Asphalt kids and the matrix city: reminiscences of children's urban environmental history

Urban History ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMO LAAKKONEN
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Urban History ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban Environmental History

ABSTRACT:Existing research in urban environmental history is often characterized by a narrow viewpoint or limited material reflecting the rationalist approach typical of white, middle-aged, middle-class and educated men. This orientation risks overlooking the viewpoint of the majority of urban dwellers: ordinary men, women, children, the elderly and different ethnic groups. The article focuses on the urban environmental history of children, because childhood forms the foundation for our relationship with nature. Environmental reminiscences offer fruitful material for the study of children's urban environmental history as well as children's contemporary relationships with the urban landscape. The article integrates aspects of urban history, environmental history and evolutionary psychology.

scholarly journals Structure of the clinical and geriatric depression: Similarities and differences

Psihologija ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdenka Novovic ◽  
Petar Colovic ◽  
Maja Babic ◽  
Gordana Misic-Pavkov
Keyword(s):  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Clinical Depression ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Method Of Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinically Depressed ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Estimate

Studies demonstrating the uniqueness of depression in old age are numerous, but conclusions on the fact if the problems of the elderly people cause depression or if they are a part of depression are not unique. The aim of this paper is to compare the structure of depression of old people without the history of mental illness and middle-aged people treated for depression. The sample consists of 82 healthy inmates of different Homes for the Aged and 78 patients diagnosed with some sort of affective disorder. A depression has been assessed with the shorten version of the MMPI D-scale. The structure of the geriatric and clinical depression has been compared with the method of maximum likelihood, over the matrix of co-variances of answers on the items on the depression scale. The results point out to the statistically significant difference in the structure of depression of the old and clinically depressed individuals. However, half of the items of the D-scale have significant loadings on the factor of depression in both groups. The essence of the depression in both samples is made of cognitive subject matters, depressive affect, decline of motivation and a negative estimate of one's basic abilities. Symptoms concerning low self-esteem, experiencing cognitive deficit, energy and impaired physical health have been significant in describing the clinical depression, while a feeling of reduced positive stimulation and the affective liability is typical for the depression of geriatric sample. The conclusion is that, despite the differences, there is a common core of symptoms that makes the essence of depression, apart from the samples.

scholarly journals Environmental History of an Early Spanish Settlement in the Visayas, Philippines: Excavations in the Parian District of Cebu City | Kasaysayang Pangkalikupan sa usa ka Karaang Puluy-anan Katsila sa Kabisay-an, Pilipinas: Mga Nakubkoban sa Distritong Parian, Lungsod sa Sugbu

SPAFA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Peterson ◽  
Archie Tiauzon ◽  
Mark Horrocks ◽  
Maria Kottermair
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Guadalupe River ◽  
History Of ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
The City

The Jesuit House was built in 1730 on land reclaimed from the Tinago Marsh at the edge of the early Spanish settlement of Cebu City, Philippines, two centuries after it was first encountered by the Spanish explorer Magellan. As the city expanded from its core areas ca. 1565 around Fort San Pedro, Plaza Independencia, and the sites of Santo Nino Church and the Cebu Cathedral, waterways were drained and filled, and canals were dredged to extend the urban Spanish grid. Archaeological excavations at the Jesuit House and in the nearby Casa Gorordo Annex project document these changes in the urban landscape. Soil profiles throughout the downtown coastal plain in conjunction with chronostratigraphic data from the excavations demonstrate its submergence during the late Holocene high sea still-stand, followed by dissection by local drainages and the Guadalupe River. Relict channels and distinct interfluvial terraces are observed showing a migrating series of channels along the shoreline as well as a distinct escarpment at the back of the plain that marked the limits of marine intrusion during the high still-stand. Visayans and Spanish settlers selected higher ground for settlement in the interfluves and modified lowland areas such as the marshlands one of which became the Parian District of urban Cebu. Archaeological investigations at the Jesuit House and the Casa Gorordo Annex document the environmental history as well as the transition from native to colonial lifeways at the edge of Empire.Ang Balay Hesuita natukod niadtong tuig 1730 pinaagi sa pagtambak og yuta sa Katunggan sa Tinago diha sa ngilit sa nag-unang nahimutangan sa mga Katsila sa Sugbu, Pilipinas, mga duha ka gatusan ka tuig human kini nakaplagan sa Katsilang manunuhid nga si Magallanes. Sa dihang nilapad ang lungsod, gibana-bana 1565, nga naglangkob sa Kotang San Pedro, Hawan Independencia, ug mga luna sa Simbahang Santo Nino ug Katedral sa Sugbu, ang mga katunggan gipahubas ug gitambaka’g yuta, ug ang mga kanal gihawas-asan aron sa pagpalugway sa gilapdon sa lungsuranong Katsila. Makita kining mga kausaban sa lungsod pinaagi sa mga nakubkuban sa mga arkeyologo sa Balay Hesuita ug sa Sumpay sa Balay Gorordo nga duol niini. Ang mga takilirang hulagway’ng yuta sa tibuok kabaybayunang patag sa maong lungsod, tali sa datos nga kronostratigrapiko nga nakuha pinaagi sa mga arkeyolohikong pangubkob nagapakita sa pagkalubog niini kaniadto sa kinatas-ang naabtan sa dagat sa panahon sa Holosino, gisundan kini sa pagtabas-tabas pinaagi sa mga gagmay’ng sapa ug sa Subang Guadalupe. Makita sa mga karaang giagian sa katubigan ug tataw’ng mga hinagdanan ang nagsunod-sunod nga mga agianan sa tubig subay sa baybayon ug ang mga tataw nga tagaytay sa likod sa patag nga maoy nagpaila kung asa taman niabot ang kadagatan sa panahon sa kintas-ang gihunungan niini kaniadto. Gipili sa mga lumolupyo nga Bisaya ug Katsila ang hataas nga mga lugar para ila kining puy-an taliwala sa mga dagayday ug ilang giusab ang mga basa nga mga lugar sa ubos niini, sama sa mga katunggan diin usa niini ang Ditritong Parian sa Sugbu. Ang mga pagtulun-ang arkeyologo sa Balay Hesuita ug sa Sumpay sa Balay Gorordo nagapakita sa kaagi sa kalikupan lakip na ang pag-usab gikan sa lumadnon ngadto sa kolonyal nga mga pamaagi sa kinabuhi diha sa ngilit sa Imperyo.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Samiparna Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Urban History ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Empire Building ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Imagination

This tale of animals and Empire in colonial Calcutta rests at the intersection of three scholarships: history of science/medicine, environmental history and urban history. The introduction situates this study in the larger historiographical narrative and describes the contribution of the project to South Asian scholarship and beyond. Much of the extant literature on environmental history has gone toward arguing for the role of nature as a historical actor. But it has been relatively less emphatic toward the study of non-human subjects, particularly domestic animals in empire building. The novelty and richness of the book lies in its invocation of complex networks of human and nonhuman actors in an empire to inform the metropolitan scientific imagination. It also foregrounds the theoretical underpinnings and methodology of this book by highlighting what is new about this work.

Encountering the Dilemma of Change in the Architectural and Urban History of Shanghai

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cary Y. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Urban History ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Layout Planning ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Planning Policies

How does one begin to decipher an urban landscape if it is constantly changing? Four thousand years ago the land on which Shanghai is located was submerged beneath the sea. Today it is one of the most rapidly globalizing cities in the world. In looking for ways to approach the architectural and urban history of Shanghai, it may be useful to focus on the moments of change, acculturation, tension, and dilemma. It is such encounters or intersections that redefine and establish anew the very reality and imagination of the city’s timescape. In general, a city can be viewed through its overall layout, planning, policies, changing environmental conditions, and interactions between different social and cultural groups. In Encountering the Dilemma of Change in the Architectural and Urban History of Shanghai, Cary Y. Liu argues that the goal should not be to establish an immutable chronology of facts and events but to better comprehend the complex tensions and issues defining each encounter.

At a green crossroads: recent theses in urban environmental history in Europe and North America

Urban History ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
STÉPHANE FRIOUX
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Doctoral Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban Environmental History ◽  
Water Plants

Since the path-breaking work of prominent North American historians such as Joel Tarr and Martin Melosi, as well as more recent roundtables in Europe, urban environmental history is now a mature research field, at the intersection of various related approaches. Time has passed since a leader of environmental history, William Cronon, could write that ‘cities in particular deserve much more work than they have received’. In this field, urban history necessarily crosses with environmental history, but also with the history of technology and social and cultural history; whilst its scholars not only emanate from a traditional historical background, but also from geography, science and engineering. Urban environmental historians, as they are referred to here, have duly established the importance of studying the relationships between ‘nature’ (including non-humans) and humans in and around cities. This ‘nature’ is a complex and shifting entity: recent doctoral studies have, for instance, documented rivers transformed by human action, weeds growing in the spatial and social margins of cities and tidal wetlands progressively filled in and built upon. The recently completed Ph.D.s reviewed in this essay see the built environment more as a hybrid of natural elements, like water, plants, animals and human action. Aided by the environmental lens, the scope of the urban historian has also been broadened by studying the ways in which residents’ lives were transformed by the invention, spread and environmental impact of new technologies, as well as the political responses to environmental crises.

scholarly journals “COLLECTION OF COMPULSORY RESOLUTIONS ISSUED BY CITIES AND ZEMSTVOS OF THE NOVGOROD PROVINCE” AS A SOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF NORMING THE INTERACTION OF TOWNS INHABITANTS WITH THE ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-606
Author(s):  
A. B. Agafonova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Urban Pollution ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban Environmental History ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The City

The problems of sanitary condition of the urban environment became the object of the policy of the city public administration as a result of the city reform of Alexander II. The city reform 1870 gave the rights to the City Dumas to publish the Compulsory Resolutions on issues of urban improvement and public health. These Resolutions were based on existing laws, but their content depended on the decisions of specific City Dumas. The existing Compulsory Resolutions could be supplemented with new ones over time and could be rewritten. In this context, of particular interest are the first attempts by local self-government bodies to legally regulate sanitary problems of the urban environment. The article is devoted to the analysis of the historical source “Collection of Compulsory Resolutions issued by cities and zemstvos of the Novgorod province” in terms of the information presented in it on the regulation of interaction between citizens and the components of the natural environment in the cities in the last third of XIX century. This historical source is valuable for researchers of urban environmental history, because it allows to identify the degree of urgency of local problems associated with urban pollution and disease for local self-government.

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