Exposure to the COVID-19 Stock Market Crash and Its Effect on Household Expectations

We survey a representative sample of US households to study how exposure to the COVID-19 stock market crash affects expectations and planned behavior. Wealth shocks are associated with upward adjustments of expectations about retirement age, desired working hours, and household debt, but have only small effects on expected spending. We provide correlational and experimental evidence that beliefs about the duration of the stock market recovery shape households’ expectations about their own wealth and their planned investment decisions and labor market activity. Our findings shed light on the implications of household exposure to stock market crashes for expectation formation.

The Markov Model of Years to Final Separation from the Labor Force 2012-17: Extended Tables of Central Tendency, Shape, Percentile Points, and Bootstrap Standard Errors

In this paper, we estimate characteristics of years to final separation from the labor force. We use data for the same time period, the same data set, the same education groups for both genders, and similar recursive methods as in our paper on years of labor force activity (Skoog, Ciecka, and Krueger, 2019). Years of labor market activity are a subset of years to final separation from the labor force, with the latter including any years of inactivity that occur prior to final labor force separation. The last set of extended tables for years to final separation from the labor force appeared in 2003 and was based on 1997-98 data (Skoog and Ciecka, 2003).

The Potential of College Completion: How Disability Shapes Labor Market Activity Differentially by Educational Attainment and Disability Type

I conducted a descriptive analysis of how disability shapes labor market activity differentially by educational attainment and disability type using the American Community Survey, 2015 ( N = 1,504,947) and linear probability models. Having a disability is associated with a decrease in the probability of labor force participation (proportion of those employed or seeking employment; [Formula: see text]) and employment (proportion of those in the labor market who are employed; [Formula: see text]. When differentiated by disability type, education moderates the relationship between disability and labor force participation for all disability types. However, education only moderates the relationship between disability and employment for those with cognitive-, physical-, and mobility-related disabilities (not sensory or self-care). Having a bachelor’s degree is associated with a 30.68% higher probability of labor force participation and a 26.84% higher probability of employment among those in the labor force than having some college, indicating higher education may be a pivotal intervention point. The relationships between disability and labor force participation and disability and employment vary by disability type, as does the role of education.

APLICACIÓN DE UN PROGRAMA DE OUTPLACEMENT (OPC) EN UN GRUPO DE TRABAJDORES DESPLAZADOS LABORALMENTE Y SUS EFECTOS EN LOS NIVELES DE DEPRESIÓN, AUTOIMAGEN Y ADAPTACIÓN COMPARATIVAMERNTE CON AQUELLOS TRABAJADORES QUE NO INTERVINIERON.

RESUMENEl presente trabajo es de tipo cuasi experimental, tiene como objetivos principales investigar los efectos del despido laboral de un grupo trabajadores de una entidad estatal y su incidencia en la depresión, adaptación y autoimagen de las personas afectadas. La muestra estuvo conformada por 100 trabajadores de ambos sexos, con tiempo de servicios de 5 –10 años , de10 amás; cargo empleados, edades entre20 a30 años y de31 amás. Se aplicó la técnica de muestreo por cuotas conformándose dos grupos: Grupo Experimental con 50 trabajadores y 50 trabajadores en el Grupo de Control. Se administraron las pruebas psicológicas siguientes: El Cuestionario Estructural Tetradimensional parala Depresiónde Francisco Alonso Fernández (CET-DE),La Escalade Autoimagen de Morris Rosemberg y el Cuestionario de Adaptación para Adultos de Hugh M. Bell.Para el análisis de datos se utilizóla Media Aritmética(M),la Desviación Estándar(DS), el Análisis de Varianza.El Programa de Outplacement, ha sido desarrollado durante sesenta días, a través de la ejecución de 4 módulos de trabajo: Evaluación de competencias, asesoría y apoyo emocional, marketing personal reorientación profesional y ocupacional que permitan su reinserción en el mercado laboral, planificación de actividades de cese, conformación de pymes o pequeñas empresas etc.De acuerdo a los resultados encontrados se comprobaron las hipótesis planteadas, observándose la disminución significativa del nivel de la depresión, e incremento de la autoestima y adaptación en los trabajadores que participaron en el grupo experimental, no así en los trabajadores del Grupo Control.El OPC nace como una nueva técnica y herramienta psicológica especialmente concebida para ayudar a aquellas personas que han perdido su empleo y estar mejor preparadas psicológicamente para afrontar su situación actual, tomando ésta no como una situación fatal y desesperante, sino como un nuevo reto que afrontar.Palabras claves : Programa de Downsizing, Programa de OPC (desvinculación Asistida), despido laboral , Depresión, Autoimagen, Adaptación, competencias, asesoría y consejo psicológico. SUMMARY The present study is quasi-experimental, is primarily aimed to investigate the effects of job layoff in a group of workers of an state entity and its impact on depression, adaptation and self-image of those affected. The sample consisted of 100 workers of both sexes, with service time of 5 -10 years, 10 more; office employees, aged 20-30 years, and 31 more. The sampling technique applied by quotas conforming two groups: Experimental Group with 50 employees and 50 workers in the control group. The following psychological tests were administered:Tetra dimensional Structural Questionnaire for Depression of Francisco Alonso Fernandez (CET-DE), Rosenberg Morris' Self Concept Scale and Questionnaire Adaptation Adult of Hugh M. Bell:For data analysis the Arithmetic Mean (M), standard deviation (SD), the analysis of variance were used. Outplacement Program has been developed for sixty days, through the implementation of 4 modules of work: Evaluation of skills, counseling and emotional support, marketing professional and occupational reorientation to enable their reintegration into the labor market activity planning cease, formation of SMEs and small businesses etc.According to the results we found the hypotheses were tested, showing a significant decrease in the level of depression, and increased self-esteem and adaptation in workers who participated in the experimental group, but not in the control group workers.The OPC is born as a new technical and psychological tool specially designed to help people who have lost their jobs and be better prepared psychologically to face the current situation, taking it not as a fatal and desperate situation, but as a new challenge to face . Keywords: Downsizing Program, Program OPC (Assisted disengagement), job layoff, Depression, Self Image, Adaptation, skills, counseling and psychological counseling.

The Effect of the Health Insurance Mandate on Labor Market Activity and Time Allocation: Evidence from the Federal Dependent Coverage Provision

The primary goal of the federal dependent coverage mandate was to increase health insurance coverage among young adults, the group with the lowest prevalence of health insurance coverage. To understand the full impacts of the federal dependent coverage mandate, it is important to evaluate how the mandate affects labor market activities and time spent away from work among young adults. Using data from the Consumer Population Survey (CPS) and the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) and implementing a difference-in-differences framework, we find: (1) Young adults substitute employer sponsored insurance for dependent coverage, (2) Affected individuals reduce their work time and switch from full- to part-time employment, and (3) The additional time from reduced labor market activity is reallocated towards more time spent on leisure activities, mainly watching television. The effects of the mandate on labor market activities are stronger in later years. Furthermore, we show that young adults do not increase the time they spend on activities that could enhance their human capital such as education and health, which reemphasizes potential unintended consequences of the mandate. These findings suggest that future work is necessary to fully understand the overall welfare effects of the policy.