Extension particles, etc.

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Universal Quantifier ◽  
Existential Quantifier ◽  
Discourse Functions ◽  
Age Grading ◽  
Occurrence Patterns ◽  
Good Number

ABSTRACTThe study of the 2700 occurrences of phrase-terminal extension particles (e.g., tout ça ‘all that’, des affaires de même ‘things like that’) in two large corpora of Montréal French reveals that they are typically formed of some combination of a quantifier, a generic and a comparative, and that the particle is optionally prefaced by a connector (the conjunctions puis, et ‘and’, ou ‘or’). The 76 particle types (not counting minor variations) also include a good number of fixed forms (e.g., et cetera) often having an onomatopoeic aspect (e.g., patati patata). Extension particles can be characterized through prosodic, syntactic, and semantic criteria. The analysis bears on the sociodemographic conditioning of overall rates of particle use; of choices within the quantifier, generic, and comparative categories; and of preference for each of four major classes of particle: those containing a universal quantifier, those containing an existential quantifier, those consisting of just a generic and a comparative, and fixed forms. The discourse insertion of the four classes is also analyzed in terms of connector, type of discourse transition, the complexity of the term(s) semantically “extended” by the particle, and the discourse genre. The clearest result pertaining to overall rates of use is an age-grading effect, whereby speakers use fewer particles as they grow older. Within the components, women use more quantifiers than men, and both generics and comparatives are sharply stratified by social class and age. The reconstituted particles tend to favor certain co-occurrence patterns and avoid others more than could be predicted from the component distributions, consistent with a stylistic concord effect. As for the four classes of particle, it is the presence and nature of the connector that have the strongest effects, where puis contrasts with both ou and the null connector, while the complexity of the extended term distinguishes among the classes both by virtue of the number of terms and their syntactic complexity. As is predictable from functional considerations the sociodemographic factors do not contrast the two semantically most distinct classes, involving universal versus existential quantifiers. The linguistic validity of the four classes is confirmed by the fact that their quantitative conditioning is not predictable from the strong sociodemographic conditioning of their component elements, but rather reflects their differential suitability for various discourse functions.

Arithmetic definability by formulas with two quantifiers

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Shih Ping Tung
Keyword(s):  
Algebraic Number ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Algebraic Integer ◽  
Number Fields ◽  
Universal Quantifier ◽  
Existential Quantifier ◽  
Algebraic Number Fields ◽  
Integer Rings

AbstractWe give necessary conditions for a set to be definable by a formula with a universal quantifier and an existential quantifier over algebraic integer rings or algebraic number fields. From these necessary conditions we obtain some undefinability results. For example, N is not definable by such a formula over Z. This extends a previous result of R. M. Robinson.

scholarly journals Levels of Physical Activity in the Adult Population of La Guajira, Colombia: A Focus on Ethnicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaina Panciera-di-Zoppola ◽  
Juan Niño-Restrepo ◽  
José Melo-Freile ◽  
Rocío Ortiz-Moncada
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Probability Of Compliance ◽  
Activity Recommendations

The objective of this study is to analyze the physical activity levels among the ethnic groups in La Guajira, Colombia, according to the different ethnic groups and their sociodemographic factors. With regards to ethnic groups, two groups were studied, ethnic (Indigenous and Afro-Colombian) and non-ethnic (White or Mestizo). In order to obtain the relevant data a non-probability sample of 251 people of ≥18 years of age were asked to complete the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). In this analysis, physical activity (METs.min−1) levels were considered as the dependent variable, while the independent variables were linked to the sociodemographic factors: sex, age, social class, civil status, educational level, and municipality of residence. The individuals were then categorized based on their physical activity levels and their compliance with the World Health Organization's (WHO) physical activity recommendations. Next, using the sociodemographic variables, regression models were made to determine the likelihood of the participants meeting these physical activity targets; these models found that 78.1% of the studied participants met the targets. According to the results of the bivariate analysis, participants of ≥47 years of age, and those with only a primary education presented a lower probability of complying with the physical activity recommendations, while those who lived in large municipalities (Riohacha) displayed a larger probability of compliance [OR = 2.16; 95% CI: (1.18–3.96)]. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis showed that Indigenous and Afro-Colombian people in a low social class are more likely to comply with the physical activity recommendations [ORad = 4.88; 95% CI: (1.31–18.1)], while residing in a smaller municipality (Manaure) is associated with a lower probability of compliance [ORad = 0.39; 95% CI: (0.16–0.91)]. In addition, the educated participants were shown to be active and to comply with the physical activity recommendations is to a high degree, even when compared with national and global results. In the ethnic group however, low social class stood out as the sociodemographic factor most associated with high physical activity, while Afro-Colombians were shown to be more active than the Indigenous people. The results of this study offer evidence that can either form a base for future research.

Disjunction in Kannada and Korean

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 197-218
Author(s):  
Youngjun Jang
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Universal Quantifier ◽  
Existential Quantifier ◽  
Question Formation ◽  
Syntactic Properties

Abstract. This paper compares disjunction in Kannada and Korean and examines the morpho-syntactic properties of it in these languages, focusing on Kannada -oo/illa and Korean -na. Kannada and Korean are genealogically unrelated, but share SOV word order. It is thus expected that the disjunction head follow its complement. Indeed, Kannada -oo and Korean -na follow their comple-ments. What is truly intriguing is that it shows surprisingly parallel properties. For example, Kan-nada -oo and Korean -na not only yield disjunction but also invoke indirect question interpretation. That is, both of them are used as a disjunctive conjunct as well as a question marker. In this paper, we examine the parallels and differences between the disjunction in these languages and show that the conjunctive and disjunctive reading is expressed in different modes. Under the present analysis, we can readily explain the indirect question formation, wh-scope marking, and the dummy wh-phrases in the oo-complementation. We also show that the existential quantifier interpretation of wh-indefinites plus -oo can be accounted for, assuming -oo to be a wh-question marker. Unlike what Amritavalli (2003) predicts, wh-indefinites plus disjunctive morpheme yields universal quantifier interpretations in languages like English, Japanese, and Korean.

scholarly journals Kwantyfikacyjne i egzystencjalne wykładniki afirmacji na przykładzie języka serbskiego

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 103-119
Author(s):  
Marcin Grygiel
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Universal Quantifier ◽  
Existential Quantifier ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Metaphorical Extension ◽  
Logical Rules

Quantifiers and existentials as markers of affirmation in SerbianIn the paper I argue that quantifiers understood as numerical language expressions and the verb ‘to be’ are used to express and intensify affirmation in Serbian and other Slavic languages. I focus on two types of quantifiers: the universal quantifier, represented in Serbian by the lexeme svi and its derivatives, and the existential quantifier associated with the numeral jedan and the verb ‘to be’. Both types of quantifiers in analyzed contexts acquire secondary functions of affirmation markers. However, the scope of this type of affirmation marking is quite limited as very often the same words may be used in negative contexts. As a consequence, it is impossible to describe this function referring to any strict logical rules, but it is better to regard it as a metaphorical extension. Thus, the use of universal quantifier as a marker or intensifier of affirmation is believed to be best described as being based on the conceptual metaphor AFFIRMATION IS COMPLETENESS and the intensification of affirmation in the case of existential quantifier and the verb ‘to be’ relies on the metaphor AFFIRMATION IS EXISTENCE.

scholarly journals Properties of power series of analytic in a bidisc functions of bounded $\mathbf{L}$-index in joint variables

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Bandura ◽  
N.V. Petrechko
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Function ◽  
Power Series ◽  
Series Expansion ◽  
Analytic Functions ◽  
Homogeneous Polynomial ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Power Series Expansion ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Universal Quantifier ◽  
Existential Quantifier

We generalized some criteria of boundedness of $\mathbf{L}$-index in joint variables for analytic in a bidisc functions, where $\mathbf{L}(z)=(l_1(z_1,z_2),$ $l_{2}(z_1,z_2)),$ $l_j:\mathbb{D}^2\to \mathbb{R}_+$ is a continuous function, $j\in\{1,2\},$ $\mathbb{D}^2$ is a bidisc $\{(z_1,z_2)\in\mathbb{C}^2: |z_1|<1,|z_2|<1\}.$ The propositions describe a behaviour of power series expansion on a skeleton of a bidisc. We estimated power series expansion by a dominating homogeneous polynomial with the degree that does not exceed some number depending only from radii of bidisc. Replacing universal quantifier by existential quantifier for radii of bidisc, we also proved sufficient conditions of boundedness of $\mathbf{L}$-index in joint variables for analytic functions which are weaker than necessary conditions.

scholarly journals Lifetime changes in vocal syntactic complexity of rock hyrax males are determined by social class

2019 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlad Demartsev ◽  
Arik Kershenbaum ◽  
Amiyaal Ilany ◽  
Adi Barocas ◽  
Yishai Weissman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Rock Hyrax

On the Interval Generalized Coupled Matrix Equations

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 695-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Dehghani-Madiseh
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Technique ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Algebraic Approach ◽  
Real Interval ◽  
Matrix Equations ◽  
Universal Quantifier ◽  
Existential Quantifier ◽  
Solution Sets ◽  
Interval Matrices

In this work, the interval generalized coupled matrix equations \begin{equation*} \sum_{j=1}^{p}{{\bf{A}}_{ij}X_{j}}+\sum_{k=1}^{q}{Y_{k}{\bf{B}}_{ik}}={\bf{C}}_{i}, \qquad i=1,\ldots,p+q, \end{equation*} are studied in which ${\bf{A}}_{ij}$, ${\bf{B}}_{ik}$ and ${\bf{C}}_{i}$ are known real interval matrices, while $X_{j}$ and $Y_{k}$ are the unknown matrices for $j=1,\ldots,p$, $k=1,\ldots,q$ and $i=1,\ldots,p+q$. This paper discusses the so-called AE-solution sets for this system. In these types of solution sets, the elements of the involved interval matrices are quantified and all occurrences of the universal quantifier $\forall$ (if any) precede the occurrences of the existential quantifier $\exists$. The AE-solution sets are characterized and some sufficient conditions under which these types of solution sets are bounded are given. Also some approaches are proposed which include a numerical technique and an algebraic approach for enclosing some types of the AE-solution sets.

scholarly journals Maternal smoking and breastfeeding

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-456
Author(s):  
F. Najdawi ◽  
M. Faouri
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors

A 2-month study was undertaken to investigate the effects of maternal smoking on breastfeeding. A total of 500 mothers were interviewed twice postpartum and information about maternal smoking and sociodemographic factors was collected. After adjustment for maternal smoking and other confounders, results suggested that smoking had a direct effect on breastfeeding. The prevalence of breastfeeding reduced significantly among smokers but there was no significant reduction among non-smokers. Education and social class were related positively to continued breastfeeding but negatively to smoking. Because breastfeeding decreased with smoking, smoking should be discouraged, particularly in developing countries where breastfeeding constitutes an essential child survival measure

Eliciting Verbs From Children With Specific Language Impairment

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Frome Loeb ◽  
Clifton Pye ◽  
Sean Redmond ◽  
Lori Zobel Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Lexical Skills

The focus of assessment and intervention is often aimed at increasing the lexical skills of young children with language impairment. Frequently, the use of nouns is the center of the lexical assessment. As a result, the production of verbs is not fully evaluated or integrated into treatment in a way that accounts for their semantic and syntactic complexity. This paper presents a probe for eliciting verbs from children, describes its effectiveness, and discusses the utility of and problems associated with developing such a probe.

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