scholarly journals In vivo imaging of neurodegeneration in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-528
Author(s):  
Chiadi U. Onyike ◽  
Gwenn S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Neurodegenerative Process ◽  
Healthy Control

For almost two decades, O'Brien and colleagues have investigated virtually every facet of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), phenomenology, treatment, and neurobiology, ranging from genetics to post-mortem and in vivo imaging studies. The latest study from this group, reported here, describes differences in regional grey matter volumes using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and an automated segmentation analysis method in a well-characterized sample of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), DLB, and a healthy control group (Watson et al., 2015). The study incorporated detailed psychometric assessments of cognitive and motor functions for correlation with the grey matter volumes, and age, gender and dementia severity were included as covariates in the statistical analysis. The key observations are relatively greater hippocampal volumes and lower subcortical volumes in DLB compared to AD, but it is to be noted that most of these differences in subcortical volume were demonstrated indirectly through comparisons of the disease groups with age-matched healthy control subjects. Thus, replication in studies that make direct comparisons between DLB and AD subjects, perhaps in a larger sample size, is necessary. Still, these results highlight the potential for MR imaging to provide indicators of the extent of the neurodegenerative process in DLB. Furthermore, the results underscore the importance of correcting molecular imaging data for the effects of cerebral atrophy (partial volume correction) that may further enhance the ability of these methods to reveal pathophysiological processes.

Is the distance between mammillary bodies predictive of a thickened third ventricle floor?

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 852-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrado Iaccarino ◽  
Enrico Tedeschi ◽  
Armando Rapanà ◽  
Ilario Massarelli ◽  
Giuseppe Belfiore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Mammillary Bodies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Third Ventricle Floor

Object The aim of this study was to correlate intraoperative endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) findings in hydrocephalic patients with the MR imaging appearance of the mammillary bodies (MBs), the fundamental anatomical landmarks of the third ventricle floor (TVF) region. Methods The authors reviewed brain MR images and intraoperative ETV records in 23 patients with hydrocephalus as well as MR imaging data from 120 randomized control volunteers of various ages to define the normal intermammillary distance (IMD). Results In control volunteers, no measurable IMD (“kissing” configuration) was observed in 91 (85%) of 107 cases, and there was mild MB splitting (mean ± standard deviation, 0.18 ± 0.12 cm) in only 16 cases with age-related cerebral atrophy. Among the 21 patients with complete MR imaging and ETV data sets, 12 ETV procedures were hindered by anatomical anomalies such as a thickened TVF or an “upward ballooning” phenomenon. On preoperative MR imaging in these 12 patients, there was an increased IMD (0.55 ± 0.41 cm) compared with that in the remaining 9 patients (0.27 ± 0.25 cm) who had a normal thin TVF during ETV and in the control group (0.03 ± 0.08 cm). Magnetic resonance imaging and ETV data concordantly displayed nonsplit MBs in 6 of 9 cases with a thin TVF and split MBs in 10 of 12 cases with a thick TVF. Conclusions The normal configuration of MBs is no measurable IMD, with mild splitting occurring in patients with age-related brain atrophy. In hydrocephalic patients, a thickened TVF was present almost exclusively with an increased IMD on preoperative MR imaging and separated MBs on endoscopic viewing. Large retrospective series are needed to confirm that a preoperative increased IMD is predictive of a thickened TVF during ETV.

scholarly journals 11C-UCB-J synaptic PET and multimodal imaging in dementia with Lewy bodies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Nicastro ◽  
Negin Holland ◽  
George Savulich ◽  
Stephen F. Carter ◽  
Elijah Mak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Dynamic Imaging ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Vesicle Membrane

Abstract Objective Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common cause of dementia, but atrophy is mild compared to Alzheimer’s disease. We propose that DLB is associated instead with severe synaptic loss, and we test this hypothesis in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of 11C-UCB-J, a ligand for presynaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A), a vesicle membrane protein ubiquitously expressed in synapses. Methods We performed 11C-UCB-J PET in two DLB patients (an amyloid-negative male and an amyloid-positive female in their 70s) and 10 similarly aged healthy controls. The DLB subjects also underwent PET imaging of amyloid (11C-PiB) and tau (18F-AV-1451). 11C-UCB-J binding was quantified using non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) determined from dynamic imaging. Changes in 11C-UCB-J binding were correlated with MRI regional brain volume, 11C-PiB uptake and 18F-AV-1451 binding. Results Compared to controls, both patients had decreased 11C-UCB-J binding, especially in parietal and occipital regions (FDR-corrected p < 0.05). There were no significant correlations across regions between 11C-UCB-J binding and grey matter, tau (18F-AV1451) or amyloid (11C-PiB) in either patient. Conclusions Quantitative imaging of in vivo synaptic density in DLB is a promising approach to understanding the mechanisms of DLB, over and above changes in grey matter volume and concurrent amyloid/tau deposition.

Dementia with Lewy bodies

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
O. S. Levin ◽  
E. E. Vasenina ◽  
A. Sh. Chimagomedova ◽  
N. G. Dudchenko
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Neurodegenerative Process ◽  
Icd 10

Te lecture presents modern concept of the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), which accounts for about 10% of cases of dementia. Te nosological status of DLB and the problem of ratio of DLB and Parkinson’s disease which, apparently, represent two phenotypic variants of one neurodegenerative process («diseases with Lewy bodies») are considered in historical aspect. Approaches to the diagnosis and coding of DLB in accordance with ICD-10 are proposed. Te role of cholinesterase inhibitors, antipsychotics, levodopa, rasagiline and other drugs in the treatment of patients with DLB is аnalyzed.

Dementia with Lewy bodies—associated ß-synuclein mutations V70M and P123H cause mutation-specific neuropathological lesions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryna Psol ◽  
Sofia Guerin Darvas ◽  
Kristian Leite ◽  
Sameehan U Mahajani ◽  
Mathias Bähr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Network ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Sporadic Case ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Neuronal Network Activity ◽  
Distinct Disease

Abstract ß-Synuclein (ß-Syn) has long been considered to be an attenuator for the neuropathological effects caused by the Parkinson’s disease-related α-Synuclein (α-Syn) protein. However, recent studies demonstrated that overabundant ß-Syn can form aggregates and induce neurodegeneration in CNS neurons in vitro and in vivo, albeit at a slower pace as compared to α-Syn. Here we demonstrate that ß-Syn mutants V70M, detected in a sporadic case of Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), and P123H, detected in a familial case of DLB, robustly aggravate the neurotoxic potential of ß-Syn. Intriguingly, the two mutations trigger mutually exclusive pathways. ß-Syn V70M enhances morphological mitochondrial deterioration and degeneration of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons, but has no influence on neuronal network activity. Conversely, ß-Syn P123H silences neuronal network activity, but does not aggravate neurodegeneration. ß-Syn WT, V70M and P123H formed proteinase K (PK) resistant intracellular fibrils within neurons, albeit with less stable C-termini as compared to α-Syn. Under cell free conditions, ß-Syn V70M demonstrated a much slower pace of fibril formation as compared to WT ß-Syn, and P123H fibrils present with a unique phenotype characterized by large numbers of short, truncated fibrils. Thus, it is possible that V70M and P123H cause structural alterations in ß-Syn, that are linked to their distinct neuropathological profiles. The extent of the lesions caused by these neuropathological profiles is almost identical to that of overabundant α-Syn, and thus likely to be directly involved into etiology of DLB. Over all, this study provides insights into distinct disease mechanisms caused by mutations of ß-Syn.

scholarly journals The relationship between hippocampal-dependent task performance and hippocampal grey matter myelination and iron content

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239821282110119
Author(s):  
Ian A. Clark ◽  
Martina F. Callaghan ◽  
Nikolaus Weiskopf ◽  
Eleanor A. Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Future Thinking

Individual differences in scene imagination, autobiographical memory recall, future thinking and spatial navigation have long been linked with hippocampal structure in healthy people, although evidence for such relationships is, in fact, mixed. Extant studies have predominantly concentrated on hippocampal volume. However, it is now possible to use quantitative neuroimaging techniques to model different properties of tissue microstructure in vivo such as myelination and iron. Previous work has linked such measures with cognitive task performance, particularly in older adults. Here we investigated whether performance on scene imagination, autobiographical memory, future thinking and spatial navigation tasks was associated with hippocampal grey matter myelination or iron content in young, healthy adult participants. Magnetic resonance imaging data were collected using a multi-parameter mapping protocol (0.8 mm isotropic voxels) from a large sample of 217 people with widely-varying cognitive task scores. We found little evidence that hippocampal grey matter myelination or iron content were related to task performance. This was the case using different analysis methods (voxel-based quantification, partial correlations), when whole brain, hippocampal regions of interest, and posterior:anterior hippocampal ratios were examined, and across different participant sub-groups (divided by gender and task performance). Variations in hippocampal grey matter myelin and iron levels may not, therefore, help to explain individual differences in performance on hippocampal-dependent tasks, at least in young, healthy individuals.

scholarly journals Shortened platelet half-life in multiple myeloma

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 514-520
Author(s):  
E Fritz ◽  
H Ludwig ◽  
W Scheithauer ◽  
H Sinzinger
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Healthy Control

Various defects in platelet function have been reported as being associated with multiple myeloma. In 30 myeloma patients and 15 healthy controls, we investigated platelet survival using in vitro labeling of autologous platelets with 111indium-oxine and measuring the in vivo kinetics of the radioisotope. Significantly shortened platelet half- life in patients averaged 73 hours, while platelet half-life in the healthy controls averaged 107 hours. In myeloma patients, serum levels of thromboxane B2, beta-thromboglobulin, and platelet factor 4 were significantly elevated; aggregation indices were within the pathological range; platelet counts and spleen-liver indices, however, were comparable to those of the healthy control group. No statistical correlation was found between platelet half-life and paraprotein concentrations. Our findings suggest an initial--so far unexplained-- intravascular process of platelet activation and consumption that finally manifests in shortened platelet half-life. It seems that overt thrombocytopenia develops only when the compensatory capacity of the bone marrow finally becomes exhausted. Further studies should be able to elucidate the pathophysiologic processes involved.

scholarly journals Amyloid-β deposition and regional grey matter atrophy rates in dementia with Lewy bodies

Brain ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (10) ◽  
pp. 2740-2750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Sarro ◽  
Matthew L. Senjem ◽  
Emily S. Lundt ◽  
Scott A. Przybelski ◽  
Timothy G. Lesnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Grey Matter Atrophy

P2-191: IN VIVO MEASUREMENT OF CHOLINERGIC BASAL FOREBRAIN ATROPHY IN DEMENTIA WITH LEWY BODIES

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. P541-P541
Author(s):  
Michel J. Grothe ◽  
Christina Schuster ◽  
Florian Bauer ◽  
Johannes Prudlo ◽  
Stefan Teipel
Keyword(s):  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Cholinergic Basal Forebrain

scholarly journals Erratum to: Correlation between pathology and neuromelanin MR imaging in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-638
Author(s):  
Shinichiro Kitao ◽  
Eiji Matsusue ◽  
Shinya Fujii ◽  
Fuminori Miyoshi ◽  
Toshio Kaminou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Bodies

scholarly journals A Higher Frequency Administration of the Nontoxic Cycloartane-Type Triterpene Argentatin A Improved Its Anti-Tumor Activity

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaira Tavarez-Santamaría ◽  
Nadia J. Jacobo-Herrera ◽  
Leticia Rocha-Zavaleta ◽  
Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa ◽  
Beatriz del Carmen Couder-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Product ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Hct 116 ◽  
Hct 116 Cells ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Parthenium argentatum (Gray), commonly known as guayule, has been used to obtain natural rubber since the beginning of the 20th century. Additionally, the so called “resin” is a waste product derived from the industrial process. The cycloartane-type triterpene Argentatin A (AA) is one of the main constituents of the industrial waste resin. In this study we evaluated the AA anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo in the HCT116 colon cancer cells. The apoptosis promotion of AA was assessed by the annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assay. The senescence was evaluated for SA-β-galactosidase, and PCNA was used as a marker of proliferation. Its antitumor activity was evaluated using a xenograft mouse model. The results indicated that AA-induced apoptosis in HCT-116 cells and was positively stained for SA-β-galactosidase. In the xenografted mice test, the administration of AA at the dose of 250 mg/kg three times a week for 21 days reduced tumor growth by 78.1%. A comparable tumor reduction was achieved with cisplatin at the dose of 2 mg/kg administered three times a week for 21 days. However, nude mice treated with AA did not lose weight, as they did remarkably when treated with cisplatin. Furthermore, the animals treated with AA showed similar blood profiles as the healthy control group. These data indicate the low toxicity of AA compared to that shown by cisplatin.

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