The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene and child's sex moderate the relationship between disaster-related prenatal maternal stress and autism spectrum disorder traits: The QF2011 Queensland flood study

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 1395-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Laplante ◽  
Gabrielle Simcock ◽  
Lei Cao-Lei ◽  
Maya Mouallem ◽  
Guillaume Elgbeili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Maternal Stress ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Prenatal Maternal Stress ◽  
Peritraumatic Dissociation ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter has been shown to play a role in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Moreover, disaster-related prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) has also been shown to be associated with ASD. However, no study to date has examined whether these two factors, either individually or in combination, are predictive of ASD traits in the same sample. We hypothesized that children, particularly boys, with the LL genotype exposed to high levels of disaster-related PNMS would exhibit higher levels of ASD traits compared to boys with the LS or SS genotypes and girls regardless of genotype. Genotype and ASD levels obtained using the Australian normed Autism Spectrum Rating Scales – Short Form were available for 105 30-month-old children exposed to varying levels of PNMS following the 2011 Queensland Flood. For boys, higher ASD traits were associated with the 5-HTTLPR LL genotype in combination with either a negative maternal appraisal of the flood, or high levels of maternal composite subjective stress, PSTD-like or peritraumatic dissociation symptoms. For girls, maternal peritraumatic dissociation levels in combination with the 5-HTTLPR LS or SS genotype were associated with higher ASD traits. The present findings are the first to demonstrate that children’s genotype moderates effects of disaster-related PNMS on ASD traits, with different pattern according to child sex.

scholarly journals Sensory Overresponsivity, Loneliness, and Anxiety in Taiwanese Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Cing Syu ◽  
Ling-Yi Lin
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Adults With Asd ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose. Sensory overresponsiveness is highly prevalent in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and typically persist into adulthood. However, the role of sensory processing difficulties in influencing emotional well-being among adults with ASD remains unclear. Additionally, the associations between sensory overresponsiveness, anxiety, and loneliness are yet to be examined among adults with ASD. Therefore, to address these critical gaps in the literature, we aimed to investigate the relationships among sensory avoiding, anxiety, and loneliness in a sample of adults with ASD. Participants. Seventy adults (age, 20–39 years) completed three self-reported measures. All participants had a documented diagnosis of ASD and had normal IQ. Methods. Sensory processing, loneliness, and anxiety were assessed with the Adult Sensory Profile, short-form UCLA loneliness scale, and Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively. Results. Autism spectrum traits and sensory avoiding were associated with anxiety and loneliness. Participants who experienced sensory avoiding more frequently reported higher anxiety and feelings of loneliness, with loneliness mediating the relationship between sensory avoiding and anxiety. More anxiety symptoms in participants with greater sensory avoiding were associated with their higher level of loneliness. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that the relationships existed between sensory processing difficulties, loneliness, and anxiety among adults with ASD. Interventions regarding sensory processing difficulties and emotional well-being are substantial need for adults with ASD, and our results highlight the importance of sensory overresponsiveness and anxiety in evaluating and improving the psychological well-being of adults with ASD.

Comparing psychopathology rates across autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyn Matthews ◽  
Elliot Bell ◽  
Brigit Mirfin-Veitch
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adults With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Adults With Asd ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare the rates and patterns of comorbid anxiety, depression and ADHD across people with: autism spectrum disorder (ASD) plus intellectual disability (ID), ASD/no ID (AS/HFA) and ID only. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained using structured file review and two psychometric screening instruments. File reviews used a modified version of the Case Review Protocol from the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychiatric Disorders for Use with Adults with Learning Disabilities. Screening employed the Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behaviour and the ASD-Comorbidity-Adults scale. Findings Levels of anxiety, depression and ADHD were high for all three groups, and greater than in general population studies. Between groups, the AS/HFA sample had significantly higher anxiety, while the ASD/ID group had significantly greater ADHD. Groups did not differ on measures of depression or total psychopathology. Levels of ADHD, but not anxiety or depression, increased with severity of ID and ASD symptoms. Research limitations/implications More research is needed on the relationship between ASD and both anxiety and ADHD, particularly the identification of these comorbid conditions and their treatment. Practical implications Rigorous screening for comorbid mental health conditions is required to achieve the best outcomes for adults with ASD. Originality/value The study used a broader community-based sample than previous comorbidity research. Including adults with ID but without ASD enabled a comparison of types and rates of disorder across three distinct but related groups with neurodevelopmental disorders.

scholarly journals Hyperacusis in Autism Spectrum Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-556
Author(s):  
Ali A. Danesh ◽  
Stephanie Howery ◽  
Hashir Aazh ◽  
Wafaa Kaf ◽  
Adrien A. Eshraghi
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

Hyperacusis is highly prevalent in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) population. This auditory hypersensitivity can trigger pragmatically atypical reactions that may impact social and academic domains. Objective: The aim of this report is to describe the relationship between decreased sound tolerance disorders and the ASD population. Topics covered: The main topics discussed include (1) assessment and prevalence of hyperacusis in ASD; (2) etiology of hyperacusis in ASD; (3) treatment of hyperacusis in ASD. Conclusions: Knowledge of the assessment and treatment of decreased sound tolerance disorders within the ASD population is growing and changing.

scholarly journals Society and people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder: an analysis of message descriptors of social media

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-755
Author(s):  
Olga A. Vazhenina ◽  
Lidiya K. Lobodenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Media Space ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Media Tool

The authors investigate the process of humanization of society in relation to people with autism spectrum disorders and its relationship with the reception of problems of this category of population by society. The authors based on the descriptors of messages in social media published in the digital media space. The article reveals the relationship between the content of messages in social media, as well as the tools of this type of media and the overall degree of humanization of society at both social and political levels. The typological features of such a social media tool as a hashtag, when covering the problems of people with autism spectrum disorders, as well as the impact of these features on the reception of messages on this topic by both domestic and English-speaking users are noted.

Gluten Intolerance and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Is Nitric Oxide the Common Biomarker Linking These Conditions?

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Fluegge
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

Cruchet et al. attempt to tease out the myths and facts surrounding the growing popularity of certain dietary approaches in the management of neurodevelopmental disorders, like attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The authors identify a particular exclusionary-type approach that seeks to eliminate dietary gluten. Although the relationship between celiac disease (CD) and ADHD/ASD is not well established, a repeated clinical feature noted in CD is the elevated levels of nitric oxide in serum and urine. Elevated oxidative stress has also been observed in neurodevelopmental conditions, and the author of this correspondence has been the first to propose that chronic, environmental exposure to the air pollutant, nitrous oxide may contribute to these oxidative stress profiles through neural cholinergic perturbation. Therefore, the purpose of this correspondence is to highlight this biochemical connection between these conditions so as to identify the clinical populations who may realize the greatest benefit of these dietary approaches, while minimizing any potential risk of nutrient deficiencies.

The Relationship Between Sleep Problems and Daytime Behavior in Children of Different Ages With Autism Spectrum Disorders

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 130 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. S83-S90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryn M. Sikora ◽  
Kyle Johnson ◽  
Traci Clemons ◽  
Terry Katz
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Restricted and repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders: The relationship of attention and motor deficits

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 773-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Ravizza ◽  
Marjorie Solomon ◽  
Richard B. Ivry ◽  
Cameron S. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Attentional Orienting ◽  
Restricted And Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractRestricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are hallmark symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); however, it has proven difficult to understand the mechanisms underlying these behaviors. One hypothesis suggests that RRBs are the result of a core deficit in attention. Alternatively, abnormalities of the motor system may constitute the central mechanism underlying RRBs, given motor deficits observed in ASDs. In this experiment, we investigated the etiology of RRBs and the relationship between attention and motor deficits. Movement impairments (a) may be indirectly related to attention deficits, (b) may result from a shared compromised process, or (c) may be independent. Twenty-two adolescents with ASD and 20 typically developing participants performed a spatial attention task. Movement impairments were assessed with a rhythmic tapping task. Attentional orienting and motor control were found to be related and supported the hypothesis that these impairments in ASD arise from a shared process. In contrast, measures of attention switching and motor control were found to be independent. Stereotyped behaviors, as assessed by parental ratings, were related more to the degree of motor impairment than to deficits of attention. These results suggest that both attentional orienting deficits and stereotyped RRBs are related to a compromised motor system.

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