Modern industrial policy and zoning: Chicago, 1910–1930

Urban History ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT LEWIS
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Science Funding ◽  
New Type ◽  
The 1960S

ABSTRACT:Industrial policy has long been considered a federal responsibility. Indeed, most scholars date modern local economic development programmes as starting in the 1960s. Before that, in this view, industrial policy wasad hoc, unco-ordinated and fragmented. In this article, I argue that the origins of modern industrial policy initiated by the local state slowly emerged at the beginning of the twentieth century in Chicago. Using an assortment of sources, I show that a new type of industrial policy was forged in the conflict over the 1923 zoning ordinance. The city's real-estate, financial and political elites were able to mobilize information, science, funding, individuals and arguments to convince industrialists that zoning was to their advantage. In the process, the city's industrial interests were able to frame the new zoning ordinance to their ends.

scholarly journals The Maker Faire of Rome as a window of observation on the new perspectives for local economic development and the new urban entrepreneurial ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Fiorentino
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Urban Economy ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Creative Industry ◽  
Maker Movement ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Maker Movement

The rise of the Maker Movement – representing small businesses active in the digital fabrication and the creative industry field – is indicative of the emergence of a new type of urban economy and labour regulations in many cities. Trade fairs have been central to the dynamics of these makers as well as an institutional tool to build an economic reputation for the place hosting them. This paper draws upon a survey of exhibitors at, and interviews with organizers of, the Maker Faire of Rome 2015 to describe the features of this unfolding entrepreneurial world. The findings indicate that, although cities are once again the nexus of contemporary innovation trends, these are deeply intertwined with the surrounding socio-political context. Specifically, and in some contrast to the extant literature on creativity, the Rome case indicates the salience of Makers to those urban economies most in need of regeneration.

Making Performance Plants from Branch Plants? In Situ Restructuring in the Automobile Industry in the United Kingdom

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pike
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Plant Economy ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
New Type ◽  
Branch Plant ◽  
Market Strategies

In this paper a critical examination is made of the alleged change in the branch-plant economy. It is claimed that a new type of branch plant is emerging, with more progressive implications for local economic development. This argument is reviewed with reference to in situ restructuring in existing brownfield plants in the automobile industry. Empirical evidence is examined from ‘Motor Co.’ and ‘Car Co.’ (pseudonyms) in Riverside, across several dimensions of change: role and autonomy; labour process; labour-management relations; labour-market strategies; supplier linkages; and local economic development implications. It is argued that changes in branch plants and their implications for local economies can be understood by addressing the interrelations between structure, agency, and contingency. Evidence of change from Motor Co. and Car Co. in Riverside suggest some heightening of plant responsibility, the limited upgrading of functions, and the introduction of new techniques. The changes are partial, revealing the overlap of new and old practices, and the benefits for local economic development appear limited.

Are Status of Women and Contraceptive Prevalence Correlated in Pakistan?

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1057-1073
Author(s):  
Abdul Hakem
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Populous Country ◽  
Status Of Women

Pakistan with an estimated population of around 142.5 million in mid 2001 is the seventh most populous country in the world and fourth in Asia and Pacific countries. The historical trends indicate a continuously increasing growth in population (Table 1). The population of the area now constituting Pakistan was 16.6 million in 1901. Since then the population has increased over eight-fold. Annual growth rates have risen from 1 percent in the first three decades of the century to around 2 percent in the next three decades and after peaking at little over 3 percent in the 1960s, has started showing a declining trend. Currently it is estimated that Pakistan’s population is growing at around 2.1 percent, still a very high rate of annual growth in population. Major contributing factor to the fast growth in population of Pakistan has been high fertility which has remained high for a very long period. It is evident that nearly 100 million population has been added to the population of Pakistan since 1961, that is, during the last four decades. Such rapid growth in population has several adverse implications for the socio-economic development of the country which has been offsetting the gains in social and economic development.

Does it pay to bribe? The influence of bribery on new venture disbanding in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Jintong Tang ◽  
Zhi Tang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Resource Dependence Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Dependence Theory ◽  
Chinese Entrepreneurs

This research extends bribery research toward entrepreneurial theory and practice by examining how bribery impacts new venture disbanding in China. Existing research suggests that bribery may enhance firms’ competitive advantage; however, building off of resource-based view and taking into consideration the institutional context in China, the current study proposes that firm bribery activity hurts new ventures by increasing the hazard of venture disbanding. Further, guided by resource dependence theory, this study examines how local economic development and organizing activity moderate the relation between bribery and disbanding. In particular, it is proposed that when local economic development is suffering, or when firms are not engaging in appropriate organizing activities, bribery will lead to higher chance of new venture disbanding. Data from Chinese entrepreneurs support these hypotheses.

scholarly journals The changing position of housing estate neighbourhoods in the Helsinki metropolitan area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Lilius ◽  
Jukka Hirvonen
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
Housing Estate ◽  
Housing Investment ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Helsinki Metropolitan Area ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Rental Markets ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractThis paper addresses the under-researched phenomena of investments in the private rental markets in disadvantaged suburbs in Finland. Despite the application of a social-mixing policy in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area and the Nordic welfare model, suburban housing estate neighbourhoods built in the 1960s and 1970s have experienced a socioeconomic decline since the 1990s. According to several recent large surveys, housing estate neighbourhoods represent the least popular housing environments among Finns. Nevertheless, as the Helsinki Metropolitan Area is currently facing rapid population growth, these neighbourhoods have now become the target for heavy infill development, and ambitious city-led regeneration plans. Simultaneously, housing investment has become an opportunity in Finland for both national and, increasingly, also international real-estate investment companies, as well as for private households. We explore the resurge to invest in housing estate neighbourhoods through two case studies in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. Using statistics and interviews with policymakers and institutional real-estate investors, as well as a review of policy documents as our data, we show the variegated ways in which the marketization and financialization of housing and urban renewal policies change the social geography of housing estates in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area.

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