scholarly journals Proper pertussis vaccination will probably not increase vaccination coverage: a case–control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Solano ◽  
A. V. Sanchez-Callejas ◽  
M. I. Alvarez-Ibañez ◽  
M. Sandiumenge-Durán ◽  
M. I. Fernández-San-Martín
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Booster Immunisation ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Vaccination coverage (VC) against pertussis can increase when management practices and policies at primary care centres (PCCs) are reinforced. From 2011 to 2015, we performed a case–control study to evaluate VC among pertussis patients treated at PCCs in Barcelona, Spain. We recorded pertussis in patients from 8- to 16-year-olds at 52 PCCs. Pertussis cases had laboratory diagnostic and controls were healthy outpatients visiting the same facility for reasons other than cough. DTaP/dTap VC was recorded as either proper vaccination status (five doses recorded) or improper vaccination status (<5 doses recorded). We used a logistic regression model to estimate OR and 95% CI. We included 229 cases and 576 controls. VC was higher in cases (mean 5.01, s.e.: 0.57) than in controls (4.89, s.e.: 0.73). Around 69% of the cases had received DTaP primary immunisation after 2–5 years and 31.4% of cases had the dTap booster immunisation after 7–10 years. The 87% of children 5–9 years were properly vaccinated. We found no protection from becoming ill among properly vaccinated children (OR 1.87; 95% CI 1.22–2.85). The highest VC was observed in patients with confirmed pertussis, which was likely due to a more exhaustive follow-up of the VC in these patients. Being properly vaccinated against pertussis will probably not increase VC.

scholarly journals Determinants of short birth interval among women in South Gondar, Ethiopia: community-based unmatched case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gedefaye Nibret Mihretie ◽  
Fentahun Yenealem Beyene ◽  
Bekalu Getnet Kassa ◽  
Alemu Degu Ayele ◽  
Tewachew Muche Liyeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Birth Spacing ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Short Birth Interval ◽  
South Gondar ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The effect of short birth interval on socio-economic, negative maternal and child health outcomes remains common in developing countries. This study aimed to assess determinants of short birth interval among reproductive age women, who gave birth in health institution for last six-month in South Gondar, Ethiopia 2019. Methods Community-based unmatched case control study design was conducted from February 1 to March 30, 2019. Sample size of 150 was included by simple random sampling technique. The data was collected by semi-structured and pre-tested face to face interviewer-administered questionnaire from selected respondent. The collected data was entered with Epi-Data version 3.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 23 software. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were used to examine the association. Odds ratio, 95% CI and P-value < 0.05 were used to determine the statistical association. Result The mean age of the respondents was 32.42 (SD ± 5.14) and 35.12 (SD ± 5.86) for cases and controls, respectively. Mothers not used contraceptives (AOR = 6.29, 95% CI (1.95, 20.24)), participants who had ≤2 alive children (AOR = 5.57, 95% CI (1.47, 21.13)), mothers who breast fed less than 24 months (AOR = 3.42, 95% CI (1.38, 8.46)), husband decision on contraceptives utilization (AOR = 2.69,95% CI (1.05,6.88)) and mothers who did not have history of antenatal care follow up (AOR = 3.52, 95% CI (1.27, 9.75)) were associated with short birth interval. Conclusion The optimum birth spacing plays a vital role in decreasing fertility and the morbidity and mortality of mothers and children. Thus, providing health information on the benefit of breast feeding, follow-up of antenatal care during pregnancy, use of contraceptives after delivery and encouraging mothers to make decisions about their own health and use of contraceptives to optimize birth spacing for rural communities.

scholarly journals Relation of severe COVID-19 to polypharmacy and prescribing of psychotropic drugs: the REACT-SCOT case-control study

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. McKeigue ◽  
◽  
Sharon Kennedy ◽  
Amanda Weir ◽  
Jen Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to investigate the relation of severe COVID-19 to prior drug prescribing. Methods Severe cases were defined by entry to critical care or fatal outcome. For this matched case-control study (REACT-SCOT), all 4251 cases of severe COVID-19 in Scotland since the start of the epidemic were matched for age, sex and primary care practice to 36,738 controls from the population register. Records were linked to hospital discharges since June 2015 and dispensed prescriptions issued in primary care during the last 240 days. Results Severe COVID-19 was strongly associated with the number of non-cardiovascular drug classes dispensed. This association was strongest in those not resident in a care home, in whom the rate ratio (95% CI) associated with dispensing of 12 or more drug classes versus none was 10.8 (8.8, 13.3), and in those without any of the conditions designated as conferring increased risk of COVID-19. Of 17 drug classes postulated at the start of the epidemic to be “medications compromising COVID”, all were associated with increased risk of severe COVID-19 and these associations were present in those without any of the designated risk conditions. The fraction of cases in the population attributable to exposure to these drug classes was 38%. The largest effect was for antipsychotic agents: rate ratio 4.18 (3.42, 5.11). Other drug classes with large effects included proton pump inhibitors (rate ratio 2.20 (1.72, 2.83) for = 2 defined daily doses/day), opioids (3.66 (2.68, 5.01) for = 50 mg morphine equivalent/day) and gabapentinoids. These associations persisted after adjusting for covariates and were stronger with recent than with non-recent exposure. Conclusions Severe COVID-19 is associated with polypharmacy and with drugs that cause sedation, respiratory depression, or dyskinesia; have anticholinergic effects; or affect the gastrointestinal system. These associations are not easily explained by co-morbidity. Measures to reduce the burden of mortality and morbidity from COVID-19 should include reinforcing existing guidance on reducing overprescribing of these drug classes and limiting inappropriate polypharmacy. Registration ENCEPP number https://EUPAS35558

scholarly journals Laminoplasty with selective fusion at unstable segment versus laminectomy with fusion for multilevel cervical myelopathy: a case‐control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Du ◽  
Yanzheng Gao ◽  
Changqing Zhao ◽  
Tangjun Zhou ◽  
Haijun Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Axial Symptom ◽  
Segmental Instability ◽  
Neurologic Status ◽  
Multilevel Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Segmental cervical instability is a risk factor for the progression of osteophytic bone spurs and development of myelopathy, and is treated as a relative contraindication of cervical laminoplasty. The aim of this study was to compare laminoplasty with selective fixation (LPSF) versus laminectomy with fusion (LCF) in patients with multilevel cervical myelopathy accompanied by segmental instability. Methods A case-control study was conducted by reviewing data from 63 patients who underwent LPSF (n = 30) or LCF (n = 33). Cervical alignment, range of motion (ROM), neurologic status and axial symptom severity pre-operation, 3-days after operation, and at the final follow-up (minimum 24 months) were measured and compared between groups. Results Postoperation, patients in the LPSF group lost 31.1 ± 17.3 % of cervical lordosis and 43.2 ± 10.9 % cervical ROM while patients in the LCF group lost 5.7 ± 8.2 % and 67.9 ± 15.5 %, respectively. Both LPSF and LCF groups significantly improved neurologic status and axial symptom severity at the final follow-up with similar between-group results(P > 0.05). Blood loss, operation time, hospital stay, and medical cost in the LPSF group were significantly less than in the LCF group(P < 0.05). Conclusions In 2 years of clinical observation, LPSF was effective in maintaining the stability of the cervical spine with less sacrifice of mobility and surgical trauma for multilevel myelopathy with segmental instability compared to LCF.

Gastric cellular turnover and the development of atrophy after 31 years of follow-up: a case-control study

1999 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 2109-2114 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Moss ◽  
J. Valle ◽  
A. M. Abdalla ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
M. Siurala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cellular Turnover ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Risk of prostate cancer associated with benign prostate disease: a primary care case–control study

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (592) ◽  
pp. e684-e691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S Buckley ◽  
Marie Carmela M Lapitan ◽  
Colin R Simpson ◽  
Aziz Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Prostate Disease ◽  
Benign Prostate ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals IL-10 Promoter Genetic Polymorphisms and Risk of Kawasaki Disease in Taiwan

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Sheng Hsieh ◽  
Tsung-Jen Lai ◽  
Yu-Tung Hwang ◽  
Ming-Wei Lin ◽  
Ken-Pen Weng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Control Study

Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common cause of pediatric acquired heart disease. KD patients have spontaneously high plasma/serum levels of IL-10 during the acute phase. Therefore, two independent studies were carried out to investigate the association between genetic variants in IL-10 promoter (−1082, −819, and −592) and risk of KD. A total of 134 trios were included for the family-based association study. A significantly preferential transmission of the C allele at loci −819 T > C and −592 A > C for KD cases was observed (Ppermutation= 0.029 and Ppermutation= 0.034, respectively). There was a significant increase in the transmission of haplotype CC (p= 0.016) at the above two loci (OR, 1.632; 95% CI, 1.090–2.443; Ppermutation= 0.019). We also carried out a follow-up case-control study that included 146 KD cases and 315 unrelated healthy children. {The haplotype CC (−819, −592) showed an increased risk of KD (but statistically non-significant; OR, 1.332; 95% CI, 0.987–1.797;p= 0.061). In diplotype analysis, a trend was found between number of CC haplotype and risk of KD (but non-significant,p= 0.061). In conclusion, CC genotype and CC/CC diplotype at IL-10-819T > C and −592A > C were significantly associated with risk of KD in case-parent trio study, which were replicated partially in our follow-up case-control study.

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