scholarly journals The Azure Jay may reproduce in plantations of Araucaria angustifolia in southern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
ANDREA LARISSA BOESING ◽  
LUIZ DOS ANJOS
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Cooperative Breeding ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Active Nest

SummaryWe undertook field observations of the Azure Jay Cyanocorax caeruleus in Araucaria plantations and a secondary forest in southern Brazil from 2007 to 2010. During the breeding season, the territory and the flock sizes in Araucaria plantations (31.6–42.2 ha; 2–3 individuals) seemed to be smaller than in the secondary forest (64.5–72.6 ha; 5–6 individuals). One active nest was monitored in October–November 2009 and indicated cooperative breeding by the Azure Jay, as for the majority of American jays. The fact that reproduction was documented in Araucaria plantations may be positive for the conservation of this species, since natural areas of mixed rainforest are becoming increasingly scarce.

Life history and demography of an uncooperative Australian passerine, the brown thornbill

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Green ◽  
Andrew Cockburn
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Life History ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Cooperative Breeding ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Reproductive Conflict ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
C 63

The genus Acanthiza may be important in understanding the evolution of avian mating systems because while brown thornbills, Acanthiza pusilla, are thought to breed only in pairs, a recent phylogenetic analysis suggests that cooperative breeding is the ancestral trait within this genus. We provide a detailed account of the breeding biology of the brown thornbill, confirm that they breed exclusively in pairs, and compare their population demography with what is known for other members of the Pardalotidae. We found that brown thornbills produced small clutches (3 eggs) with a two-day laying interval, had a long incubation period (declining from 19 to 16 days through the season), and had a long breeding season (4.0 months) that allowed females to occasionally raise two successful broods. Brown thornbills, in our study, produced an average of 1.57 fledglings per pair and had relatively high annual survival rates (c. 63%). We found no evidence to suggest that the evolution of pair-breeding within the Pardalotidae is associated with a reduction in annual survival rates, a short breeding season with reduced productivity, or high levels of predation post-fledging. Since there also appear to be no ecological correlates with mating system in the Pardalotidae we suggest that examination of reproductive conflict between parents and young may shed light on the evolution of pairbreeding in this family.

scholarly journals Reserve metabolism of stored and germinated Araucaria angustifolia seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e42707
Author(s):  
Cristhyane Garcia Araldi ◽  
Cileide Maria Medeiros Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Recalcitrant Seeds ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Embryo Tissue ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Cold Chamber ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Mature Seeds

Germination metabolism of recalcitrant seeds of Araucaria angustifolia is activated in storage, which complicates the seeds conservation and utilization. This study aimed to identify the changes in the reserve metabolites of A. angustifolia seeds throughout storage in order to understand the processes of hydrolysis caused by germination metabolism. Mature seeds were harvested in southern Brazil and stored in an ambient environment and cold chamber conditions. Biochemical analyses were performed for embryos and megagametophytes from seeds stored for 0, 15, 30, 45, and 90 days. Due to seeds being in advanced germination in storage, they were evaluated at 90 days in different early developmental categories: I – seeds with mature embryos, II – seeds with embryos showing apparent elongation along the embryonic axis, and III – seeds with root protrusion. Higher contents of carbohydrate, protein, and amino acids were observed in embryos compared to megagametophytes, and these metabolites were decreased after onset of germination, especially in the embryo tissue. Mobilization of metabolites in megagametophytes would probably increase in later stages of germination. It is suggested that such alterations are not due to deterioration of reserve components, but instead are based on seed metabolism, which remains active after harvest with hydrolysis of metabolites providing energy for germination.

scholarly journals Rediscovery and subsequent observations of Kaempfer's Tody-tyrant Hemitriccus kaempferi in Santa Catarina, Brazil, with notes on conservation, life history and plumage

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Mazar Barnett ◽  
Guy M. Kirwan ◽  
Mark Pearman ◽  
Luciano Nicolás Naka ◽  
Joe A. Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Made In

Previously known from two specimens, Kaempfer's Tody-tyrant Hemitriccus kaempferi is a globally threatened species endemic to the southern Brazil Atlantic Forest. The first field observations of this little-known taxon were made in the 1990s and our data therefore provide the first published information on its natural history, including breeding biology, behaviour and vocalizations, as well as a new locality. As very little information has appeared in the literature concerning the identification of this species, we present notes on its plumage and habits. Remarks concerning the species's conservation prospects and the importance of the remaining forest in the vicinity of the type-locality for other threatened bird species are made.

Daily Movement and Microhabitat Use by the Blacksmith TreefrogHypsiboas faber(Anura: Hylidae) during the Breeding Season in a Subtemperate Forest of Southern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus de Oliveira ◽  
Gustavo Francisco Aver ◽  
Leonardo Felipe Bairos Moreira ◽  
Patrick Colombo ◽  
Alexandro Marques Tozetti
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Daily Movement

scholarly journals Effect of substrate formulations on seedlings of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntz, a critically endangered species from Southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248
Author(s):  
Leandro Marcolino Vieira ◽  
Erik Nunes Gomes ◽  
Jéssica De Cássia Tomasi ◽  
Valdeci Constantino ◽  
Antônio Carlos Vargas Motta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Critically Endangered Species

Araucaria angustifolia, vulgarmente conhecida como araucária ou pinheiro do Paraná, é uma espécie de planta ameaçada de extinção, nativa do sul do Brasil. O cultivo desta espécie é uma abordagem importante para reduzir o desmatamento assegurando a geração de renda. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes formulações de substrato no crescimento, qualidade e teores de clorofila de mudas de araucária em um sistema conjugado substrato/recipiente, como uma abordagem para promover a propagação e o cultivo da espécie. As sementes foram semeadas em quatro composições diferentes de substrato: F73 (casca de pínus, fibra de casca de coco, fertilizante de liberação lenta [FLL] e fertilizantes fosfatados), F55 (casca de pínus, fibra de casca de coco [em maior proporção que em F73], FLL e fertilizantes fosfatados), T55 (casca de pínus, turfa nacional, FLL e fertilizantes fosfatados) e CC55 (casca de pínus, turfa de esfagno, palha de arroz, FLL e fertilizantes fosfatados). As mudas foram mantidas em uma área de viveiro em um sistema conjugado substrato/recipiente, com irrigação manual. Após 180 dias da semeadura, as mudas foram avaliadas quanto à altura, diâmetro de coleto, áreas foliares e radiculares, massa seca de brotações e raízes e teores de clorofilas a, b e clorofilas totais. O quociente de robustez e o índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD) também foram calculados com base nas variáveis ​​biométricas. Os substratos F73 e CC55 promoveram maior crescimento de altura e diâmetro de coleto em comparação com outros substratos. Outras variáveis ​​relacionadas ao crescimento e qualidade das mudas e aos níveis de clorofila não diferiram em função dos substratos. A massa seca de raiz e massa seca total foram correlacionadas positivamente com o IQD. O diâmetro do coleto apresentou alta correlação positiva com a altura, a massa seca da parte aérea e a massa seca total das mudas de A.angustifolia.

scholarly journals Air temperatures in Central Amazonia. I - The daily record of air temperatures in a secondary forest near Manaus under cold front conditions (July 4 th, to July 13 th, 1969)()

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. P. Brinkmann ◽  
J. A. Weinman ◽  
M. N. Góes Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Front ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Daily Record ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Strong Winds

Abstract A "friagem" is a cold front which moves northward from southern Brazil to the Caribbean coast of South America. A set of composite satellite pictures (2) of the American sector of the southern hemisphere as well as the recorded of daily temperatures in a secondary forest near Manaus are presented. The low temperatures and strong winds associated with this phenomenon have a profound effect on the environment of Amazonia.

scholarly journals Social Behaviour and Circadian Variations in Different Activities of Captive Hog Deer (Axis porcinus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2877-2884
Author(s):  
Zahid Farooq ◽  
Irfan Baboo ◽  
Muhammad Younas ◽  
Khalid Javed Iqbal ◽  
Sana Asad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Circadian Variations ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Breeding Management

Management practices/strategies to re-modulate the wild behaviour of animal species could increase their number in natural areas. The captive herd of hog deer showed slight changes from wild behaviour due to captive stress with no alteration in wild behaviour pattern except captive stress. Adult males (6), adult females (6) and fawns (6) were selected and observed round the clock for thirty days across season after one-hour interval on each activity. All subjects in hotter part of the day spent more time in sitting and rest. While, few hours of night in sleeping, resting and rumination. Fawn spent more time in sitting, resting, and hiding compared to adults. During wandering, they also spent some time in standing. It was noticed that all hog deer in herd not slept together but few of them remain active. Only male fighting was observed and maximum was noticed in August and September during breeding season. Hog deer were mainly crepuscular in feeding with irregular short intakes, and grazing on grasses present in enclosure. This study provides guideline to rehabilitate wild hog deer for better breeding management, conservation and raising practices.

scholarly journals Air temperatures in central Amazonia. I - The daily record of air temperatures in a secondary foreat near Manaus under cold front conditione (July 4th, to July 13 th, 1969) ()

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Brinkmann ◽  
J. A. Weinman ◽  
M. N. Góes Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Front ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Daily Record ◽  
Strong Winds

Abstract A "friagem" is a cold front which moves northward from southern Brazil to the Caribean coast of South America. A set of composite satellite pictures (2) of the American sector of the southern hemisphere as well as the record of daily temperatures in a secondary forest near Manaus are presented. The low temperatures and strong winds associated with this phenomenon have a profound effect on the environment of Amazonia.

scholarly journals VEGETATIVE RESCUE AND CUTTINGS PROPAGATION OF Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivar Wendling ◽  
Gilvano Ebling Brondani
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Coniferous Tree ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Upper Third ◽  
Environmental Importance

Brazilian pine or araucaria (Araucaria angustifolia) is a coniferous tree with great economic, social and environmental importance in southern Brazil, being exploited for both wood production and for its edible pine nuts. However, no efficient cloning techniques are available and, therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vegetative rescue methods for cuttings propagation of the species. Shoots/cuttings were generated in two ways: 26 years old trees underwent coppicing and 20 years old trees had the primary branches on the upper third of crown pruned at 2, 20 and 50 cm from the main trunk. Orthotropic shoots were rooted after application of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 0, 2, 4 and 6 g.L-1. Coppicing produced 47 cuttings per plant with 90% orthotropic shoots, while pruning resulted in 182 cuttings per plant with 44% orthotropic shoots. Rooting success indexes were low with no influence of IBA, although they are slightly superior to the ones available in the literature for the species, ranging from 12 to 30% for the coppice shoots and from 0 to 28% for the branches shoots. We conclude that both vegetative rescue techniques are viable and have potentially important applications. Coppicing is recommended for the propagation aiming the production of wood, while shoots derived from the side branches of the crown are more appropriate for seeds orchards formation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document