions in the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and carriage, decreases in liver cancer incidence, and changes in patterns of liver dysfunctions are described after hepatitis B vaccination. METHODS: We conducted a population-based seroprevalence study aimed at estimating the HBV prevalence and risk of infection in the rural area of Lábrea following nineteen years of HBV vaccination. RESULTS: Half of the subjects showed total anti-HBc of 52.1% (95% CI 49.6-54.7). The HBsAg prevalence was 6.2% (95% CI 5.1-7.6). Multivariate analysis showed an inverse association between HBV infection and vaccination (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.44-0.87). HBsAg remained independently associated with past hepatitis (OR 2.44; 95% CI 1.52-3.89) and inversely to vaccination (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.27-0.69). The prevalence of HBeAg among HBsAg-positive individuals was 20.4% (95% CI 12.8-30.1), with the positive subjects having a median age of 11 years (1-46) p=0.0003. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that HBV infection is still an important public health issue and that HBV vaccination could have had better impact on HBV epidemiology. If we extrapolate these findings to other rural areas in the Brazilian Amazon, we can predict that the sources of chronic infected patients remain a challenge. Future studies are needed regarding clinical aspects, molecular epidemiology, surveillance of acute cases, and risk groups.

Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis B virus infection in Saudi children 8 years after a mass hepatitis B vaccination programme

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faleh Z. AI-Faleh ◽  
Mohammad AI-Jeffri ◽  
Sami Ramia ◽  
Rashed AI-Rashed ◽  
Mohammad Arif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Awareness of Hepatitis B Vaccination in Rural Area: A Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Kamrun Nahar Sweety ◽  
Shamim Akther Mimi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Almost All

Background: The awareness regarding Hepatitis B vaccination is necessary in the general population of Bangladesh.Objective: This study was carried out to determine the level of knowledge and the vaccination coverage of hepatitis B virus in rural population.Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at Bangladesh Institute of Administration and Management (BIAM), Dhaka, Bangladesh from February 2011 to April 2011. Sirajdikhan upazila of Munshiganj District was taken as a study place. All the villagers with an age group of 15 to 55 years were taken as study population. Result: A total number of 30 respondents were recruited of which male (60.0%) is predominant than female (40.0%). The mean age with SD was 23±7.256 years (range 15-53 years). Majority has told about the knowledge regarding the sequel of hepatitis B virus infection (33.3%). Almost all respondents (96.7%) are unknown about the treatment of HBV infection. Majority (76.7%) are unknown regarding taking HBV vaccination. Nobody has given positive answer in response to take vaccine. Conclusion: In conclusion information and knowledge regarding HBV infection and vaccination is very poor in the rural area of Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jcamr.v1i1.19558J Curr Adv Med Res 2014;1(1):3-7

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus in Taiwan 30 years after the commencement of the national vaccination program

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-Cheng Hu ◽  
Chih-Ching Yeh ◽  
Ruey-Yu Chen ◽  
Chien-Tien Su ◽  
Wen-Chang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Hbsag Positivity ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

BackgroundIn this study, the long-term efficacy of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination was assessed using seroprevalence and an age–period–cohort (APC) model of HBV seromarkers among university entrants 30 years after the introduction of the national neonatal HBV vaccination program in Taiwan.MethodsIn total, data of 17,611 university entrants who underwent university entrance health examinations between 2005 and 2016 were included. The seroprevalence of the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and the levels of the antibody against the HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs) in each year group and sex were calculated. The levels of the antibody against the HBV core antigen were examined only for 2012 and 2016. The APC model was used to analyze the HBV carrier rates.ResultsThe chronic HBV infection (HBsAg positivity) rate decreased from 9.7% in university students born before June 1974 to <1.0% in students born after 1992. The prevalence of anti-HBs positivity declined, particularly between the 1984–1988 cohort (78.2%–53.2%) and the 1990–1994 cohort (60.6%–44.4%). Our APC model revealed that the chronic HBV carrier rate among the student population was affected significantly by age, period, and cohort (P < 0.001).ConclusionsHBV vaccination is one of the most effective strategies for preventing HBV infection. However, for complete eradication of HBV infection, the development of strategies that detect vaccination failure more effectively than current strategies do and early implementation of appropriate treatments are both necessary.

Immunologic Response to Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Thai Adults without Hepatitis B Virus Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1828-1835
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Background: It is currently recommended that hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine be provided for every HIV-infected patient with no HBV immunity. HBV immunization program for HIV-infected patients was suggested to be given in three doses of vaccine at zero, one and six months. HBV vaccine has been included in the Thai immunization program for newborns for three doses, at birth, M2, and M6. Hence, one dose of vaccination might respond in complete protective immunity in some of the HIV patients. Objective: To evaluate HIV-infected patients’ response to one dose of vaccine and their associated factors. Materials and Methods: The present study was a Retrospective Cohort Study. It recruited patients who had come to Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital for their hepatitis B vaccination between January 1, 2018 and March 31, 2020. Eligible patients were infected with HIV, received ART, and had CD4 of more than 200 cells/mm³. The authors collected data from the patients having anti-HBs of less than 10 mIU/mL with negative anti-HBc who received HBV vaccine. From the medical records, the authors evaluated their anti-HBs titer after the first dose of vaccination, and the titer after a third dose, in cases the result of the first dose was negative. Results: Of the 88 HIV-infected patients who received HBV vaccination, 19 patients (21.6%) showed protective anti-HBs after the first dose of vaccination. Factors associated with the presence of anti-HBs after the first dose included age as the patients of 29 years or older had protective anti-HBs of 15% and the patients younger than 29 years old had protective anti-HBs of 43% (p=0.013), and anti-HBs titer before the vaccination as the patients with titer of less than 2 mIU/mL had protective anti-HBs of 17% and the patients with titer of 2 to less than 10 mIU/mL had protective anti-HBs of 44% (p=0.038). Conclusion: Some HIV-infected patients have developed protective anti-HBs after the first dose of HBV vaccination especially the younger age of less than 29 years old and with an anti-HBs titer before vaccination of 2 mlU/mL or above. Almost half of them required only one HBV booster to achieve protective anti-HBs. Keywords: Vaccine; Hepatitis B; HIV; Vaccination; Immunity

Epidemiological changes in hepatitis B prevalence in an entire population after 20 years of the universal HBV vaccination programme

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (8) ◽  
pp. 1159-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. SHEN ◽  
Y. ZHANG ◽  
F. WANG ◽  
S. ZHANG ◽  
J. Y. YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Prevalence ◽  
Hbsag Prevalence ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Prevalence ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Epidemiological Changes

SUMMARYA universal hepatitis B vaccination programme has been conducted in Long An county since 1986. To investigate the epidemiological changes in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection we conducted a serosurvey there in 2005. A total of 4686 subjects were enrolled and vaccination history and blood samples collected. HBV infective markers were determined by radioimmunoassay. The results were compared with the data of 1985. Our results show that the overall HBsAg prevalence was 7·5%, less than half of the prevalence reported in 1985. HBsAg and anti-HBc antibody prevalence in people born after 1985 decreased markedly. The gender difference in HBsAg prevalence was abolished in subjects aged <20 years. The administration of a first dose of vaccine within 24 h could reduce the HBsAg prevalence by half. In conclusion, the marked epidemiological changes in HBV prevalence found in this serosurvey indicate that the implementation of HBV vaccination was highly successful.

scholarly journals Strategies to Inhibit Hepatitis B Virus at the Transcript Level

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1327
Author(s):  
Bingqian Qu ◽  
Richard J. P. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Viral Gene Transcription ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
B Virus

Approximately 240 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), despite four decades of effective HBV vaccination. During chronic infection, HBV forms two distinct templates responsible for viral transcription: (1) episomal covalently closed circular (ccc)DNA and (2) host genome-integrated viral templates. Multiple ubiquitous and liver-specific transcription factors are recruited onto these templates and modulate viral gene transcription. This review details the latest developments in antivirals that inhibit HBV gene transcription or destabilize viral transcripts. Notably, nuclear receptor agonists exhibit potent inhibition of viral gene transcription from cccDNA. Small molecule inhibitors repress HBV X protein-mediated transcription from cccDNA, while small interfering RNAs and single-stranded oligonucleotides result in transcript degradation from both cccDNA and integrated templates. These antivirals mediate their effects by reducing viral transcripts abundance, some leading to a loss of surface antigen expression, and they can potentially be added to the arsenal of drugs with demonstrable anti-HBV activity. Thus, these candidates deserve special attention for future repurposing or further development as anti-HBV therapeutics.

scholarly journals Coverage with Timely Administered Vaccination against Hepatitis B Virus and Its Influence on the Prevalence of HBV Infection in the Regions of Different Endemicity

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Karen K. Kyuregyan ◽  
Vera S. Kichatova ◽  
Olga V. Isaeva ◽  
Ilya A. Potemkin ◽  
Elena Yu. Malinnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Belgorod Oblast ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
B Virus

Universal hepatitis B vaccination of newborns was implemented in Russia starting from 1998. From 1998 to 2019, the incidence of acute hepatitis B reduced from 43.8 to 0.57 cases per 100,000 population. Here, we assessed the timely coverage of newborns with the birth dose (HepB-BD), second dose (HepB-2nd), and three vaccine doses (HepB3) in two remote regions of Russia with low (Belgorod Oblast) and high (Yakutia) levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemicity. Vaccination data were obtained from the medical records of 1000 children in Yakutia and 2182 children in Belgorod Oblast. Sera of healthy volunteers from Belgorod Oblast (n = 1754) and Yakutia (n = 1072) across all age groups were tested for serological markers of HBV to assess the infection prevalence and herd immunity. Average HepB-BD coverage was 99.2% in Yakutia and 89.4% in Belgorod Oblast (p < 0.0001) and in both regions varied significantly, from 66% to 100%, between medical centers. The principal reason for the absence of HepB-BD was parent refusal, which accounted for 63.5% of cases of non-vaccination (83/123). While timely HepB-2nd coverage was only 55.4%–64.7%: HepB3 coverage by the age of one year exceeded 90% in both study regions. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence in the 1998–2019 birth cohort was 0.2% (95% CI: 0.01–1.3%) in Belgorod Oblast and 3.2% (95% CI: 1.9–5.2%) in Yakutia. The proportion of persons testing negative for both antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and antibodies to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc) in the 1998–2019 birth cohort was 26.2% (125/481) in Belgorod Oblast and 32.3% (162/501) in Yakutia. We also assessed the knowledge of and attitude towards vaccination among 782 students and teachers of both medical and non-medical specialties from Belgorod State University. Only 60% of medical students knew that hepatitis B is a vaccine-preventable disease. Both medical and nonmedical students, 37.8% and 31.3%, respectively, expressed concerns about safety and actual necessity of vaccination. These data indicate the need to introduce a vaccine delivery audit system, improve medical education with respect to vaccination strategies and policies, and reinforce public knowledge on the benefits of vaccination.

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