LA GÉOMÉTRIE DE L'ASTROLABE AU Xe SIÈCLE Geometry of the Astrolabe in the Tenth Century

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abgrall Philippe
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Critical Edition ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Stereographic Projection ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conical Projection ◽  
Geometrical Transformation ◽  
History Of

Many studies on the astrolabe were written during the period from the ninth to the eleventh century, but very few of them related to projection, i.e., to the geometrical transformation underlying the design of the instrument. Among those that did, the treatise entitled The Art of the Astrolabe, written in the tenth century by Abū Sahl al-Qūhī, represents a particulary important phase in the history of geometry. This work recently appeared in a critical edition with translation and commentary by Roshdi Rashed. It contains the earliest known theory of the projection of the sphere, a theory developed in a commentary written by a contemporary mathematician, Ibn Sahl. Following R. Rashed, the present article offers here a thorough mathematical analysis of al-Qūhī's treatise and of the commentary by Ibn Sahl. It also presents, with commentary, an account of a contemporary treatise on the projection of the sphere, written by al-[Sdotu]āġānī. The latter work is concerned with the conical projection of a sphere on a plane, from a point on an axis of the sphere, other than its pole. The author consciously avoids the case of stereographic projection, but he studies all the other cases of conical projection which, if we employ the terms of al-Qūhī's theory, are compatible with the movement of the instrument (i.e. the rotation of the sphere around its axis). These three texts provide clear evidence of the emergence, during the second half of the tenth century, of a new field of study, that of projective geometry.

PROCLUS ON PLATO'S TIMAEUS 89e3–90c7

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Arnzen
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Critical Edition ◽  
Arabic Translation ◽  
Manuscript Transmission ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractAlthough the existence of an Arabic translation of a section of Proclus' commentary on Plato's Timaeus lost in the Greek has been known since long, this text has not yet enjoyed a modern edition. The present article aims to consummate this desideratum by offering a critical edition of the Arabic fragment accompanied by an annotated English translation. The attached study of the contents and structure of the extant fragment shows that it displays all typical formal elements of Proclus' commentaries, whereas its conciseness and shortcomings raise certain doubts about its completeness. As a parergon, the article includes an analysis of a hitherto neglected letter by Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq, which is attached to the fragment in the manuscript transmission. In addition to providing some insight into the origins of the Proclian fragment, this letter sheds some light on the Syriac and Arabic reception of some works by Hippocrates and Galen, especially Hippocrates' On Regimen in Acute Diseases and the history of its Arabic translation.

Lusterware Made in the Abbadid Taifa of Seville (Eleventh Century) and Its Early Production in the Mediterranean Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Barceló ◽  
Anja Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Production ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Made In

This article presents a study of the expansion of Islamic lusterware across the Mediterranean before its production was fully consolidated in al-Andalus between the end of the twelfth and the thirteenth century. A number of examples are presented here that indicate a flourishing trade around the Mediterranean as early as the tenth century, including pottery as well as other luxury goods. A survey of lusterware found on the Iberian Peninsula has yielded relevant information on the complex technical history of local luster production. We present seven Andalusi luster fragments from the eleventh century that feature decoration on both sides, with one piece bearing epigraphic inscriptions naming two of the Abbadid rulers of Seville, al-Muʿtaḍid and al-Muʿtamid. Discovered in Spain (Seville and Palma del Rio) and Portugal (Silves and Coimbra), these fragments indicate the existence of a ceramic production center in Seville and another at the Abbadid palace during the second half of the eleventh century. These pieces indicate the direct and marked influence that the various centers of luxury luster production in the Islamic East and West exerted on one another, a phenomenon not uncommon in the history of Islamic pottery.


References to the Coral Islands in Huang Zhong’s Hai yu 海語

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderich Ptak
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Present Article ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
English Translations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Coral Islands

Abstract There are many studies on the history of the islands in the South China Sea. The present article looks at the references to these islands in one source, Huang Zhong’s 黄衷 Hai yu 海語 (preface 1536). This mainly concerns two entries in that work. One entry bears the title Wanli shitang 萬里石塘, the other is called Wanli changsha 萬里長沙. The article presents English translations of these entries together with detailed comments. These comments are necessary because both entries contain several terms and passages that are difficult to understand. The comments investigate questions related to the geography and other phenoma of this area. This involves citations from contemporary sources as well as from some earlier and later works. In that sense the article may classify as a long philological note, or a collection of glosses, on a particular aspect described in one important mid-Ming text.

Inspired Poetry: Śāntākaragupta’s Play on the Legend of Prince Sudhana and the Kinnarī

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-104
Author(s):  
Csaba Dezső
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Critical Edition ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Poetic Diction ◽  
Literary Influences

A fragment of a play written on the Buddhist legend of prince Sudhana and the kinnarī has been microfilmed by the Nepal-German Manuscript Preservation Project. It was probably written at the end of the eleventh century in Bengal by a Buddhist scholar called Śāntākaragupta. The present article contains a critical edition and an English translation of the fragment, as well as an analysis of the intertextuality of the play and especially the literary influences that shaped the author’s poetic diction.

scholarly journals Order in the House: Epilogue

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-297
Author(s):  
Maaike van Berkel
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
The One

Abstract The contributions to this Special Issue of the Journal of Abbasid Studies show that the later third/ninth to the early fifth/eleventh century witnessed the output of a variety of voluminous books, not only in the Arabic-Islamic tradition, but in chronologically parallel cultures as well. For an overall understanding of the writerly culture of the era, further exploration of the organisation of information and the development of tools to locate data is called for. My epilogue offers a step in this direction against the backdrop of fourth/tenth-century caliphal administration and the organisation of archives on the one hand, and a comparison with the later and much more studied Mamluk writerly culture on the other.

scholarly journals Johann Damgaards Alithia (1597). Genrehistorie, teksthistorie og idehistorie: Omkring et dansk fyrstespejl til Christian 4.

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Olden-Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Political Correctness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Interesting Point ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bull's Eye

The history of Danish political thought is a neglected field of study. This is due to scholarly traditions as well as to the lack of “great texts.” The present article presents a Danish manuscript mirror of princes, Alithia, written in 1597 by Johann Damgaard and presented to King Christian 4. The text itself is neither original nor of exceptional literary merit, but the King liked it and discussed it chapter by chapter with the author. In other words: Damgaard’s Alithia seems to have hit the bull’s eye of political correctness and royal taste. This makes it an interesting source for Danish political culture in the decades around 1600. It represents a synthesis of humanist and reformation ideology where humanism has determined the form while the contents is mostly traditional Christian kingship in the protestant tradition. An exploration of Damgaard’s sources reveals that Damgaard’s text represents a sofisticated writing up of material found in two earlier manuscript mirror of princes by Jens Skafbo from 1590 and 1592 respectively. Skafbo, on the other hand, compiled his mirror of princes on the basis of Paulus Helie’s Danish adaption (printed 1534) of Erasmus of Rotterdam’s Institutio principis christiani and diverse other texts mainly from the 1580’s. This plagiarism, as modern eyes would see it, was typical of the age. The interesting point is the thorough stylistic and ideological twist towards humanism that Damgaard gave his text. A last interesting point is that these mirrors of princes were not destined for the King alone. In more modest and shortened manuscript editions they circulated among the higher nobility. In one such edition of Damgaard’s Alithia one finds a paragraph with no parallel in the King’s version. It describes the relation between King and realm by means of a parable about a lion (the king) and a unicorn (the realm). If the lion behaves peace is assured, but if the lion offends the unicorn it will throw him out by means of its sharp and strong horn (the nobility). The paragraph ends with some barbed verses about the expulsion of King Chrsitian 2. in 1523. This is precious evidence for a radical aristocratic ideology which only occasionally, if at all, surfaces in the sources.

scholarly journals Melchor Cano and the Spirituality of St. Ignatius Loyola: The Censura y parecer contra el Insituto de los Padres Jesuitas

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-394
Author(s):  
Terence O’Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Critical Edition ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
British Library ◽  
Spiritual Exercises ◽  
History Of

The leading critic in Spain of the early Society of Jesus and its founder was the Dominican theologian Melchor Cano, who believed that the spirituality of Ignatius and his companions was a form of illuminism. During the 1550s he set out his reasons for thinking this in his Censura y parecer contra el Insituto de los Padres Jesuitas, a document he intended to show to the pope. It survives in a number of manuscripts, one of them in the British Library in London. The present article traces the history of the text, which was long considered lost, and examines its portrayal of Ignatius, the Spiritual Exercises, and the Society. It concludes with a critical edition of the British Library manuscript.

Polish History through the Eyes of Three Jewish Popular Historians

1998 ◽  
pp. 312-318
Author(s):  
Jerzy Tomaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Large Volume ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Jewish Thought ◽  
Modern Jewish History ◽  
History Of

This chapter provides a comparison of Howard Sachar's book The Course of Modern Jewish History, which was first published in 1958, with two other general works on Jewish history. One is a large volume entitled A History of the Jewish People, edited by Haim Hillel Ben-Sasson, which was first published in Hebrew in 1969. The other is Robert M. Seltzer's Jewish People, Jewish Thought, which is more limited in size and scope and intended for a broad audience. The chapter considers only topics relating to Polish history, not those concerned with exclusively internal Jewish problems or the history of other nations. Nor will there be any general assessment of Sachar's book. Although Ben-Sasson's and Seltzer's works cover Jewish history from ancient to modern times, the story of the Jews in Poland is a relatively recent chapter in this history: it dates only from the creation of the Polish state in the tenth century. Both authors mention the early period of Polish history only briefly, beginning their real narratives of Polish Jewry with the detailed analysis of privileges granted to Jews by Polish kings in the thirteenth century.

Changing Thegns: Cnut's Conquest and the English Aristocracy

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharin Mack
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Norman Conquest ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Anglo Norman ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Edward The Confessor

England was conquered twice in the eleventh century: first in 1016 by Cnut the Dane and again in 1066 by William Duke of Normandy. The influence of the Norman Conquest has been the subject of scholarly warfare ever since E.A. Freeman published the first volume of his History of the Norman Conquest of England in 1867—and indeed, long before. The consequences of Cnut's conquest, on the other hand, have not been subjected to the same scrutiny. Because England was conquered twice in less than fifty years, historians have often succumbed to the temptation of comparing the two events. But since Cnut's reign is poorly documented and was followed quickly by the restoration of the house of Cerdic in the person of Edward the Confessor, such studies have tended to judge 1016 by the standards of 1066. While such comparisons are useful, they have imposed a model on Cnut's reign which has distorted the importance of the Anglo-Scandinavian period. If, however, Cnut's reign is compared with the Anglo-Saxon past rather than the Anglo-Norman future, the influence of 1016 can be more fairly assessed.

Chola Invasion of Bengal

1935 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-666
Author(s):  
A. C. Banerji
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
Northern India ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

The latter part of the tenth century of the Christian era gradually ushered in a new epoch in the history of India. In northern India the old kingdoms, which had dominated the political arena so long, made their exit, and new powers rose to take their place. The struggle between the Gurjaras and the Rāshṭrakuṭas ended fatally for both the contending parties. The great empire of Bhoja and Mahendrapāla had shrunk into the little principality of Kanauj. Its place was taken by the Chāndellas, the Haihayas, and the Chāhamānas, etc. The Pāla empire, too, in eastern India, had fallen on evil days. The land south of the Vindhyas was no exception from this. The Cholas of Tanjore who were to reach the height of their glory in the succeeding century, were gradually consolidating their position in the extreme south. While a new Chālukya dynasty claiming relationship with the older one eclipsed the supremacy of the Rāshṭrakuṭas in the Deccan. The history of the tenth and eleventh century a.d. is full of internecine warfare, which paved the way for Muslim conquest of India.

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