CONSERVATION OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES IN THE USSR

State Plan

SUMMARYMany valuable local breeds of farm animals in the USSR have either been lost or are in an endangered state. Concern about this loss of gene resources has led to the inclusion of a genetic resources programme in the overall state plan for the genetic improvement of livestock. It includes programmes for live animal conservation and setting up of gene banks. The former activity is carried out in special state gene pool farms, one for each geographical zone, where 500 purebred cows are maintained under a rotational outbred system of mating. Semen banks of most local breeds of livestock have also been established at animal husbandry institutes. Current research emphasis is on long term embryo storage and establishment of banks of somatic cells of local breeds.

ECONOMIC BASES OF GENE POOL OF LOCAL AND ENDANGERED BREEDS OF FARM ANIMALS SPECIES PRESERVATION IN UKRAINE

10.31073/abg.52.28 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 211-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O. V. Kruglyak ◽

I. S. Martynyuk

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Gene Pool ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Dual Purpose ◽

Bull Semen ◽

Budget Support ◽

The aim was to determine the amount of state financial support for the full gene pool preservation of local and endangered breeds of farm animals in Ukraine for 2016-2020. Given the great strategic and economic importance of the problem of gene pool preservation and rational use to enhance food security, the level of state financial support for preservation of the gene pool of local and endangered breeds of farm animals was determined for using two methods of conservation: in situ (live animals) and ex situ (cryoconservation of their genetic materials). The level of budget support to preserve gene pool objects involves calculating the minimum (normative) amount of genetic resources (livestock females, bull semen, embryos) and rational choice of methodical approach to determining the level of budget support for the preservation of each type of genetic resources. The level of budget support for in situ maintenance of gene pool objects was determined based on level of budget subsidy per head and livestock number of each species, recommended to preserve (normative). The basis of the level of budget subsidies was determined as compensation amount of normative costs for feed produced at cost. Normative costs of feed were determined on the basis of scientifically grounded rations for species and breeds of animals taking into account their productivity. The full in situ preservation of dairy and dual-purpose breeds of cattle requires the holding herds of each breed which include animals of all main bloodlines, where at least 3 live bulls and 60 cows should be kept per bloodline. In gene pool subjects of beef breeds at least 3 bulls and 20 cows should be kept per bloodline. Breeding cattle of all breeds should be performed by linear purebred breeding and randomized fixing of bulls in lines. Under these conditions, it is possible to preserve purebred livestock number for 5-6 generations, or 20 years. To preserve in situ the gene pool of local and endangered breeds of pigs, sheep and poultry it is necessary to provide herd size not less than 25 boars and 100 sows, 20 rams and 200 ewes, 10 stallions and 50 mares, 50 geese and 200 fowl, 50 drakes and 250 ducks, 50 cocks and 250 hens. The constancy of gene pool of local and endangered breeds is fully possible to provide only by ex situ method, providing measures to preserve genetic fund of breeds, types, lines in an artificial environment (cryoconservation of gametes, somatic cells, zygotes, tissues). Ex situ preservation of the gene pool of local and endangered breeds is expedient as a "virtual" cryo-herds. For their expansion annually 1-3 thousand doses of bull semen of dairy, dual-purpose and beef breeds per each farm or genealogical line (depending on the number of bulls in a line) must be collected and stored in cryo-depositories in over 3 thousand doses of bull semen for each line. Annual accumulation and storage of semen of rams should be accordingly 1.2 and 2.4 thousand doses, boars – 2 thousand doses and stallions – 300 doses in both cases. The annual need for purchasing sires’ semen of farm animals is 35.7 thousand doses. For implementation of programs for preserving the gene pool of local breeds it is necessary to pass 10% of annual purchased semen to the Bank of Animal Genetic Resources of Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS. The normative costs for an annual storage of sires’ semen in 2015 have been determined, which amount is UAH 4.54 and UAH 2.98 according to normative capacity of cryo-depositories (5 thousand doses and 20 thousand doses). The project of preserving populations of local and endangered breeds of cattle as "cryo-herds" (cryopreserved bovine embryos) during 2016-2020 requires the state support for obtaining 250 bovine embryos, prepared for long-term storage, of each breed and storing them in Bank of Animal Genetic Resources of Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS. To provide the full preservation of the gene pool of local and endangered breeds of farm animals in Ukraine using two methods of conservation: in situ (live animals) and ex situ (“virtual cryo-herds”) during the next five years it is necessary to finance UAH 75,137.5 thousand from the State Budget. The implementation of the developed economic mechanism ensures the gene pool preservation of domestic autochthonous and local breeds of farm animals and their further use for breeding animals of specialized and dual-purpose breeds, the execution of commitments laid down by international agreements of Ukraine for the biodiversity preservation. These research results have been used in the development of the Programme of preservation of local and endangered breeds of farm animals in Ukraine for 2016-2020.

GENETIC RESOURCES OF AGRICULTURAL ANIMALS OF UKRAINE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE THIRD MILLENNIUM

10.31073/abg.58.15 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 110-119

Author(s):

S. L. Voitenko ◽

M. G. Porkhun ◽

O. V. Sydorenko ◽

T. Y. Ilnytska

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Gene Pool ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

The State ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Large White ◽

Beef Breed ◽

The Third ◽

Third Millennium

Modern animal husbandry in Ukraine is an integral part of the market economy and is based on the use of advanced production technologies and not a large number of highly productive domestic or foreign breeds of farm animals. It has been established that the progress of the livestock industry is not possible without determining the changes that occur with breeds and livestock of breeding animals in the subjects of breeding business. It is well known that only breeding animals are able to display high genetic potential for productivity and to pass it on to offspring. Understanding of the state of the breeds is necessary to forecast product volumes that are consistent with country safety, and to determine the populations that need to be preserved or restored in the context of the global problem of wildlife biodiversity conservation. The purpose of the work was to identify the species and breeds of farm animals that have formed the livestock sector of Ukraine at the beginning of the third millennium, and to identify changes that have occurred with the genetic resources of farm animals and to identify the breeds most vulnerable to the number of females under control. Analysis of the state of dairy and combined dairy and meat breeds in the breeding herds of Ukraine made it possible to conclude that as of January 1, 2019, compared to the beginning of 2002, the number of cows in Ayrshire, Angler, Lebedyn, Simmental, Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy, Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy, Polish Red and Red Steppe decreased breeds. The increase in the number of cows occurs among the Ukrainian Whiteheaded, Holstein and Swiss breeds. Breeding herds for breeding cattle of Carpathian Brown, Ukrainian Brown Dairy breeds and Pintsgow are not functioning. The endangered include Angler, Ukrainian Whiteheaded, Ukrainian Brown Dairy and Polish Red breeds. A comparative analysis of the number of cows of beef breeds in the subjects of breeding business of Ukraine in the dynamics of 2002–2019 indicates the preservation of all breeds, except for pentiges. In 2019, compared to 2002, cows increased in herds of Aberdeen-Angus breed, Hereford, Limousine, Southern Beef, Polissian Beef, Light Aquitan, Ukrainian Gray and Charolais. A significant decrease in the number of cows in Volinian Beef breed, the Znamensk type of Polissian Beef, Simmental Beef and Ukarainian Beef. The few in Ukraine at this stage include Hereford, Light Aquitan and Ukrainian Beef. The state of pig breeding in the breeding farms on 01.01.2019 indicates the disappearance of breeding herds in which pigs of English selection Large White breed, Large Black and Myrgorod breeds were breed. At present, only Large White breeds and Landrace pigs can be competitive in numbers, and the rest should be considered non-numerical. Sheep breeding, which is represented in Ukraine by the largest number of breeds and breed types, did not have any breeding herds in 2019, where in previous years bred Askanian Fine-Fleece breed, Askanian type of Black-Headed sheep with crossbred fleece, Olibs, North-Caucasian, Polwars, caucasian the Kharkiv type of the Ukrainian Meat-Fleece breed, the Tsigai breed and its two types, as well as the multi-breed type of the Karakul breed. Simultaneously with the disappearance of the above breeds new breeds or types appeared, among them: Bukovyna type of Askanian Meat-Fleece breed with crossbred fleece, Merinolandshaft, Dniprovian Meat (Dnipropetrovsk type), Romanivska. The smallest number of breeding queens of falcon and dark-headed Latvian breeds was established. The changes that took place in the field of horse breeding of Ukraine during 2002–2019 relate to the creation and elimination of breeding herds in which horses were bred by Budyonnivska, Russian Heavy Draft and French Trotter breeds. No information is available in the State Register of Breeding Herds about the Gutsul and Torian breeds, as well as the Shetland Pony, may be regarded as the disappearance of these breeding herds. In 2019, compared to 2002, the number of mares of Newolexandrian Heavy Draft, Orlov Trotter, Russian Trotter, Trakenian, Ukrainian Saddle and Thoroughbred Saddle horse breeds declined significantly. The gene pool of horses has expanded only due to the Hanover breed. Analysis of the status of other species and breeds of farm animals is not optimistic and indicates a decrease in the number of females and, consequently, a decrease in the gene pool of these breeds.Without the introduction of effective state conservation and support programs, as well as policy changes in the agricultural sector, Ukraine will continue to reduce livestock of agricultural animals, especially domestic autochthonous or local breeds, continuing the sad tradition of the world in reducing breed biodiversity.

PROBLEM OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONSERVATION OF FARM ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES

10.31073/abg.54.26 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 200-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yu. P. Polupan ◽

D. M. Basovskiy ◽

N. L. Rieznykova ◽

Yu. M. Reznikova

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Gene Pool ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Animal Breeding ◽

Farm Animal ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Small Scale ◽

The ratification by Ukraine of the Convention on Biological Diversity in 1994, the approval of the Interlaken Declaration in 2007, the Global Plan of Action on Farm Animal Genetic Resources and the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and Fair and Equitable Benefit-Sharing, signed in 2012, imposes certain obligations to our country, especially concerning farm animal breed conservation. Indigenous breeds have considerable store of variability, high cultural, aesthetic and ecological value and should therefore be unequivocally preserved. The state of this issue in Ukraine and the place of Zubets Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of NAAS in the solution of the issue are covered in this article. The research was conducted using methodological approaches that are consistent with the Global Action Plan on Animal Genetic Resources, EU Directives, the current legislative framework for livestock in Ukraine, programs and plans of breeding of specific breeds and herds of farm animals. The degree of inbreeding was determined using the method of S. Wright in the modification of D. A. Kislovsky. Conservation of farm animal gene pool is a global issue and affair of certain international organizations, in particular FAO. In Ukraine M.V.Zubets Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics has been actively engaged in the issue of conservation of biodiversity of farm animals during 1996–2017. By the decision of the Bureau of the Presidium of the UAAS on March 11, 2004 (protocol No. 3), the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics assigned to be the main institution for the organization and implementation of a new scientific and technical program "Preservation of farm animal gene pool". In 2004 there was prepared a "Report on the Status of Genetic Resources of Livestock in Ukraine: Materials for FAO" (authors: M. V. Zubets, V. P. Burkat, D. O. Melnychuk, O. I. Kostenko, Yu. F. Melnyk, I. V. Guzev, R. M. Schmidt, G. G. Omelyanenko, V. I. Drobot, V. A. Pidzhelkova, A.F. Gordin, M. V. Stompel) with the participation of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of the NAAS. To fulfill stated tasks, in 2006 the technology and methodology of breeding resources survey holding, breeding resources’ integrated assessment and identification of their economic and genetic specificity were proposed. According to the developed technology, in 2006–2010, 208 breeding herds of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and poultry were surveyed. In the next year (2007), the Institute held a creative discussion "Problems of farm animal gene pool conservation." In the same year, the Institute workers (I. V. Guzev) took part in the International Scientific Conference "Conservation of Animal Genetic Resources in Poland and Europe" (Krakow, Poland), in 2009 – at the International Congress "On the Traces of Grey Podolic Cattle" (Matera, Italy), 2012 (S. I. Kovtun, N. L. Rieznykova) – in the workshop of the ERFP working group on the conservation ex situ "Legal and institutional arrangements for ex situ conservation at national level" (Zagreb, Croatia), 2016 (N. L. Rieznykova) – in a seminar on the conservation in situ and ex situ (Godöllo, Hungary). M. V. Zubets Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of NAAS in 2017 formed the request for the participation in the international project of FAO on the conservation and rational use of the Brown Carpathian cattle gene pool. The monitoring of the status of local small-scale and endangered farm animal breeds of different species on their number and number of breeding farms in Ukraine (2011–2017), according to the State Breeding Registry, revealed a tendency to the annual reduction of both the number of subjects of the breeding business in the relevant livestock sector and the general number of animals in breeds. According to the results of the analysis conducted amongst a large number of small-scale farm animal breeds in Ukraine, the most vulnerable populations were chosen on the basis of the number of females and breeding farms. In Ukraine Grey Ukrainian, Ukrainian Whiteheaded, Brown Carpathian, Lebedyn cattle breeds, Hutsul horse breed, Sokil sheep breed, Mirgorodian, Ukrainian Steppe Black-and-White and Ukrainian Steppe White pig breeds are going to disappear. Taking into account the above mentioned, the Program of conservation of local and endangered breeds of farm animals in Ukraine for 2017–2025, based on the initiative and direct participation of Zubets Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, has been developed. It requires the annual budget subsidy at the level of 22.01–42.85 mln. UAH. One of the methods of rational use and conservation of local, small-scale and indigenous farm animal breeds’ gene pool is the establishment of banks for long-term storage of biological material. Inventory of available resources of local cattle sperm was carried out. The bulls' sperm is stored at the Bank of Genetic Resources of Animals at M.V.Zubets Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of NAAS and nine enterprises of Ukraine. The level of inbreeding among local and endangered breeds was studied. It was established that the highest level of inbreeding is observed among the bulls of the Brown Carpathian breed. Amonst promising further scientific research directions are the next: expeditionary research on the availability of pure-blood animals in gene pool herds, identification of biological characteristics of indigenous animals’ products, estimation of cultural and aesthetic value, resistance level, adaptive ability, and the search for genetic markers of local, small-scale and disappearing breeds.

IN MEMORY OF LEONID VYSHNEVSKYI

10.31073/abg.58.19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 160-161

Author(s):

Editorial Board

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Scientific Production ◽

Animal Breeding ◽

The State ◽

Deputy Director ◽

Farm Animals ◽

The Right ◽

On May 21, 2019, at the age of 59, a well-known scientist and statesman, head of the department of animal genetic resources of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Animal Genetics of Zubets NAAS, Director of State Enterprise "Main Scientific Production Breeding and Information Center in Animal Production of the Institute of Breeding and Genetics of Animals of NAAS" Candidate of Agricultural Sciences Leonid Vyshnevsky died. We have lost an outstanding person who has worked hard throughout his life to improve the breeding stock that meets current European requirements. Leonid Vyshnevskyi was born on May 1, 1960 in the village Listvyn of Ovruch district , Zhytomyr region in family of employees. After graduating with honors in 1982 from the Zootechnical Faculty of the Zhytomyr Agricultural Institute, he worked for some time as the chief zootechnician in the state farms of the Zhytomyr region. Since 1984 - Junior Research Fellow at the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Non-Black Zone of the USSR. Since September 1985 - postgraduate student of the Department of Breeding of Animals of the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy. After graduation from 1993 to 1998 he worked as a chief specialist of the department of breeding and breeding work of the association of state breeding factories of Ukraine "Ukrderzhplemzavody", carrying out work on the organization of breeding accounting in the farms and introduction of an automated system of management of the breeding process in dairy cattle breeding. From 1999 to 2000, Leonid Vyshnevskyi, being the chief specialist of the department of the Main State Breeding Inspection, was engaged in the formation of the basics of the legal framework on breeding work in animal husbandry and the organization of assessment of breeding animals. From 2000 to 2003 - Deputy Director General of the State Scientific Production Production Selection, and from September 2003 to August 2006 - First Deputy Director of the State Agency for the Identification and Registration of Animals. At this time, with his direct involvement, that a unified state system for the identification and registration of farm animals was introduced at the national level. His responsibilities for being General Director of the Selection concern included the organization of a breeding system in animal husbandry (attestation of the subjects of breeding business in animal husbandry, creation and maintenance of the State Breeding Register, preparation of normative-legal acts on conducting breeding records and evaluation breeding value of different species of farm animals). In 2008, Leonid Vyshnevskyi defended his PhD thesis on "Selection and genetic methods of Myrhorod pigs breed improvent productivity and crossbreeding use" in the specialty 06.02.01 - breeding and selection animals. The scientist carried out the results of his research, being first as a scientific scientist, then as a senior researcher, and since September 2010 - head of the laboratory of the beef breed gene pool of the Institute of Breeding and Animal Genetics of NAAS. Due to the creation of the Department of Animal Genetic Resources and Information Systems, whose work was closely linked to the previous activities of Leonid Vasilyevich, he was transferred to the post of Head of Department since June 2011. Researches of the scientist have established the possibility of using modern methods of DNA-typing of animals for optimization of the breeding process in animal husbandry. Leonid Vyshnevskyi scientific achievements include a patent for the utility model "Application of ISSR-typing method for optimization of breeding process in small breeds of pigs as a means of individual selection for increasing productivity and preserving the genetic diversity of animals of endangered populations". While working at the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, he actively participated in the development of methodological bases for biodiversity conservation in animal husbandry in Ukraine and the introduction of centralized automated breeding records at the state level. The Leonid Vyshnevskyi life is an example of a worthy, responsible leader who was able to organize and rally around the best specialists of the industry. He was able to inspire his energy, find the right word, give the right direction to make the necessary changes.Leonid Vyshnevskyi will forever remain in our grateful memory and our hearts. Light memory, eternal memory….

THEORETICAL, METHODOLOGICAL, SCIENTIFIC AND INSTITUTIONAL BASICS OF FORMATION OF BANK OF FARM ANIMAL GENETICS RESOURCES OF INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL BREDDING AND GENETICS NAMED M.V.ZUBETS OF NAAS

10.31073/abg.53.01 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 7-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. I. Baschenko ◽

M. V. Gladiy ◽

Yu. P. Polupan ◽

S. I. Kovtun ◽

I. S. Borodai

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Gene Pool ◽

Focal Point ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Population Monitoring ◽

Farm Animal ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Optimal Size ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Animal Genetic Resources

The authors has demonstrated the global nature of the problem of domesticated animal gene pool preservation caused by intensive using some transboundary breeds and reduction in the number of aborigen and local ones. Ignoring this problem leads to loss of biodiversity, the restoration of which with traditional methods of breeding work is not possible. The main aim of the article to highlight the key milestones of forming of the theory and methodology of farm animal gene pool preservation, contribute of Ukrainian scientists to the development of the some specific approaches. The prerequisite of the development and the role of the Bank of farm animal genetic resources of IABG named M.V.Zubets of NAAS in the system of biodiversity preservation were highlighted. As its prototype we considered the Republican Sperm Repository of Central Experimental Station of Artificial Insemination (Brovary). The article shows that solving of problem of farm animal gene pool preservation should be based on a combination of the whole complex of factors: theoretical and methodical, organizational, economic and technological. In the last decades Ukrainian scientists have developed organizational foundations of farm animal gene pool preservation; its basic principle is breed adaptation to the certain climatic zones. They have introduced the seven main organizational forms of the domesticated animal preservation including gene pool population, gene pool herd, relicted animal farm, collections’ nursery, farm of gene pool reserve, gene pool reproductor, bank of animal gene pool resources and other banks. They have initiated the development of the concept of creation and placement gene pool objects, its main link is bank of animal gene pool resources. The article shown that twelve research institutes of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine carry out scientific program "Preservation of animal’s gene poll". The Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named M.V.Zubets of NAAS is main institution that coordinates its activities. Bank of Animal Gene Pool Resources of institute has been recognized as a national treasure in 1986. Since 2009 Ukraine is a member of the European Regional Focal Point for Animal Genetic Resources at FAO. The authors state that IABG nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS has developed a methodology for integrated assessment, management and long-term storage of gene pool resources. The scientists of the institute have introduced methods of genetic and population monitoring of the gene pool herds and systems of regulation and optimization of the number of the gene pool populations through a combination of biotechnological and genetic technologies of cryopreservation of sperm, embryos, oocytes, primary germ cells and DNA, directed selection and creation of virtual cryopreserved gene pool herds. They have identified categories of the gene pool objects for storage and optimal size of deposit, developed requirements for genetic material of each gene pool object of the different species of farm animals, as well as standards of main parameters of the gene pool micropopulations for the some species. The contribution of scientists of IABG nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS in the development of the conceptual foundations of preservation of animal genetic resources as a cultural and intellectual heritage of the nation was concretized. The authors used the special historical and scientific methods of research.

THE MALVI CAMEL: A NEWLY DISCOVERED BREED FROM INDIA

Animal Genetic Resources Information ◽

10.1017/s1014233900000687 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. 29-39

Author(s):

Ilse Köhler Rollefson ◽

H. S. Rathore

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Population Size ◽

Milk Production ◽

Production System ◽

Gene Pool ◽

Genetic Resource ◽

Distribution Area ◽

Distinct Population ◽

Production Potential ◽

Animal Genetic Resources

SUMARYThis paper describes the Malvi camel, a very distinctive breed from northern Madhya Pradesh (India), which is characterized by considerable milk production potential. Although the Malvi camel has long been recognized as a distinct population by local camel breeders, scientists were previously not aware of the existence of this breed. Information about the distribution area, estimated population size, and physical characteristics of the Malvi camel is provided and the prevailing management and production system is described. It is concluded that the Malvi camel represents a valuable genetic resource and that steps are necessary to ensure its survival as a separate gene-pool. The way in which this breed was discovered also demonstrates the need for utilizing local indigenous knowledge in the identification and documentation process of animal genetic resources.

The wool properties and body weights of the indigenous Red Karaman and Karyaka sheep breeds of Turkey

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200030192 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 180-180

Author(s):

E Pasa ◽

H Esfandyari ◽

M Farajiyan ◽

G Mogghaddam ◽

P Shahbazi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Mixed Type ◽

Sheep Breeding ◽

Wool Production ◽

Sheep Breeds ◽

Indigenous Sheep ◽

Body Weights ◽

Production Characteristics

Sheep breeding has an important role in animal production in Turkey. The diversity of animal genetic resources of Turkey have not been fully appraised and some indigenous farm animal breeds are in danger of disappearing even before being scientifically defined. An equilibrium is needed between the genetic improvement studies and the conservation of the genetic resources Ozcan et al (1994). The greatest part of the wool produced by the indigenous sheep breeds in Turkey is of coarse and mixed type of wool and most of it is used in the hand woven authentic carpet production Kizilay (1986). This paper reports body weights and wool production characteristics of the indigenous Red Karaman and Karayaka sheep breeds.

Animal Genetic Resources/Ressources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales ◽

A short version of the action plan for the long-term sustainable management of Swedish animal genetic resources 2010–2030. Swedish Board of Agriculture. Published in 2009, pp. 17. ISSN 1102-3007. Available at http://www2.jordbruksverket.se/webdav/files/SJV/trycksaker/Pdf_rapporter/ra09_15kort.pdf

10.1017/s2078633610000822 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 87

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Sustainable Management ◽

Action Plan ◽

Short Version ◽

Animal Genetic Resources

Sustainable use and genetic improvement

Animal Genetic Resources Information ◽

10.1017/s1014233900002558 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 49-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C. Nimbkar ◽

J. Gibson ◽

M. Okeyo ◽

P. Boettcher ◽

J. Soelkner

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Animal Health ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Cultural Dimensions ◽

Advanced Technology ◽

Indigenous Populations ◽

Genomic Technologies ◽

Animal Populations

SummarySustainable use of animal genetic resources for agriculture and food production is proposed as the best strategy for maintaining their diversity. Achievement of sustainable use would continue to support livelihoods and minimize the long-term risk for survival of animal populations. The concept of sustainable use has economic, environmental and socio-cultural dimensions. Sustainable use of animal genetic resources also contributes to food security, rural development, increasing employment opportunities and improving standards of living of keepers of breeds. Supporting the rearing of breeds through better infrastructure, services, animal health care, marketing opportunities and other interventions would make a significant contribution to the sustainable use of animal genetic resources.Sustainable use envisages the use and improvement of breeds that possess high levels of adaptive fitness to the prevailing environment. It also encompasses the deployment of sound genetic principles for sustainable development of the breeds and the sustainable intensification of the production systems themselves. Sustainable use and genetic improvement rely on access to a wide pool of genetic resources.Genetic improvement programmes need to be considered in terms of national agriculture and livestock development objectives, suitability to local conditions and livelihood security as well as environmental sustainability. Genetic improvement can involve choice of appropriate breeds, choice of a suitable pure breeding or crossbreeding system and application of within-breed genetic improvement. The choice of appropriate breeds and crossbreeding systems in developed countries has been a major contributor to the large increases in productivity, and has benefited greatly from the fact that developed country animal genetic resources are well characterized and relatively freely exchanged. Where proper steps have been followed by careful assessment of demand, execution, delivery, impact and cost-benefit analyses, successful within-breed improvement has been realized within indigenous populations in developing countries. Breeding objectives and programmes for subsistence oriented and pastoralist systems are likely to be entirely different from conventional programmes. Crossbreeding has been most successful where it is followed by a rigorous selection programme involving livestock owners' participation and substantial public sector investment in the form of technical support. In any genetic improvement programme, inbreeding needs to be monitored and controlled.Within-breed genetic improvement is normal practice in the developed world, and has become a highly technical enterprise, involving a range of reproduction, recording, computing and genomic technologies. Emerging genomic technologies promise the ability to identify better, use and improve developing world animal genetic resources in the foreseeable future. Useful systems can, however, be established without the need for application of advanced technology or processes.

SCIENTIFIC AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF GENERATION, GENETICS, REPRODUCTION BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PROTECTION OF THE GENOFONDS IN LIVESTOCK BREEDING

10.31073/abg.56.01 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

pp. 5-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. V. Hladiy ◽

Yu. P. Polupan ◽

S. I. Kovtun ◽

S. V. Kuzebnij ◽

L. V. Vyshnevskiy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Gene Pool ◽

Animal Breeding ◽

International Standards ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Breeding Value ◽

Black And White ◽

Animal Populations ◽

The article highlights the main achievements, problems and directions of the further development of the landing stock of Ukraine, the prospects of scientific research of Institute of Animal breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of the NAAS in the areas of breeding, genetics, biotechnology of reproduction and preservation of the gene pool of farm animals. Institute is the initiator of four dairy herds (Ukrainian Red-and-White, Black-and-White, Red and Brown dairy bread) and four meat (Ukrainian, Volyn, Polissya and Southern meat) breeds of cattle. Its employees carry out scientific support of regional livestock development programs, development of systems for the creation and management of commercial herds of dairy and beef cattle, which contributes to solving the global food problem, and to ensure the nutrition security of Ukrainian population. The newly created Ukrainian Black-and-White, Red-and-White and Red dairy breeds for the predominantly intra-species breeding improvement and limited access to the gene pool of the Holstein breeding breed should remain the main areas of the breeding improvement of domestic dairy cattle breeding. The existing breeding system in cattle in Ukraine does not meet international standards and practically does not work in a complex way, and it threatens the final destruction of domestic breeding livestock, a significant dependence of the country on the import of breeding resources. To solve the problem, a new structure of the breeding service with a clear definition of the organizational basis for the management of tribal affairs and functional responsibilities of the subjects of its implementation was proposed, the formation of a centralized national information base for the identification, registration, origin and performance of animals, the keeping of state books of breeding animals as the basis estimation of their genetic value, and its realization is entrusted to the state enterprise created at the institute on Main scientific-production informational-elective center in livestock. Promising areas for farm animal breeding research are grouped into gene identification and the degree of development of quantitative attributes (QTL), early prediction and evaluation of breeding value of animals using markers (MAS). Research on molecular genetics is aimed at improving genetic analysis methods at individual and population levels, monitoring herds of cattle according to different types of genetic markers. Genetic systems for testing animals in 9 loci quantitative attributes, which are involved in the formation of qualitative indicators of dairy and meat productivity. A work is under way to test animals for the polymorphism of the BoLA-DRB3 gene of the major histocompatibility complex in animal populations for resistance to or susceptibility to mastitis. Biotechnology research focuses on reproductive biology methods, first of all, manipulations with gametes of farm animals, in vitro fertilization of pre-matured oocytes of cows and pigs, and others. The technology of obtaining oocyte cumulus complexes from ovaries of animals, the conditions of their storage, cultivation and fertilization out of the organism, which allows receiving a much larger number of embryos for both scientific and practical purposes, is developed. A separate direction is the work to improve the biotechnological methods of reproduction of farm animals using nanomaterials. It is based on the application in cryopreservation and sperm production of sperm and ovules of various variants of biologically active substances that are applied to highly dispersed silica molecules (albumin of blood serum of cattle, N-acetylneuramic acid – UFS / BSA / NANA). In order to monitor and preserve the diversity of genetic resources of agricultural animals in Ukraine, a complex of works under NAAS scientific program "System of work in populations and preservation of biological diversity of genetic resources of farm animals" ("Preservation of gene pool of breeds") with a coordination center on the basis of Institute of Animal breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS. The research resulted in the development of the Program for the preservation of the gene pool of local and endangered breeds of farm animals in Ukraine for 2017–2025, in which the methodological bases for preservation of the gene pool were generalized, animal breeds were classified according to the criteria of risk, the minimum sizes of herds (real and virtual) of faulting species were substantiated, the minimum the size of subsidies for the proper functioning of small-numbered breeds, general methodological approaches to assessing the specificity of genetic resources are specified.