Nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 862-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. NADERI ◽  
M. R. SARVGHAD ◽  
A. BOJDY ◽  
M. R. HADIZADEH ◽  
R. SADEGHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Nosocomial Outbreak ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Polymerase Chain

SUMMARYWe report a nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) that affected six patients in June 2009 in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, apparently related to one index case. The last four cases were healthcare workers. Infection was spread by percutaneous exposure to two cases, and probably by direct contact with blood, clothes and sheets, to three others. The diagnosis in the two fatal cases was not confirmed virologically. The diagnosis in four cases who survived was confirmed by specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The patients were treated with ribavirin. In endemic areas, every patient presenting with a febrile haemorrhagic syndrome should be considered to have a viral haemorrhagic fever until proven otherwise. Patients who meet the criteria for probable CCHF should be admitted to hospital and treated with ribavirin. Appropriate isolation precautions should be immediately initiated.

scholarly journals Experimental infection of ostriches with Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus

1998 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. SWANEPOEL ◽  
P. A. LEMAN ◽  
F. J. BURT ◽  
J. JARDINE ◽  
D. J. VERWOERD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Infective Virus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Nucleic Acid ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Following the occurrence of an outbreak of Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) among workers at an ostrich abattoir in South Africa in 1996, 9 susceptible young ostriches were infected subcutaneously with the virus in order to study the nature of the infection which they undergo. The ostriches developed viraemia which was demonstrable on days 1–4 following infection, with a maximum intensity of 4·0 log10 mouse intracerebral LD50/ml being recorded on day 2 in 1 of the birds. Virus was detectable in visceral organs such as spleen, liver and kidney up to day 5 post-inoculation, 1 day after it could no longer be found in blood. No infective virus was detected in samples of muscle, but viral nucleic acid was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in muscle from a bird sacrificed on day 3 following infection. It was concluded that the occurrence of infection in ostriches at abattoirs could be prevented by keeping the birds free of ticks for 14 days before slaughter.

scholarly journals An outbreak of viral gastroenteritis following environmental contamination at a concert hall

2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. EVANS ◽  
R. MELDRUM ◽  
W. LANE ◽  
D. GARDNER ◽  
C. D. RIBEIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Concert Hall ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Disinfection Procedure ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In January 1999, an outbreak of viral gastroenteritis affected more than 300 people who attended a metropolitan concert hall over a 5-day period. Norwalk-like virus (NLV) was confirmed in faecal samples by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. The index case was a concert attendee who vomited in the auditorium and adjacent male toilet. Gastrointestinal illness occurred among members of 8/15 school parties who attended the following day. Children who sat on the same level of the auditorium as the index case were much more likely to be ill than those seated elsewhere (relative risk 7.1, 95% confidence interval 5.4–9.2, P<0.001). The majority of other reported cases had not been present on the evening of the vomiting incident. Disinfection procedure was poor and the disinfectant used contained no sodium hypochlorite. Transmission most likely occurred through direct contact with contaminated fomites. The outbreak has implications for disinfection procedures following vomiting incidents at public venues.

scholarly journals Pet rat harbouring Seoul hantavirus in Sweden, June 2013

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Å Lundkvist ◽  
J Verner-Carlsson ◽  
A Plyusnina ◽  
L Forslund ◽  
R Feinstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Focus Reduction

We report the first detection of Seoul hantavirus (SEOV) in a pet rat in Sweden. SEOV-specific antibodies were detected in the pet rat blood by focus reduction neutralising test (FRNT), and SEOV RNA in lung tissue was confirmed by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by sequencing. The discovery follows the recent reports of SEOV infected pet rats, as well as associated human cases of severe haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), in England and Wales.

scholarly journals Aerosol-generating procedures in thoracic surgery in the COVID-19 era in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 495-499
Author(s):  
Narasimman Sathiamurthy ◽  
Narendran Balasubbiah ◽  
Benedict Dharmaraj
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Thoracic Surgery ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Method ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background The Covid-19 pandemic has caused changes in the surgical treatment of non-Covid patients, especially in thoracic surgery because most procedures are aerosol generating. Hospital Kuala Lumpur, where thoracic procedures are performed, was badly affected. We describe our experience in performing aerosol generating procedures safely in thoracic surgery during the Covid-19 era. Methods Medical records of patients who underwent thoracic surgery from March 18, 2020 to May 17, 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. All patients undergoing thoracic surgery were tested for Covid-19 using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method. Patients with malignancy were observed for 10 to 14 days in the ward after testing negative. The healthcare workers donned personal protective equipment for all the cases, and the number of healthcare workers in the operating room was limited to the minimum required. Results A total of 44 procedures were performed in 26 thoracic surgeries. All of these procedures were classified as aerosol generating, and the mean duration of the surgery was 130 ± 43 minutes. None of the healthcare workers involved in the surgery were exposed or infected by Covid-19. Conclusion Covid-19 will be a threat for a long time and thoracic surgeons must continue to provide their services, despite having to deal with aerosol generating procedures, in the new normal. Covid-19 testing of all surgical candidates, using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, donning full personal protective equipment for healthcare workers, and carefully planned procedures are among the measures suggested to prevent unnecessary Covid-19 exposure in thoracic surgery.

scholarly journals Antibodies to SARS-CoV2 detectable for less than 50 days in polymerase chain reaction confirmed COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3378
Author(s):  
Nishant Kumar ◽  
Shibal Bhartiya ◽  
Tarundeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Roche Diagnostics ◽  
Pcr Test

Background: A seroprevalence study for COVID-19 antibodies was conducted amongst health workers in Mumbai, India, in June 2020.Methods: Healthcare workers (n=801) underwent a cross sectional survey through electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Roche diagnostics’ Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay, Roche diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland).Results: Of the 801 healthcare workers, 62 who had been previously diagnosed with a real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) proven SARS-CoV-2 infection, 45 (73.6%) were found to be seronegative during the study. The duration between the positive RT-PCR test and the serological testing ranged from 15 to 49 days for 34 (54.8%), and was >50 days in 28 subjects. Up to 28 days after a positive PCR test, 90% of the subjects were found to be seropositive, but this reduced to less than half over the next two weeks (38.5% between 29 and 42 days).Conclusions: Our findings are in agreement with previous reports that demonstrate a peak antibody formation after 3 weeks, and also an early antibody decay that is almost exponential. This may also have a significant effect on the protection vaccines are able to provide considering that a natural infection has such a transient antibody response. 

scholarly journals The indirect effect of mRNA-based Covid-19 vaccination on unvaccinated household members

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussipekka Salo ◽  
Milla Hagg ◽  
Mika Kortelainen ◽  
Tuija Leino ◽  
Tanja Saxell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
National Databases ◽  
Full Population

Abstract: This paper studies the direct and indirect effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccines among vaccinated healthcare workers and their unvaccinated adult household members in a mass vaccine program in Finland. Methods: We used national databases that record all polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and mRNA-based (BNT162b2 by Pfizer-BioNTech or mRNA-1273 by Moderna) vaccine doses administered in Finland since the beginning of the epidemic. These data were merged with administrative full population datasets that include information on each person's occupation and unique identifiers for spouses living in the same household. To estimate the direct and indirect effectiveness of mRNA-based vaccines in a household setting, we compared the cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections between vaccinated and unvaccinated healthcare workers as well as between their unvaccinated spouses. Findings: Our estimates imply indirect effectiveness of 8.7% (95% CI: -28.9 to 35.4) two weeks and 42.9% (95% CI: 22.3 to 58.1) 10 weeks after the first dose. The effectiveness estimates for unvaccinated household members are substantial, but smaller than the direct effect and occur more gradually among unvaccinated household members than among vaccinated individuals. Interpretation: Our results suggest that mRNA-based vaccines do not only prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections among vaccinated individuals but lead to a substantial reduction in infections among unvaccinated household members. The results are consistent with the notion that mRNA-based vaccines affect susceptibility in vaccinated individuals and prevent transmission from vaccinated to unvaccinated individuals.

scholarly journals Pet rats as a source of hantavirus in England and Wales, 2013

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
L J Jameson ◽  
S K Taori ◽  
B Atkinson ◽  
P Levick ◽  
C A Featherstone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Wild Rats ◽  
Polymerase Chain

We report the detection of a strain of Seoul hantavirus (SEOV) in pet rats in England and Wales. The discovery followed an investigation of a case of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Wales. Hantavirus RNA was detected via real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and classic RT-PCR in pet rats belonging to the patient. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the virus to be a SEOV that is similar, but not identical, to a previously reported United Kingdom strain from wild rats.

scholarly journals Possible re-infection of SARS-CoV-2 complicated by dengue virus co-infection: report of a rare case from Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-106
Author(s):  
Miah Wahiduzzaman ◽  
Muhammad Abdur Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Mild Form ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Re-infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and co-infection by dengue virus and SARS-CoV-2 are possible. We report a case of dengue haemorrhagic fever, occurring in a young Bangladeshi man, who concurrently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Four months previously, he suffered a mild form of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This case is reported to make the physicians aware that, co-infections are possible in this COVID-19 pandemic, specially in dengue endemic regions and countries like Bangladesh. Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 105-106

Monitoring Rotavirus Environmental Contamination in a Pediatric Unit Using Polymerase Chain Reaction

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 432-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Soule ◽  
Odile Genoulaz ◽  
Bénédicte Gratacap-Cavallier ◽  
Marie Reine Mallaret ◽  
Patrice Morand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Rotavirus environmental contamination in a pediatric unit was investigated. Surfaces were swabbed, then viruses eluted, ultracentrifuged, and detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Of 55 samples, 25 (46%) tested positive. Rotavirus RNA was more prevalent on surfaces in direct contact with children (thermometers and play mats) than on other environmental surfaces (washbasins, door handles, etc). PCR has proved useful for monitoring rotavirus environmental contamination.

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