Informed Consent: Does It Take a Village? The Problem of Culture and Truth Telling

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK KUCZEWSKI ◽  
PATRICK J. McCRUDEN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Political Tradition ◽  
The Family

Bioethicists have become very interested in the importance of social groups. This interest has spawned a growing literature on the role of the family and the place of culture in medical decisionmaking. These ethicists often argue that much of medical ethics suffers from the individualistic bias of the dominant culture and political tradition of the United States. As a result, the doctrine of informed consent has come under some scrutiny. It is believed that therein lies the source of the problem because the doctrine incorporates the assumptions of the larger society. Thus, informed consent has been reexamined, reinterpreted, and even abandoned as unworkable.

scholarly journals Uniola paniculata (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Unioliinae), nuevo registro para la flora de la Península de Yucatán, México

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Alexis Tovar-Montalvo ◽  
Monserrat Medina-Acevedo ◽  
Miguel Angel García-Bielma ◽  
Jesús Jaime Guerra-Santos
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
Uniola Paniculata ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sea Grass ◽  
The Caribbean

Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: La avena de mar, Uniola paniculata, se distribuye en el Caribe, los Estados Unidos de América y México. El objetivo de este trabajo es reportar su presencia y registro en el estado de Campeche, México. Métodos: Se colectaron ejemplares de la familia Poaceae creciendo en una duna frontal al suroeste del estado de Campeche, específicamente en la Isla del Carmen. Las colectas fueron procesadas y herborizadas, para su conservación e identificación.Resultado clave: Con la identificación de ejemplares, y después de hacer una revisión de su distribución, se registra por primera vez la presencia de Uniola paniculata (Poaceae) en la Península de Yucatán, representando una contribución al conocimiento florístico de la región y a la flora de México.Conclusiones: Esta especie solo había sido reportada para la costa del Golfo de México, en los estados de Tamaulipas, Veracruz y Tabasco. Este registro adquiere relevancia por el papel ecológico de este pasto en las dunas costeras.Palabras clave: avena de mar, conocimiento florístico, dunas costeras, flora de Campeche.Abstract: Background and Aims: The oat sea grass, Uniola paniculata, is distributed in the Caribbean, the United States of America and Mexico. The aim of this work is to report its occurrence and record in the state of Campeche, Mexico.Methods: Individuals of the family Poaceae were collected growing in a coastal dune in the southwest of the state of Campeche, particularly on the Isla del Carmen. The collections were processed and herborized for their conservation and classification.Key results: With the individuals’ identification and after reviewing its distribution, this is the first report of the presence of Uniola paniculata (Poaceae) on the Yucatan Peninsula, representing a contribution to the floristic knowledge of the region and the flora of Mexico.Conclusions: This species had only been reported from the coast of the Gulf of Mexico in the states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz and Tabasco. This record is relevant because of the ecological role of this oat sea grass in the coastal dunes.Key words: Campeche flora, coast dunes, floristic knowledge, sea oat.

scholarly journals The Future Role of the Family Physician in the United States: A Rigorous Exercise in Definition

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Phillips ◽  
S. Brungardt ◽  
S. E. Lesko ◽  
N. Kittle ◽  
J. E. Marker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Physician ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Role ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Future

Improving informed consent by enhancing the role of nurses

2020 ◽  
pp. 096973302095637
Author(s):  
Daniel A Wilkenfeld ◽  
Grace Campbell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Epistemic State ◽  
Minimal Time ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Trust In Physicians

From a legal perspective, before a physician engages in a serious medical intervention they must obtain informed consent. In this paper, we argue that there are serious deficits in our processes of obtaining informed consent; it is often seen as just a bureaucratic hurdle, and people agree to interventions without being in an appropriate epistemic state. We explore some possible reasons for this, including ignorance, trust in physicians’ authority, and the minimal time physicians spend with patients. We trace many of these issues to one central cause, which is that in the United States obtaining informed consent is the purview of physicians. We argue that a simple shift in how we obtain informed consent can help to ameliorate these issues. Specifically, we argue that obtaining informed consent should be the responsibility of nurses rather than physicians. While there are several reasons for this, the central ideas are that (1) since nurses are the ones who know the patient, they will be in better position to tell when patients are genuinely informed, and (2) patients will be more comfortable asking questions and admitting ignorance to nurses rather than physicians. While we focus on US law, our conclusions are more broadly applicable.

Clinical Medical Ethics and the Historical Background of Shared Decision Making

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Mark Siegler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Ethical Problems

In 1982, the concept of physician-patient accommodation was renamed shared decision making by the President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine. Since then, shared decision making has replaced thousands of years of paternalistic physician-controlled medicine and has emerged as the prevailing model of the doctor-patient relationship in the United States. The President’s Commission’s perspective was closely based on the development of clinical medical ethics (CME) in the early 1970s. CME addresses clinical issues such as truth telling, informed consent, confidentiality, and end-of-life care, and must be practiced by licensed clinicians in their routine, daily encounters with more than 40 million inpatients and about 1.5 billion outpatients in the United States each year. The central goal of CME is to improve the quality of patient care by identifying and contributing to the resolution of ethical problems in the practice of clinical medicine; this goal is frequently achieved by shared decision making.

scholarly journals Exploring Compassion in U.S. Nurses: Results from an International Research Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdeline Aagard ◽  
Irena Papadopoulos ◽  
Jessica Biles
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Research Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Survey ◽  
Compassionate Care ◽  
The Family ◽  
Key Issues

Nurses in the United States value their role in providing compassionate care to their patients, the family and community. This article discusses an international survey that explored key issues of compassion in nursing, specifically qualitative findings from a sample of nurses from the United States of America. Fifteen countries participated in this survey, with a total of 1,323 completed questionnaires. The article presents the background; study methods and analysis; and results and discussion. Qualitative data from the United States nurses revealed the following findings: compassion was defined caring with listening, developing a relationship, alleviating suffering, touch, and going beyond the normal role of the nurse.Findings of this study provide some understanding of the ways in which nurses in the United States provide compassionate care.

The Radio Free Dixie Playlists

Resonance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-370
Author(s):  
Brian Kane
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
American Imperialism ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Musical Genres ◽  
The University

Broadcast from Havana, Cuba, but intended for audiences in the United States, Radio Free Dixie was the work of the civil rights leader Robert F. Williams. Airing from 1962 until 1966, the program carefully used music, news, and commentary to convey a militant message of armed self-defense and a critique of American imperialism and racism. While most scholars have focused on William’s spoken commentaries, this article aims to reconsider the role of music on Radio Free Dixie. By examining playlists transcribed and identified from archival broadcasts held at the Bentley Historical Library of the University of Michigan, the article explores three themes. 1) The playlists draw attention to the care with which the music for Radio Free Dixie was selected and how phonograph records were acquired while in Cuba. 2) When viewed through the lens of parrēsia, or what Michel Foucault theorizes as the act of “truth-telling,” the playlists facilitate an argument about how music and speech co-constitute Radio Free Dixie’s parrēsiastic subject by isolating particular moments in the broadcasts where the truth-telling occurs at the intersection of music and speech. 3) Consideration of special episodes given wholly over to music allows for an examination of musical genres employed on Radio Free Dixie and their degrees of overt and coded utterance. Finally, the article considers what it might mean to make militancy audible.

scholarly journals The Common Roles of Fathers: The Five Ps

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2005 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Garret D. Evans ◽  
Kate Fogarty
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cooperative Extension ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
The Family ◽  
Agricultural Sciences ◽  
The Common

Fathers play many roles in parenting their children. Some are involved in every facet of their child's life while others concentrate on one or two aspects of raising their child. In the United States, the role of the father has changed, with today's fathers taking more responsibility for raising their children. This document is FCS2140, one of a series of the Family, Youth, and Community Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication: December 1999. Revised: August 2005.

scholarly journals Religion, Human Capital Investments, and the Family in the United States

2011 ◽  
pp. 38-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn L. Lehrer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
The United States ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Demographic Behavior ◽  
The Family ◽  
Human Capital Investments ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Benefits And Costs

This article explores the role of religion in human capital investments and the family in the United States, based on analyses of microlevel data. The economic perspective views an individual's religious affiliation as affecting economic and demographic behavior because the norms and teachings of various faiths influence the perceived benefits and costs of numerous decisions that people make over the life cycle, including choices regarding the pursuit of investments in secular human capital, cohabitation, marriage, divorce, family size, and employment. These decisions are closely interrelated, so when religious teachings directly influence any one of them, all others are indirectly affected. Consistent with existing structures of perceived benefits and costs, several religious groups in the United States exhibit patterns of economic and demographic behavior that differ significantly from those of mainline Protestants. A higher level of religious participation can affect economic and demographic behavior by accentuating the effects of affiliation. The article also examines patterns of non-marital sex and divorce among conservative Protestants and discusses the role of religion in the second demographic transition in the United States.

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