An evaluation of SaTScan for the prospective detection of space-timeCampylobacterclusters in the North East of England

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
pp. 2354-2364 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. HUGHES ◽  
R. GORTON
Keyword(s):  
Detection Method ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Cluster Detection ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Circular Window ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance ◽  
Sporadic Cases

SUMMARYCampylobacteriosis is the commonest cause of bacterial enteritis in England yet the epidemiology of apparently sporadic cases is not well understood. Here we evaluated the feasibility of applying a space-time cluster detection method to routine laboratory surveillance data in the North East of England by simulating prospective weekly space-time cluster detection using SaTScan as if it had been performed for 2008–2011. From the 209 simulated weekly runs using a circular window, 20 distinct clusters were found which contained a median of 30 cases (interquartile range 15–66) from a median population of ∼134 000 persons. This corresponds to detection of a new cluster every 10 weeks. We found significant differences in age, sex and deprivation score distributions between areas within clusters compared to those without. The results of this study suggest that space-time detection ofCampylobacterclusters could be used to find groups of cases amenable to epidemiological investigation.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Neisseria meningitidis C strains causing two clusters in the north of Italy in 2007 and 2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Fazio ◽  
A Neri ◽  
T Sofia ◽  
A Carannante ◽  
M G Caporali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
The North ◽  
Surveillance Report ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeats

Two clusters of invasive meningococcal disease in the north of Italy both due to serogroup C/ST-11 clonal complex are here described. The objective of the investigation was to analyse the phenotype and the genotype of meningococci involved in the two clusters which were of national relevance due to the fatal outcome of the majority of cases (six of the total of 10 cases). All the strains were C:2a:P1.5 ST-11/ET-37 clonal complex. Two pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) profiles were identified, one for each cluster. VNTRs were different from those detected in Italy for C/ST-11 strains isolated from sporadic cases in the same period. This laboratory surveillance report highlights the importance and the crucial role of molecular characterisation to confirm the relatedness among meningococci responsible for clusters of cases.

scholarly journals Comparing Automated Cluster Detection Methods for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE): Rule-Based Versus Statistical

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s27-s27
Author(s):  
Rany Octaria ◽  
Hannah Griffith ◽  
Matthew Estes ◽  
Caleb Wiedeman ◽  
Allison Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Cluster Detection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Onset Date ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Zip Code

Background: The Tennessee (TN) Department of Health (TDH) has been identifying clusters of reportable conditions using the Electronic Surveillance System for Early Notification of Community-Based Epidemics (ESSENCE), a cluster detection method using space-time scan permutation statistics based on patient ZIP code. CRE are reportable in Tennessee; isolate submission is required for carbapenemase (CP) production and resistance mechanism (eg, KPC gene) testing. The Council for Outbreak Response: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) and Antimicrobial-Resistant (AR) Pathogens (CORHA) released proposed thresholds of reporting CRE to public health. Thresholds vary by healthcare facility type and regional epidemiology. The TDH HAI/AR program currently runs a daily automated SAS code using the CORHA reporting threshold to help public health identify suspect KPC clusters. We evaluated our rule-based CORHA method against 2 space-time statistic-based methods for KPC cluster detection in Tennessee. Methods: Simulations for each cluster detection method were performed using retrospective CP-CRE surveillance data for 2018. Simulations were conducted using (1) CORHA reporting thresholds by facility case count to flag clusters of 2 or more cases within 28 days, (2) ESSENCE using patient residence ZIP code and the earliest of collection date or symptom onset date as is used for other reportable conditions in Tennessee, and (3) a modified space-time statistical method using SaTScan in which reporting facility, rather than a geographic location, was used as space variable to detect within-facility clusters within 1–28 days. We compared the number and overlap of cases and clusters identified with each method. Univariate logistic regression with CORHA flagging as predictor and flagging by each ESSENCE or CORHA method as outcome variables, were used to compare cases tagged by each method pair, respectively. Results: Of 183 KPC CP-CRE cases, 54 (30.6%) were flagged as part of suspect clusters by at least 1 method. Simulations generated 16 alerts (36 cases) using CORHA, 10 clusters (25 cases) using modified SaTScan, and 10 clusters (20 cases) using standard ESSENCE protocol. Among KPC CP-CRE cases flagged by CORHA, 12 (33.3%) were also flagged by modified SaTScan and 2 (5%) by ESSENCE. A case flagged using CORHA method has 5.15 (95% CI, 2.10–12.64) times higher odds of also being flagged by the modified SaTScan method compared to cases not flagged by CORHA. Conclusions: An algorithm based on CORHA thresholds for reporting CRE to public health had strong agreement with modified SaTScan, a space-time method. We intend to explore the extension of the time interval for ESSENCE.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

Ras al Khaimah: further archaeological discoveries

Antiquity ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (200) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Beatrice De Cardi
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
The State ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Ras a1 Khaimah is the most northerly of the seven states comprising the United Arab Emirates and its Ruler, H. H. Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammad al-Qasimi, is keenly interested in the history of the state and its people. Survey carried out there jointly with Dr D. B. Doe in 1968 had focused attention on the site of JuIfar which lies just north of the present town of Ras a1 Khaimah (de Cardi, 1971, 230-2). Julfar was in existence in Abbasid times and its importance as an entrep6t during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries-the Portuguese Period-is reflected by the quantity and variety of imported wares to be found among the ruins of the city. Most of the sites discovered during the survey dated from that period but a group of cairns near Ghalilah and some long gabled graves in the Shimal area to the north-east of the date-groves behind Ras a1 Khaimah (map, FIG. I) clearly represented a more distant past.

Lichens in the North-East regions of Cyprus

1999 ◽  
Vol 110 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Güvenç ◽  
Ş Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
North East ◽  
The North

TBE in Italy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Tagliapietra ◽  
Flavia Riccardo ◽  
Giovanni Rezza
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
East Part ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Low Incidence

Italy is considered a low incidence country for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Europe. Areas at higher risk for TBE in Italy are geographically clustered in the forested and mountainous regions and provinces in the north east part of the country, as suggested by TBE case series published over the last decade.

TBE in Italy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
National Level ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Low Incidence

Italy is considered a low-incidence country for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Europe.1 Areas at higher risk for TBE in Italy are geographically clustered in the forested and mountainous regions and provinces in the north east part of the country, as suggested by TBE case series published over the last decade.2-5 A national enhanced surveillance system for TBE has been established since 2017.6 Before this, information on the occurrence of TBE cases at the national level in Italy was lacking. Both incidence rates and the geographical distribution of the disease were mostly inferred from endemic areas where surveillance was already in place, ad hoc studies and international literature.1

The influence of submesoscale eddies on hydrochemical parameters and structural and functional characteristics of phytoplankton in the north-eastern part of the Black Sea

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Sergey B. Kuklev ◽  
Vladimir A. Silkin ◽  
Valeriy K. Chasovnikov ◽  
Andrey G. Zatsepin ◽  
Larisa A. Pautova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticyclonic Eddy ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Hydrochemical Parameters ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Seasonal Thermocline ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The City ◽  
North Eastern Part

On June 7, 2018, a sub-mesoscale anticyclonic eddy induced by the wind (north-east) was registered on the shelf in the area of the city of Gelendzhik. With the help of field multidisciplinary expedition ship surveys, it was shown that this eddy exists in the layer above the seasonal thermocline. At the periphery of the eddy weak variability of hydrochemical parameters and quantitative indicators of phytoplankton were recorded. The result of the formation of such eddy structure was a shift in the structure of phytoplankton – the annual observed coccolithophores bloom was not registered.

Engineering-Geological Studies Of The Territory, Soils Of Foundation And Foundations Of The Architectural Monument Of The "Melnikov’s House" In Moscow

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Keyword(s):  
Working Condition ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Architectural Monument ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Zone Of Influence ◽  
Complex Engineering ◽  
Building Engineering

On the basis of engineering and design surveys of the building, engineering-geological and geophysical studies of the soils of the territory conducted by the article authors, as well as with due regard for the results of studies conducted on this territory by other authors, the features of the foundations, soils of their foundation and engineering-geological conditions of the territory of the Melnikov House are established. It is shown that the Melnikov house is located under complex engineering-geological conditions on the territory of high geological risk, in the zone of influence of tectonic disturbance. To the North of the area there is a zone of intersection of the observed disturbance with a larger disturbance that can have an impact on geological processes. To the North-East of the site of the Melnikov House, a sharp immersion of the roof of carbon deposits was revealed. It promotes groundwater seepage into limestone of the carbonate strata from overlying water-bearing sands and activation of processes of suffusion removal and sinkhole phenomena of the soil. The surveyed area is assessed as potentially karst-hazardous and adjacent to it from the North-East territory as karst-dangerous. In this regard any construction on the adjacent territory can provoke activation of sinkhole phenomena on the surface. The foundations of the building are basically in working condition. Existing defects can be eliminated during repair. The foundation soils mainly have sufficient bearing capacity. Areas of the base with bulk soil can be reinforced. However, when developing a project for the reconstruction of the building and its territory, it should be taken into account that the design of the Melnikov House does not provide for its operation on the loads at the formation of sinkholes.

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